姜琰琰
“補全對話”又稱為“情景對話”。中考英語中常見的題型有: 1. 填單詞補全對話; 2. 填寫句子補全對話; 3. 選句子補全對話; 4. 選單詞補全對話; 5. 對話排序。
現(xiàn)在各地多采用第1種和第2種“非選擇式”的主觀題型,但也有些省市采用第3種“選擇式”的客觀題型。因此,本文著重介紹做上述這些題型的題目時應(yīng)采用的一些方法。
一、“補全對話”的解題方法
1. 確定對話的情景類型
帶著空格快速默讀對話,根據(jù)對話所給的信息確定對話的情景類型。
2. 理順關(guān)系,各個突破
了解了對話發(fā)生的情景之后,要在頭腦中迅速聯(lián)想起相關(guān)的習(xí)慣表達。答題時應(yīng)注意理順上下文的關(guān)系,利用已知信息推斷出正確答案。考生可以把有把握的空格先填好,沒把握的暫時放下不管。然后再回過頭來考慮那些暫時填不上的空格,這樣才能各個擊破。
3. 正確書寫,從容答題
答題時應(yīng)注意單詞的正確拼寫、時態(tài)的正確運用和句子的習(xí)慣表達等。書寫應(yīng)工整、規(guī)范,不潦草。
4. 通讀全文,核對答案
不管做哪種類型的“補全對話”題,通讀全文,核對答案這一環(huán)節(jié)都必不可少。因為考生在做題的過程中難免會出現(xiàn)一些失誤,堅持最后檢查這一步,就能及時糾正錯誤。
二、“補全對話”實例講解
1. 填空型“補全對話”
這屬于日常交際對話中的主觀題型。它要求考生根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容在空白處填寫適當(dāng)?shù)脑捳Z(填寫的可能是一個句子,也可能是一個短語或一個單詞),使對話意義完整并正確。答案不是唯一的。例如:
根據(jù)下面的對話情景,在每個空白處填上一個適當(dāng)?shù)木渥?,使對話的意義連貫、完整。
Assistant: Can I help you?
Li Lan:__1__.
Assistant: Here are some skirts for girls.__2__?
Li Lan: Its nice,but its too big for her,Im afraid.
Assistant: What about that one?
Li Lan:__3__. My daughter likes a lighter one.
Assistant: Here is one with lighter colour. Is it OK?
Li Lan: Yes,it looks nice.__4__?
Assistant: Its 120 yuan.
Li Lan: 120 yuan!__5__.
Assistant: Well,its a little dear. But I think its the nicest dress in our store.
Li Lan: OK,Ill take it.
[答案與解析]
通讀對話后可以判斷,此題考查的語境為“購物”。從下文可知,Li Lan想為她女兒買一條裙子。所以第1空可以填(Yes,) Id like/I want to buy/I want a skirt for my daughter等。根據(jù)Lilan的答語,我們可以看出,第2空是在問:“你覺得這條怎么樣?”因此,該空可以填How/What about this one或What do you think of this one/How do you like this one/How do you find this one等。根據(jù)第三空后面的“My daughter likes a lighter one”可知,Li Lan不喜歡營業(yè)員推薦的那條裙子的顏色,因此第3空可以填I(lǐng)ts (a little/a bit/a bit too/too) dark或I dont like its colour/It doesnt look nice等。根據(jù)下文營業(yè)員的答語可知,第4空是在問價格,該空可填How much is it/How much does it cost/What does it cost/Whats the price of it/How much shall I pay for it等。從下句營業(yè)員的答語我們可以看出,Li Lan認為“那條裙子有點貴”。因此,在第5空我們可以填I(lǐng)ts (too/a little/a bit/much too/a bit too) dear/expensive或Im afraid its (too/a little/a bit/much too/a bit too) dear/expensive等。
2. 選擇型“補全對話”
這個題型的特點是抽出情景對話中若干個問句或答句,然后把它們的順序打亂放在一個方框內(nèi),要求考生根據(jù)情景,聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容,將這些句子重新歸回原位,使對話意思完整。例如:
從方框中選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項完成下列對話。方框中有兩個選項是多余的。
M: Come in and sit down,please.
W: Thank you. Heres my personal information card.
M: Nice to meet you,Mrs Morgan.__1__
W: No,I havent,but its the kind of job Ive always wanted to do.
M: Really?__2__
W: Because I think it would give me an opportunity to develop the abilities(能力) I have learned in my job.
M:__3__
W: I worked in a bookstore.
M:__4__
W: Well,it was an interesting job,but I had a few arguments(爭論) with my boss.
M:__5__
W: He said he told me to type(打字) the letter for him and I didnt. He then got angry with me and said I was lying. But he just forgot it.
M: Oh,I see. I will talk with the manager about it and let you know later.
A. Whats your name,sir?
B. What were the arguments about?
C. Why are you interested in it?
D. Have you done this kind of work before?
E. Why did you leave?
F. What was your last job?
G. Why didnt you ask the man over there?
[答案與解析]
1. 由答語“No,I havent”可知,上文應(yīng)為一般疑問句。故該空應(yīng)填D。
2. 由答語解釋的原因我們可知,該空應(yīng)填C。
3. 由答語“I worked in a bookstore”我們可知,上文是問她以前在哪里工作。該空應(yīng)填F。
4. 根據(jù)答語的意思我們可知,他是在問她辭掉那份工作的原因。該空應(yīng)填E。
5. 由下文可知,此處是在問她與老板爭吵的原因。該空應(yīng)填B。
做“補全對話”選擇題時要注意以下幾點:
① 所補全的對話必須是上下文連貫一致,因而考生必須要全面考慮。不能僅看一個問句就選擇答案,或僅根據(jù)下文的答句就補全它的問句,這樣容易犯邏輯錯誤。
② 在做題前,考生應(yīng)注意試題前面有無中文或英文的背景提示。這些背景提示是確定話題內(nèi)容的重要提示,不可疏忽。
③ 在選擇過程中考生應(yīng)把已選出的選項劃去,以避免重復(fù)選擇。
④ 做題時要先易后難,一時難以確定的不要勉強先做,否則容易造成連鎖錯誤。
中學(xué)英語園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2008年5期