萬(wàn)吉祥　李國(guó)榮

(China Daily) From hosting the Olympics to the planned launch of the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft, many Chinese are seeing the year as one with national achievements they can be proud of.

Still, despite booming economic growth and influence over the past three decades, many Chinese do not consider the country a world superpower, a recent survey has showed.

The survey, by social research company Horizon Research, polled more than 3,000 residents in 10 cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.

Close to 60 percent of those polled thought the country should strengthen collaboration with international organizations or other countries in a wide range of global issues—as a supporter or coordinator rather than a leader.

About six in 10 said they did not consider the country as a superpower, while about 22 percent said the country will never become one.

Another 20 percent said the countrys journey to becoming a superpower would take more than two decades.

“It is a very normal attitude among Chinese citizens, to actively participate in international affairs, but not necessarily to do so as the leader,” said Wang Yizhou, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS).

“The Chinese people wish for their government to work with other countries to achieve global objectives, but they dont want to become the flag-raiser.”

Wang said such a mentality is a legacy of former State leader Deng Xiaoping, whose foreign policy, put forward three decades ago when the country started on its opening-up and reform, has been carried on by his successors.

“According to Dengs theory, when it comes to foreign policies, China is to participate, not to lead, not to have enemies,” Wang said.

The approach has had profound influence on many Chinese politicians, think tanks and the public, Wang added.

However, what has changed is the level and scale of fields that the country has participated in on the global stage, given its development into an economic power from one of the worlds poorest countries, Wang said.

The countrys overseas presence and interests are gradually expanding as well, Wang said.

Chinese overseas students, for instance, account for one-seventh of the worlds total number of overseas students, while the number of outbound tourists keeps rising, he said.

“China has become more visible on the global stage,” he said.

Global concerns such as climate change and the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula have shown that the views of Beijing and its willingness to act on them have become prerequisites to any solution, Wang said.

This trend has in turn raised the global vision and awareness of the Chinese, the expert said.

“This is a time when China is expected to play a larger role in many global issues,” Wang said.

At the same time, experts said the survey has shown that more should be involved in assessing the power and influence of a country.

Yan Xuetong, head of the Institute of International Studies at Tsinghua University, said an accurate assessment of a countrys power depends on its economic, military and political spheres, in addition to its cultural and intellectual prowess.

While there was no doubt that the country had risen to become an economic power in the past two decades, its military force has been weakened in that time and its political clout, if analyzed from its global influence, has come to a standstill, Yan said.

As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, China should help maintain world peace, strengthen its democracy and seek prosperity for its own people, said Wang Yusheng, a Beijing-based researcher of international relations.

“Labeling China as a superpower is not in line with the countrys goals,” he said.

從舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)到計(jì)劃發(fā)射的神舟七號(hào)載人航天飛船，很多中國(guó)人把今年看作是國(guó)家取得令他們引以為豪的成就的一年。

然而，近來(lái)的一次民意調(diào)查顯示：盡管在過(guò)去的三十年里中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)蒸蒸日上，國(guó)際影響力大幅提高，很多中國(guó)人并沒(méi)有把中國(guó)視作世界上的超級(jí)大國(guó)。

這次由水平研究這個(gè)社會(huì)研究公司進(jìn)行的調(diào)研對(duì)包括北京、上海、廣州在內(nèi)的十個(gè)城市的3，000多居民進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。

在所有的調(diào)查對(duì)象中，近六成的人認(rèn)為，中國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)以支持者或協(xié)作者的身份，而不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的身份，在全球問(wèn)題的廣泛范圍內(nèi)加強(qiáng)同國(guó)際組織和其他國(guó)家之間的合作。

大約六成人的表示，他們沒(méi)有把中國(guó)視作超級(jí)大國(guó)，而約22%的人表示，中國(guó)永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)成為超級(jí)大國(guó)。

另外20%的人表示，中國(guó)成為超級(jí)大國(guó)還需要20多年時(shí)間。

中國(guó)社科院世界經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治研究所副所長(zhǎng)王逸舟說(shuō)：“積極地、但沒(méi)有必要以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的身份參與國(guó)際事務(wù)是中國(guó)民眾中一種非常普遍的態(tài)度。

“中國(guó)人民希望他們的政府同其他國(guó)家一道實(shí)現(xiàn)全球目標(biāo)，但他們不想成為扛大旗者。”

王逸舟表示，這種心態(tài)是中國(guó)前領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人鄧小平留下的遺產(chǎn)。他在三十年前中國(guó)剛剛開(kāi)始改革開(kāi)放時(shí)所提出的外交政策，由他的繼任者繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。

他說(shuō)：“根據(jù)鄧小平理論，當(dāng)涉及外交政策時(shí)，中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)是積極參與，不當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，不樹敵?！?/p>

王還表示，這一外交策略對(duì)很多的中國(guó)政界人士、智囊團(tuán)以及廣大民眾有著深刻的影響。

然而，他認(rèn)為，如果考慮到中國(guó)從世界上最貧窮的國(guó)家之一發(fā)展成為一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)，中國(guó)在世界舞臺(tái)上所參與領(lǐng)域的級(jí)別和規(guī)模已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。

他指出，中國(guó)在海外的存在和利益也在逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)大。

譬如，中國(guó)留學(xué)生數(shù)量占世界留學(xué)生總量的七分之一，同時(shí)出境游客數(shù)量也在持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。

他說(shuō)：“中國(guó)在全球舞臺(tái)上越來(lái)越受人矚目?！?/p>

他表示，全球關(guān)注的問(wèn)題，如氣候變化、朝鮮半島核問(wèn)題等已經(jīng)表明，中國(guó)政府的觀點(diǎn)和它對(duì)這些問(wèn)題采取行動(dòng)的意愿成了任何解決方案的前提。

這位專家說(shuō)，這一趨勢(shì)反過(guò)來(lái)又提升了中國(guó)民眾的全球視野和意識(shí)。

王逸舟還說(shuō)：“這是中國(guó)被期望在很多全球問(wèn)題上發(fā)揮更大作用的時(shí)期?！?/p>

盡管如此，一些專家表示，這次調(diào)查表明，在對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的實(shí)力和影響力評(píng)估中應(yīng)涉及更多的因素。

清華大學(xué)國(guó)際關(guān)系研究所所長(zhǎng)嚴(yán)學(xué)通指出，準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估一個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)力取決于它的經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、政治等領(lǐng)域，以及這個(gè)國(guó)家的文化和知識(shí)才能。

他說(shuō)，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)中國(guó)在過(guò)去的二十年中已經(jīng)上升成為一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)，但與此同時(shí)它的軍事力量相對(duì)減弱，如果從對(duì)全球的影響分析，它的政治影響也沒(méi)有變化。

來(lái)自北京的國(guó)際關(guān)系研究員王玉生說(shuō)，作為聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)，中國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助維護(hù)世界和平，加強(qiáng)自身民主建設(shè)，為中國(guó)人民謀求繁榮。

他說(shuō)：“給中國(guó)貼上超級(jí)大國(guó)的標(biāo)簽是同這個(gè)國(guó)家的目標(biāo)相違背的。”