段瑞敏
Unit 3
1. home, house, family
這三個(gè)詞均表示“家”之意,但它們的用法卻不同:
home指一個(gè)人出生和居住的地方,它不涉及家庭的組成成員,而強(qiáng)調(diào)人們所生長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境。例如:
I think Jim is at home. 我想吉姆今天在家。
home還可以用作副詞表示“在家、到家”等之意。如:
Lets go home. 咱們回家吧。
house側(cè)重于表示具體的建筑物,意為“家,房子”。例如:
My house is on the hill. 我的家在那座小山上。
family指由祖父母、父母、兄弟姐妹等各個(gè)家庭成員所組成的家庭,當(dāng)其表示家庭的各個(gè)成員時(shí)則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式;當(dāng)把family看作一個(gè)整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。例如:
Her family is a big one. 她家是一個(gè)大家庭。
His family are English. 他全家都是英國(guó)人。
鞏固精練:用family, home或house填空:
(1)She and her ____ are all in London(倫敦).
(2)Tom goes back ____ at 5:00 in the afternoon.
(3)Im in Beijing now, but my ____ is in Hangzhou and Ill(將) go ____ in a few days(幾天后).
(4)There are two big trees in front of our ____.
Key:(1)family (2)home (3)home/family, home (4)house
2. a, an, the
a, an和the都是冠詞, a, an是不定冠詞,the是定冠詞。
(1)不定冠詞a/an泛指某一個(gè)(類(lèi))人或物。其中a用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單數(shù)名詞前,an用在以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單數(shù)名詞前。例如:
a book一本書(shū)an apple一個(gè)蘋(píng)果
(2)有些單詞以輔音字母開(kāi)頭,但這個(gè)輔音字母不發(fā)音,這時(shí)要以單詞發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素為依據(jù)。例如:
an hour 一小時(shí) an honor一種榮譽(yù)
(3)有些單詞雖以輔音字母開(kāi)頭,但這個(gè)輔音字母的讀音是元音音素,其前要用an。例如:
an X-ray photograph 一張X光照片
(4)定冠詞the用于各類(lèi)名詞前,表示特指,具有“這、那”的意思。例如:
Open the window. 打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)。
The book on the bed is Marys. 床上那本書(shū)是瑪麗的。
鞏固精練:用a, an, the填空:
(1)Wang Tao is ____ girl, and Li Ming is a boy.
(2)This is ____ eraser, and that is a ruler.
(3)——Whats this? ——Its ____ notebook.
(4)Look at ____ cap. Its very nice.
Key:(1)a (2)an (3)a (4)the
3. desk, table
desk和table都可以作“桌子”解。desk指供讀書(shū)、寫(xiě)字、辦公用的桌子,一般帶抽屜;table則側(cè)重于指供吃飯、喝茶、游戲或其它用途的桌子,通常沒(méi)有抽屜。
Can you see the teachers desk? 你能看見(jiàn)老師的講桌嗎?
Our football is under the table. 我們的足球在桌子底下。
鞏固精練:用desk或table填空:
(1)The children are at the breakfast ____.
(2)He is reading at his ____.
(3)The boys are sitting at a round ____.
(4)The fine four-drawer ____ is mine.
Key:(1)table (2)desk (3)table (4)desk
Unit 4
4. take, bring
(1)take表示把某物或某人從說(shuō)話人處“帶到”或“拿到”別處去,常與to連用,有明顯的方向性。例如:
Can you take these books to the classroom?
你能把這些書(shū)拿到教室去嗎?
(2)bring指從另一處把某物“拿到”或把某人“帶到”說(shuō)話人處。例如:
Dont forget to bring the pictures to me. 別忘了把畫(huà)給我?guī)?lái)。
You must bring your homework to school tomorrow.
你明天必須把作業(yè)帶到學(xué)校。
鞏固精練:用take或bring填空:
(1)Please ____ me a new pencil.
(2)May I ____ this book home?
(3)Next time you come, ____ your daughter.
Key:(1)bring (2)take (3)bring
5. sport, game, play
sport 泛指各種形式的運(yùn)動(dòng)和戶(hù)外活動(dòng),可以是娛樂(lè)性的,也可是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的體育活動(dòng),指娛樂(lè)性或鍛煉性的體育活動(dòng)用作不可數(shù)名詞,指競(jìng)賽性體育活動(dòng)或體育項(xiàng)目時(shí)用作可數(shù)名詞。如:
He loves all kinds of sports. 他喜歡各種運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Playing football and running are sports. 踢足球和跑步是體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。
game(游戲、運(yùn)動(dòng)、比賽),指為娛樂(lè)或運(yùn)動(dòng)根據(jù)某種規(guī)則而進(jìn)行的體力或腦力的比賽,可在室內(nèi)或室外。指運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The Olympic Games are held every four years.
奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)每四年舉行一次。
Lets play a game of chess!我們來(lái)下一盤(pán)象棋吧!
play(玩耍、游戲),指心靈或體力的休閑活動(dòng),泛指無(wú)目的、無(wú)結(jié)果的消遣或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)。如:
His life is all work and no play. 他的生活只有工作沒(méi)有娛樂(lè)。
The children are playing with a ball. 孩子們?cè)谕媲颉?/p>
鞏固精練:用sport, game或play填空:
⑴Our team won(獲勝) the ____.
⑵Swimming is a healthful ____.
⑶Im tired. Its time for ____.
Key:⑴game ⑵sport ⑶play/game
6. everyday, every day
everyday是形容詞“日常的、普通的、每天的”,用作定語(yǔ)。如:
This is an everyday dress. 這是一套便服。
Lets begin with everyday English. 讓我們從日常英語(yǔ)開(kāi)始學(xué)起。
every day是名詞詞組“每天、天天”,有時(shí)也指“一天天地”,作狀語(yǔ)。如:
I read English every day. 我每天讀英語(yǔ)。
I do morning exercise every day.我每天做早操。
鞏固精練:用everyday或every day填空:
⑴I drink a bottle of milk ____.
⑵This is my ____ work.
⑶I go to work ____.
Key:⑴every day ⑵everyday ⑶every day
7. some, any
some用于肯定句,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,但在表示建議或請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中或想得到對(duì)方肯定回答時(shí),一般用some 而不用any。
any 多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。
鞏固精練:用some或any填空:
(1)Do you have ____ water? Im thirsty.
(2)Do you have ____ brothers and sisters?
Key:(1)some (2)any
8. in bed, on the bed
in bed表示因病臥床或躺在床上,短語(yǔ)中的bed不指具體的某張床,故其不加冠詞,in也不能改為on。例如:
Tom is ill in bed. 湯姆臥病在床。
on the/one?蒺s bed 表示“在某張/某人的床上”。例如:
Her skirt is on the bed. 她的裙子在那張床上(放著)。
鞏固精練:用in bed或on the bed填空:
(1)He is ____ with a cold (感冒).
(2)She saw (看見(jiàn)) a new red box ____ her ____.
(3)You?蒺re dirty (臟的). Don?蒺t lie (躺) ____ my ____.
Key:(1)in bed (2)on, bed (3)on, bed