劉希晶
一、how可用作疑問(wèn)副詞和連接副詞,意為“怎樣,如何,用何方法”。這時(shí)how有如下用法。
1. how用作疑問(wèn)副詞,引起特殊疑問(wèn)句。例如:
How can I get to the airport?到機(jī)場(chǎng)我該怎樣走?
How is the word spelt?這個(gè)單詞怎么拼寫?
注意:how也可用于詢問(wèn)健康情況如何。例如:
How are your parents?你父母身體好嗎?
How are you feeling?你身體(感覺(jué))怎樣?
2. how用作連接副詞,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:
Tell me how you could escape being burt in the accident. 告訴我在這次事故中你怎么沒(méi)有受傷。
二、how可用作感嘆副詞,意為“多么,何等”,引導(dǎo)感嘆句,這時(shí),how通常位于形容詞和副詞之前。例如:
How nice of you to come! 你能來(lái),太好了!
How pleased they were to see us! 他們見到我們有多高興??!
How kind you are! 你多么客氣?。?/p>
How well you look! 你看來(lái)多么健康??!
三、含how的短語(yǔ)
1. how much可以用來(lái)詢問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,也可用來(lái)詢問(wèn)物品的價(jià)格或總錢數(shù)。例如:
How much rice do you want?你想要多少米飯?
How much does this TV set cost?這臺(tái)電視機(jī)賣(值)多少錢?
How much are these things?這些東西一共多少錢?
2. how old可以用來(lái)對(duì)年齡提問(wèn)。例如:
How old are you?你多大歲數(shù)了?
3. how long意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,可以用來(lái)對(duì)一段時(shí)間提問(wèn); how long意為“多長(zhǎng)”,可以用來(lái)對(duì)長(zhǎng)度提問(wèn)。例如:
How long will he stay here?他在這兒要呆多久?
How long is the Great Wall?長(zhǎng)城有多長(zhǎng)?
4. how soon意為“多久之后”,常用來(lái)對(duì)“in + 段時(shí)間”進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。例如:
How soon will he come?他要多久才能來(lái)?
How soon will you visit Tokyo?你多久之后去東京?
5. how far意為“多遠(yuǎn)”,用來(lái)對(duì)距離進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。例如:
How far is it from Jiayuguan to Shanhaiguan?從嘉峪關(guān)到山海關(guān)有多遠(yuǎn)?
How far did you walk?你們走了多遠(yuǎn)?
6. how many意為“多少”,用來(lái)對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)。例如:
How many apples are there in the box?箱子里有多少蘋果?
How many pens have you got?你有多少支鋼筆?
7. how heavy意為“多重”,用來(lái)對(duì)重量進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。例如:
—How heavy is the stone?這塊石頭有多重?
—Two kilos. 兩公斤。
8. how tall/high意為“多高”,用來(lái)對(duì)人、物的高度進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。 tall指人、樹木、建筑物等與寬度相比高度特別突出的物體。 high指其他物體的高度。例如:
How tall is the building?那棟樓有多高?
How high is the wall?這堵墻有多高?
9. how big/large意為“多大,多少”,用來(lái)對(duì)人或物之“大”進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。例如:
How big is the photo?那張照片有多大?
How large is the country in area?這個(gè)國(guó)家的面積有多大?
10. how often意為“多久一次”,可以用來(lái)對(duì)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率/頻度進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。例如:
How often do you visit your grandfather?你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間去看一次你爺爺?
How often do the buses run?公共汽車多久有一班?
11. How about意為“……怎么樣,……怎么辦”,相當(dāng)于What about,用來(lái)征求對(duì)方的意思或打聽消息。例如:
How/What about a drink?喝杯酒怎么樣(好嗎)?
How about going to France for our holidays?我們到法國(guó)去度假如何?
練習(xí):根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)句子,用適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z(yǔ)單詞或短語(yǔ)填空,完成英語(yǔ)句子。
1.____ is he?他有多大年紀(jì)了?
2.____ do you go there?你多久去那里一次?
3.____ computers are there in your school?你們學(xué)校有多少臺(tái)電腦?
4.____ water do you want?你要多少水?
5.____ dirty the house is! 這房屋多么臟?。?/p>
6.____ is your grandmother?你祖母身體好嗎?
7.____ going for a walk?去散散步怎么樣?
8.____ do you find your new job?你覺(jué)得你的新工作怎樣?
9. —____ will the film last?這部電影要放多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?
—It is an hour long. 有一個(gè)鐘頭之久。
10.____ are these tomatoes?這些西紅柿有多重?
11.____ is it from your house to the school?從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?
12.____ will you be back?你多久之后回來(lái)?
13.____ is the room?這個(gè)房間有多大?
14.____ is Li Ping?李平個(gè)子有多高?
15.____ is Mt Qomolangma?珠穆朗瑪峰有多高?
Key:
1. How old 2. How often 3. How many 4. How much 5. How__
6. How 7. How about 8. How 9. How long 10. How heavy
11. How far 12. How soon 13. How big 14. How tall 15. How high
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2008年6期