繆 庭
許多英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法書都提到常用的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如:
表示“是”,“擁有”等動(dòng)詞:be, have, own, possess, consist, seem, mean等等。
感官動(dòng)詞:see, hear, find等等。
心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞:think, believe, know, understand等等。
情感動(dòng)詞:like, hate, want, desire等等。
因?yàn)檫M(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上有一定的短暫性,所以那些沒(méi)有明顯的開(kāi)始和結(jié)束界限的動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。但是,由于現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的使用非常頻繁,其表意功能已在原來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性的基礎(chǔ)上有了新的拓展。現(xiàn)就收集的一些范例,對(duì)通常不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊意義作簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)。
1. hope, think, want, wonder, forget, expect, suppose, pretend等詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示請(qǐng)求、愿望、詢問(wèn)時(shí),顯得更為禮貌、委婉。例如:
I was wanting to see you.我想找你。
I am hoping you would teach me Korean.我希望你教我韓語(yǔ)。
I was wondering if you could help me.不知你能否幫幫我的忙。
2. 用于進(jìn)行時(shí),詞義發(fā)生變化。例如:
The judge was hearing the case.法官正在審理這個(gè)案件。
She is minding her baby.她在照料孩子。
3. 用于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性或重復(fù)性動(dòng)作。例如:
The flights are arriving late practically every day this year.今年幾乎每天飛機(jī)都誤點(diǎn)。
You may be putting off your classmates by the expression on your face.你臉上那副表情會(huì)把你的那些同學(xué)們趕走的。
4. 用于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示漸漸進(jìn)行的過(guò)程。例如:
I am forgetting what I learned during those days.那些日子我所學(xué)的知識(shí)現(xiàn)在漸漸地忘了。
I am finding that the problem is much more complicated than I expected.我漸漸看出問(wèn)題比我所想像的要復(fù)雜得多。
5. 用于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)的情況。例如:
You are being witty tonight.你今晚倒很詼諧。
You are being foolish.你此刻很傻。
6. 與always, constantly, continually, forever等詞連用,表示反復(fù),帶有厭煩、贊揚(yáng)等感情色彩。例如:
He is constantly finding fault with the way his wife does her hair. 他總是挑剔他妻子梳的發(fā)型。
The patient is always imagining dangers that do not exist. 這病人老是想像那種不存在的危險(xiǎn)。
7. 用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可描寫景物,使被描述的靜態(tài)物產(chǎn)生動(dòng)態(tài)感,以期獲得生動(dòng)、直觀的效果。例如:
The river is constantly flowing into the sea. 此河不斷流入大海。
The television tower was shaking from the roughest winter storm in half a dozen years.電視塔在這來(lái)勢(shì)兇猛六年未遇的最強(qiáng)勁的冬季暴風(fēng)雪中瑟瑟顫抖。
8. 在口語(yǔ)中,進(jìn)行時(shí)用于說(shuō)明最近過(guò)去的事情。例如:
You dont believe it? You know I am telling the truth.你不信?你知道我剛才說(shuō)的都是真的。
I was hearing John had got a new job.我剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)約翰已經(jīng)找到了新工作。
9. 用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例如:
We are having guests tonight, but they are rather late. 今晚我們有客人,可到現(xiàn)在客人還沒(méi)來(lái)。