国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

Units6—7相似詞語辨析

2008-12-11 07:56張志榮
中學(xué)英語之友·高二版 2008年10期
關(guān)鍵詞:虛擬語氣及物動詞用法

張志榮

1.in the future, in future

(1)in the future將來,未來,eg:

He made up his mind to be a scientist in the future.

他下定決心將來當(dāng)一位科學(xué)家。

(2)in future從今以后,今后,eg:

In future, youll have to be more careful. 今后,你得更加小心。

2.possible, probable, likely

這些詞都用作形容詞,都表示“可能”。從詞義的角度上來看,它們的可能性由小到大的排序為possible, likely, probable。possible意為“有可能”,而likely與probable意為“很可能”。從用法角度上來看,它們既有共同的用法也有不同的用法。

(1)三者都可用于It is+possible /probable/likely+that主語從句中。eg:

Its possible that we might be a bit late. 我們可能會晚一會兒到。

It is probable that they will win the election. 他們很可能贏得大選。

(2)possible和likely后面都可以接動詞不定式,作表語的possible前面的主語必須是表物的名詞、代詞或者形式主語it,其后面可接“for sb. to do sth.”的動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu);而作表語的likely前面的主語既可是表人的也可以是表物的名詞或代詞,或形式主語it,但其后不能接“for sb. to do sth.”的動詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。eg:

It is entirely possible for us to finish the task ahead of time.

我們完全有可能提前完成任務(wù)。

Everything is possible.

什么事都有可能。

Are you likely to be out late tonight?今天晚上你可能在外邊呆很晚吧?

Do you think its likely to rain? 你認(rèn)為可能下雨嗎?

(3)三者都可用作前置定語,但如果名詞還受另一個最高級形容詞或only修飾時,possible作定語的位置既可以前置也可以后置。eg:

Whats a likely date for the next meeting?

下次會議可能是哪一天?

What is the likeliest time to find him at home?

他什么時候最可能在家里?

Its one of many possible answers. 它是許多可能的答案中的一個。

3.predict, forecast, foretell

(1)predict較正式,語氣較強,指根據(jù)自然定律斷定未來之事或從事實推斷,其準(zhǔn)確程度不一。eg:

predict success for the exploration 預(yù)言探險會成功

(2)forecast, predict同義,語氣較弱,指根據(jù)已知的發(fā)展進(jìn)程或?qū)砬闆r作出大概的預(yù)測,尤用于天氣預(yù)報。eg:

forecast the future預(yù)測未來

Snow has been forecasted for Sunday. 天氣預(yù)報說星期天會下雪。

(3)foretell 為一般用詞,可與 predict 換用,其主語可以是人或物。eg:

Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest. 瑞雪兆豐年。

Who can foretell what will happen in the year 2050? 誰能預(yù)料在2050年會發(fā)生什么?

4.contemporary, modern

(1)contemporary 當(dāng)代的,現(xiàn)代的,指現(xiàn)在這個時代存在或發(fā)生的事情,比modern所包括的時間要短的多。

a lecture on contemporary literature 一個關(guān)于當(dāng)代文學(xué)的演講

(2)modern近代的,現(xiàn)代的,指歷史的一個時代跨度很大,包括現(xiàn)代及剛過去的事物,可以是相當(dāng)長的時間,也可以是很短的時間。

Television is a modern invention. 電視為近代發(fā)明。

The furniture she has just bought is very modern.

她剛買的家具是很現(xiàn)代化的。

5.show, suggest, indicate

(1)show (showed, shown) 表明,證明;指示,指明。常指通過視覺給人的感受。eg:

She never shows her feelings.

她從不表露她的感情。

He was showing us his holiday photos.

他在給我們看他度假的照片。

(2)suggest 表明,暗示;建議。eg:

Her expression suggested that she was angry.

她的表情表明她生氣了。

I suggest bringing/that we bring the meeting to an end at once. 我建議立即結(jié)束會議。

(3)indicate 表明,說明,表示(有跡象表明)。eg:

His hesitation indicates unwillingness.他的猶豫不決表明他不愿意。

6.search, search for, search…for, in search of

(1)search用作及物動詞,后接賓語常為人、物或場所,意思是“在哪個地方或人身上搜尋或搜查”。

Weve searched the house from top to bottom.我們把屋子上上下下搜查。

They searched every part of the building.他們對全樓進(jìn)行了搜查了一遍。

They searched him but found nothing.

他們搜了他的身,但什么也沒找到。

(2)search for為及物動詞短語,常接尋找的對象,相當(dāng)于 look for,強調(diào)尋找的過程。

Liu Jun, now better, is searching for work everywhere.

劉軍,現(xiàn)在好了些,正在到處找工作。

(3)search…for… 意思是“在什么地方/人身上尋找某物”。eg:

The police searched the woods for the little girl.警察搜遍樹林尋找那個小女孩。

(4)in search of是一個介詞短語,表示“尋找”,在句中用作狀語,表示目的。在這個介詞短語中,search前不能有冠詞。eg:

They have been to many places in search of their lost child.

他們曾去過很多地方尋找丟失的孩子。

7.diet, food

(1)diet指的是習(xí)慣的飲食或規(guī)定的食物,特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物,如病人的療養(yǎng)飲食。eg:

This diet only allows you to eat fresh fruit.按照這份指定食譜,你只可以吃新鮮水果。

(2)food是一般用法,凡能吃喝的具有營養(yǎng)的東西都稱為food。food是不可數(shù)名詞,但在表示食品的種類時,可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg:

Too many sweet foods will make you fat.

太多的甜食會使你發(fā)胖。

8.cure, treat

(1)cure治療,治愈,強調(diào)治好疾病的結(jié)果,使病人恢復(fù)健康,有時可指突然的,戲劇性的痊愈。cure還可以指“矯正,糾正”,借喻指消除社會某種不良現(xiàn)象或個人惡習(xí)等。eg:

Radium is still used today for curing cancer. 如今仍用鐳來治癌。

The parents tried to cure the child of his bad habits. 父母親盡力糾正這個孩子的不良習(xí)慣。

(2)treat醫(yī)治,治療,強調(diào)治療的動作或治療的過程,不涉及治療的結(jié)果。treat還作“對待,看待”講。eg:

The doctors are trying their best to treat her with a new drug.

醫(yī)生們在試用一種新藥為她治病。

Which doctor is treating you for this trouble?

哪位醫(yī)生在給你治???

9.on the air, in the air

(1)on the air的意思是“播送”“廣播”??梢灾鸽娕_的播送,也可指電視在播送。eg:

The president will be on the air at nine this evening. 總統(tǒng)將在今晚九點鐘作電視演說。

(2)in the air在空中,(謠言等)在流行中;在傳播中;計劃等尚未決定。eg:

The little girl wanted to get the balloon floating high up in the air.那個小女孩想要拿到在高空中浮著的氣球。

There are rumours in the air that the president will resign.

有謠言說總統(tǒng)將會辭職。

Baseball is beginning to be in the air in China. 棒球運動開始在中國風(fēng)行起來了。

The plan for building a new hall is still in the air. 修建新大廳的計劃尚在醞釀之中。

10.cheat, fool

(1)cheat欺詐,欺瞞,騙取。主要指在營利的買賣中,或游戲競賽中欺騙人,騙取人的錢財?shù)取heat也作“作弊”用。

That shopkeeper cheats his customers. 那家店主欺騙顧客。

(2)fool愚弄,欺騙,指利用人缺乏常識、心力薄弱來欺騙人。eg:

You cant fool her; shes much too clever for that.

你愚弄不了她;她非常精明,不會上你的當(dāng)。

Dont fool him into doing that.

別誘騙他干那樣的事。

11.require, demand, request

(1)這三個動詞都有“要求,需要”之意,其含義和結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同。

demand主語是人時表示“堅決要求,堅持要做某事”;主語是物時指“迫切需要”。demand后可接名詞或代詞,動詞不定式及從句(從句用虛擬語氣,即謂語用should+動詞原形,其中的should可以省略)。eg:

The workers are demanding more money. 工人在要求加薪。

I demanded to know the truth. 我要求了解事實真相。

They demanded that he(should) be dismissed. 他們要求免他的職。

(2)require表示按照法規(guī)權(quán)利提出的要求或命令,含客觀需要之意。其句型有:require sth., require(of) sb. to do sth., require that-從句(從句用虛擬語氣), require doing(主動表被動),require to be done。eg:

This suggestion requires careful thought. 這項建議需要仔細(xì)考慮。

They required that we(should) get there before 9. 他們要求我們九點鐘以前到達(dá)那里。

Our classroom requires cleaning.=Our classroom requires to be cleaned. 我們的教室需要打掃。

(3)request意為“懇請,請求”,側(cè)重于指“通過正式手續(xù)提出要求”,其口氣和緩,態(tài)度謙虛,主要句型有request sth.(from/of sb.), request sb. to do sth.,request that-從句(從句用虛擬語氣,即謂語用should+動詞原形)。eg:

The judge requested silence.

法官要求肅靜。

Staff have requested that we(should) discuss this matter at the next meeting. 全體職員已要求我們在下次會議上討論此事。

Guests are requested not to use the pool after 5 oclock in the afternoon. 客人請勿于下午五時后使用游泳池。

12.after all, above all, in all

(1)after all畢竟,到底,放在句首時,含有“別忘了”的意思。放在句尾時有和剛開始的想法相反的意味。eg:

You cant expect him to understand. After all, hes only six years old. 你別指望他理解。別忘了,他才六歲。

(2)above all首先,最重要的=more than anything else, the most important of all。 eg:

Never waste anything, and above all, never waste time.

千萬不要浪費任何東西,而最重要的是千萬不要浪費時間。

For this job, you need to be reliable and you need to be good with people but, above all, you need a sense of humor. 這份工作要求你為人可靠,善于和人相處,但是最重要的是你要有幽默感。

(3)in all總共=in total=altogether。eg:

How many people were there in all at the party?

出席聚會的共有多少人?

13.route, course

(1)route著重指“路線、路途或常規(guī)/固定路線”,有時也指達(dá)到某一目的的“途徑、渠道”。eg:

Its not on the bus route. 這地方不在公共汽車的路線上。

the route to fame/power/success 成名的/獲得權(quán)力的/成功的途徑。

(2)course著重指“所經(jīng)之路、方向、做事情的過程/進(jìn)行/計劃/行動/做法”等。eg:

During the course of the flight we shall be serving drinks.

飛行途中將提供給我們飲料。

Our course is directly south.

我們的行進(jìn)方向是正南方。

14.collect, gather

這兩個動詞都可以表示“收集”“聚集”,但有幾點不同。

(1)作為及物動詞,它們的賓語是物,gather表示把分散的東西集中到一起;collect指精心地、有選擇地收集。eg:

I gathered a few roses. 我采了一些玫瑰花。

Scientists have been gathering information about the disease.

科學(xué)家一直在收集有關(guān)這種疾病的資料。

(2)當(dāng)賓語是人或動物時,通常用gather,這時這些人或動物都處于受支配狀況。eg:

The lecturer gathered his books and papers together.

講演的人把自己的書和論文收集起來。

(3)作為不及物動詞,這兩個詞可以換用。

A crowd soon gathered/collected round him.

一群人很快聚集在他周圍。

15.manage to do sth., try to do sth.

(1)manage to do sth.表示經(jīng)過努力獲得成功,設(shè)法做成了某事,相當(dāng)于succeed in doing sth.。eg:

Do you think well manage to finish the work by Friday?

你認(rèn)為到星期五我們可以完成這項工作嗎?

(2)try to do sth.意為“盡力或設(shè)法去做某事”,而結(jié)果如何,不得而知。eg:

Jim had a lot of homework, but he said he would try to finish it before bedtime. 吉姆有許多家庭作業(yè),但他說他將盡力在睡覺前完成。

16.die of, die from

二者均有“因……而死”“死于”之意,指“因疾病而死”時,可互換。但是,die of主要指由于饑餓、寒冷、年老或情感(如愛情、悲傷、羞愧、大笑等)等原因引起的死亡;die from一般指由于外因(如環(huán)境、受傷、事故等)造成的死亡。eg:

Many westerners die from/die of heart illnesses at an early age.

許多西方人因患心臟病而死得早。

The old lady died of old age.

這位老太太終享天年了。

Millions of poor people die of hunger and cold in the world every year. 每年世界上都有數(shù)百萬窮人死于饑餓,寒冷。

Mr Wang died from overwork.

王先生因操勞過度而死。

Careless drivers usually die from traffic accidents.魯莽的司機往往死于交通事故。

17.know, know of, know about

know意為“知道”“認(rèn)識”“熟悉”;know of意為“聽說過”“知道(有)……”;know about意為“了解”“知道……情況”。eg:

Do you know where she lives?

你知道她住在哪里嗎?

I know of only one factory that has closed down.

我聽說只有一家工廠倒閉了。

He didnt know about the meeting yesterday. 他不了解昨天的會議。

猜你喜歡
虛擬語氣及物動詞用法
“how many和how much”的用法知多少
特殊用法
白噪音的三種用法
淺談虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣考前指導(dǎo)
Swagger:氣場壓人
及物與不及物動詞的用法與區(qū)別
新目標(biāo)英語七年級(下)units?。薄稄?fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
happen“發(fā)生”的奧秘