西牧林　馬云玲　韓　濱

宋克光，山東省廣饒縣一個(gè)地地道道的農(nóng)民，在家鄉(xiāng)卻頗有名氣。他16歲與呂劇結(jié)緣，23歲自己帶班子，憑著對(duì)呂劇的癡迷，23年帶著他的莊戶劇團(tuán)走遍了青島、淄博、濟(jì)南、濱州等地的30多個(gè)縣的村村落落。

一把琴，就是所有的樂(lè)器，兩個(gè)人就是一臺(tái)戲，沒(méi)有戲時(shí)自己寫，沒(méi)有演員時(shí)招人自己教，憑著對(duì)呂劇的熱愛(ài)，宋克光堅(jiān)守在自己的藝術(shù)世界。他曾在青島的街頭巷尾唱過(guò)，在淄博的村里擺過(guò)場(chǎng)子，也曾搭起高戲臺(tái)連唱7天，還曾為省里兩個(gè)音像出版社錄過(guò)唱片。一年數(shù)百場(chǎng)演出，無(wú)論是苦是樂(lè)，他只有一個(gè)信念，就是唱戲，唱呂劇。

出生在花官這個(gè)“呂劇窩子”里的宋克光，從小就是聽(tīng)著呂劇長(zhǎng)大的。28年來(lái)，宋克光與呂劇相伴，即使身上只剩下幾角錢時(shí)，他都沒(méi)有放棄過(guò)。2007年，他帶領(lǐng)的梨園劇團(tuán)在全國(guó)服務(wù)農(nóng)民服務(wù)基層文化建設(shè)工作中獲得先進(jìn)集體稱號(hào).這是山東省惟一獲此稱號(hào)的劇團(tuán)，也是全國(guó)獲此榮譽(yù)劇團(tuán)中惟一一個(gè)由地地道道的農(nóng)民創(chuàng)辦的劇團(tuán)。

從小就喜歡呂劇的宋克光走上演藝之路卻是一個(gè)巧合。上世紀(jì)80年代初，各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的文化站站長(zhǎng)都駐村，當(dāng)時(shí)花官文化站的駐村站長(zhǎng)劉汝璽就住在宋克光村里。1982年，劉站長(zhǎng)到惠民地區(qū)開(kāi)會(huì)，看了濱縣呂劇團(tuán)演的呂劇《一墻之隔》后，感覺(jué)非常好，便把戲本帶了回來(lái)物色演員排戲。當(dāng)村里的人找到正在地里干活的宋克光，告訴他劉站長(zhǎng)讓其回家唱戲時(shí)，宋克光高興得一路跑回了家。在當(dāng)年的匯報(bào)演出上，他們唱的這出戲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。從那以后，宋克光就算是真正開(kāi)始了他的唱戲生涯。他所在的戲團(tuán)也一時(shí)紅火起來(lái)。

1984年年底，花官的呂劇團(tuán)解散了，但迷上呂劇的宋克光不想就此退下戲臺(tái)。

1985年過(guò)了春節(jié)，他與原劇團(tuán)的其他兩名演員一商量，決定合伙成立樂(lè)安呂劇團(tuán)。隨后他們請(qǐng)來(lái)了從縣呂劇團(tuán)退休的崔茂芝老師，招聘了新的演員，于當(dāng)年陰歷的九月，帶著劇團(tuán)到濟(jì)南演出。由于演員大多學(xué)藝不精，在濟(jì)南待了2個(gè)月后，劇團(tuán)的開(kāi)支難以維持，最后以解散告終。

不死心的宋克光決定和妻子李元英、崔老師的女兒崔小鳳一塊到濟(jì)南去學(xué)藝，一學(xué)就是3個(gè)月。1987年過(guò)了春節(jié)，老藝人們因年齡大了不愿再出去唱戲，宋克光決定和妻子出去闖蕩。當(dāng)年農(nóng)歷正月十九，他攜妻子和16歲的妹妹，抱著剛出生9個(gè)月的女兒來(lái)到了青島，就在市場(chǎng)上、馬路邊拉開(kāi)場(chǎng)子，他拉琴妻子唱，妹妹看著女兒，一唱又是一年。

到了1988年，宋克光的劇團(tuán)有了9名成員。他們?cè)俅蝸?lái)到青島，“仍舊是擺地?cái)?，有?tīng)的就唱，一出戲有時(shí)收入1分錢，有時(shí)5分錢，給最多的是1毛錢，一天下來(lái)，能掙五塊多，周末人多時(shí)能掙到六七塊錢，就這樣在青島待了2年?！?/p>

1990年10月，宋克光受邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谧痛ǖ膹R會(huì)上唱幾天戲，由于報(bào)酬太低，回來(lái)的路上，全團(tuán)的費(fèi)用只剩下幾分錢，連回家的路費(fèi)都沒(méi)有了。這時(shí)的宋克光把心一橫，找了個(gè)農(nóng)家，和人家說(shuō)明清況，演員們洗了洗臉，化了化妝，就在村上的籃球場(chǎng)拉開(kāi)場(chǎng)子唱了起來(lái)，戲唱到一半時(shí)，已經(jīng)收入了80元錢了。

“這時(shí)來(lái)了一個(gè)人，叫我跟他走一趟。當(dāng)時(shí)年輕，心里很害怕，可看到劇團(tuán)這個(gè)樣，也管不了那么多了。當(dāng)時(shí)找我的是這個(gè)村黨支部書記，問(wèn)我是干什么的。我就實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō)。當(dāng)問(wèn)我一場(chǎng)戲多少錢時(shí)，我狠了狠心要了個(gè)150元一場(chǎng)?！弊詈?，村支部書記叫宋克光的劇團(tuán)唱兩天看看，如果唱得好，再介紹他到其他村里去唱。就這樣，他在淄川楊家鎮(zhèn)一唱就唱到了1996年。每天三場(chǎng)戲，那個(gè)鎮(zhèn)的每個(gè)村每家企業(yè)都留下了他們的足跡。

1996年下半年，團(tuán)里又有幾名老藝人年齡大了退出了，宋克光與妻子李元英貸款2000元，購(gòu)置了戲裝，并吸收當(dāng)?shù)氐膸酌麉蝿?ài)好者入股，組織起了十幾人的呂劇團(tuán)，起名叫“梨園劇團(tuán)”。作為劇團(tuán)的發(fā)起人，他自然擔(dān)任了團(tuán)長(zhǎng)這個(gè)重任。

當(dāng)年冬天，排練好17場(chǎng)戲后，他又重新回到淄博?？僧?dāng)?shù)厝苏f(shuō)，這戲不是原來(lái)的味。和宋克光熟悉的一位村書記說(shuō)：“水平太低了，如果以后還是這個(gè)水平就不要來(lái)了?！?/p>

羞愧難當(dāng)?shù)乃慰斯廪D(zhuǎn)身就走。他請(qǐng)來(lái)一位老藝人教那些新演員學(xué)戲，再回青島擺地?cái)?。就這樣，梨園劇團(tuán)在青島呆了一年，水平也提上去了。隨后他們又回到淄博，一直唱到1999年底。

2003年宋克光回到家鄉(xiāng)廣饒發(fā)展。山東文化音像出版社的人找到了宋克光，讓其為他們出錄唱片。年底，宋克光為山東文化音像出版社錄制了14出戲。2004年至2006年，梨園劇團(tuán)一行13人又應(yīng)齊魯音像出版社之邀，在山東省藝術(shù)館進(jìn)行演出，先后把《豆汁記》、《空棺記》、《雙釵記》等46出傳統(tǒng)戲，錄制成影碟并在全省出版發(fā)行。這批影碟在膠東、淄博、東營(yíng)等地音像市場(chǎng)十分暢銷。

現(xiàn)在宋克光又寫了20出新戲，今年打算再錄制成唱片。“不是為了錢，主要是想給劇團(tuán)的演員留個(gè)紀(jì)念，也希望有更多的人能聽(tīng)到這些傳統(tǒng)的戲?！?/p>

唱了近30年的宋克光已經(jīng)離不開(kāi)呂劇了。妻子李元英是他當(dāng)年招進(jìn)劇團(tuán)的演員。如今，夫妻兩個(gè)切磋共進(jìn)，在呂劇藝術(shù)中徜徉忘返。

Song Keguang is a farmer of Guangrao County, Shandong Province who is very famous in his hometown. At the age of 16, he started to learn the local Lu opera, which is popular in Shandong Province. At the age of 23, he established his own Lu opera troupe. Over the past 23 years, with his deep love for Lu opera, he has headed his troupe to give touring performances in 30 counties of such areas as Qingdao, Zibo, Jinan and Binzhou.

One single Huqin (a kind of the two-stringed musical instrument) was the only musical accompaniment Song Keguang used to have. Without any play script, he acted as the playwright himself. Without actors and actresses, he recruited fresh talent and taught them how to perform in the plays. With his deep love for Lu opera, Song Keguang lives in his own artistic world. He used to sing Lu opera at the streets of Qingdao and in the villages of Zibo. He used to sing on a stage for consecutive seven days. He used to record albums for two audio-video producers in Shandong Province. All the year around, he performed on the stage several hundreds of times. Whether encountering difficulties or experiencing happiness, all that he thought about was only singing Lu operas.

In the later half of 1996, Song Keguang and his wife bought costumes with a 2,000 yuan bank loan and recruited several Lu opera lovers as shareholders, thus establishing a Lu opera troupe comprised of around ten people, which was named the “Pear Orchard Troupe.” As the sponsor, Song Keguang naturally assumed the leadership of the troupe.

So far, Song Keguang has written 20 new play scripts and is planning to record new albums this year.

“Its not for money, I only wish to leave some commemorative things for the actors and actresses and wish that more people can listen to these traditional operas,” said he.

Singing Lu opera for nearly three decades, nowadays Song Keguang is inseparable from this art. His wife Li Yuanying is an actress he once recruited for the troupe. Nowadays, the couple is engaged in Lu opera performance together.

In 2007, the troupe Song Keyuan heads was granted the title of “Advanced collective in terms of serving the farmers and the serving the basic-level cultural building work nationwide,” which was the only troupe that was granted this honor as well as the only troupe run by farmers among the troupes granted this honor throughout the country.