崔建萍

《2009年江蘇高考說明》一書為任務(wù)型閱讀提供了兩種示例——表格式和樹狀式。題例中要求考生根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意:每空一詞。這種類型的題目主要考查學(xué)生的以下三個(gè)能力。

·捕捉信息能力:屬基礎(chǔ)題。

·組織信息能力:屬活用題。

·綜合概括信息能力:屬概括題,

答案的分布特征往往有如下幾種情況:

●直接用原文中的詞

●根據(jù)文中詞匯進(jìn)行變形或同義轉(zhuǎn)換

●根據(jù)文章的意思進(jìn)行推理和總結(jié)

這類新題型其實(shí)是對學(xué)生閱讀理解能力的另一種考查方法,要想做好這類題型,首先要訓(xùn)練兩種基本技能。

一、信息轉(zhuǎn)換技能

1.解題關(guān)鍵:在這個(gè)步驟中需要學(xué)生根據(jù)問題查找定位信息,加工分析并轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種表達(dá)方式。

2.常見的轉(zhuǎn)換方式

(1)另選其他詞來釋義

例如:

①James Michael became hooked on headphones his early teens and lost much of his hearing.James Michael lost much of his hearing due to being addicted to headphones.

②The rapidly aging population results from years of low or negative birthrates.Low birthrates bring about rapidly aging population.

③Malingers should understand clearly how computerized information systems work.Itsnecessary for managers to have a clear understanding of computerized informationsystems.

④In minutes,you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps.Within a short time,it lets us contact another person who has interest in common.

(2)同義詞、反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換

(3)句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換

例如:句意不變,注意詞形轉(zhuǎn)換

①However,the travel rush usually begins up to two weeks before that,and will last 40 days froni Jan.11 to Feb.19.How ever,the travel rush usually begins from Jan.11 to Feb.19.1asting 40 days.

②In place of a few financial control,managers can depend on computer-based in formation systems to control activities in every area of their company.

Managers can take corrective action timely to make changes depending/based on computer-based information systems.

③Gifted children may feel lonely or different because they do not know the children who share their interests.Gifted children may feel lonely or different,not knowing other children sharing their interests.

④other changes to the policy include the removing of the age restrictions and lowering of experience requirements.

There are other changes to the policy.The age restrictions are removed.and experience requirements are lowered.

(4)前綴和后綴轉(zhuǎn)換

(5)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

例如:根據(jù)句意,關(guān)注詞性的變化

ableunableabilityenabledisabled disability

①Unable to move,he had no choice but to lie there.

②The Internet is advancing rapidly,which enables us to have access to as much information aspossible.

③To the couples sadness,their first child was physically.disabled.

④It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.(2000全國卷)

differdifferencedifferentvaryvariousvariety

①Leaves are found on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly in size and shape.(2007上海)

②American English is significantly different from British English.

③He can absolutely tell the differences and similarities between the two paintings.

④Opinions on the issue vary from person to person.

⑤Varieties of products are offered to consumers to choose from.

二、信息歸納技能

1.解題關(guān)鍵:根據(jù)問題查找定位信息,并找出信息的共性。

2.歸納詞的特征:一般情況下這些詞應(yīng)具備以下特征,概括性(在最大程度上覆蓋欄內(nèi)信息),針對性(量體裁衣,大小適度)以及醒目性(簡潔,明了)

其次,在做題的過程中還應(yīng)掌握兩個(gè)基本步驟。

三、兩讀

1.速覽(scanning)--掌握主旨,帶著問題,找到文章對應(yīng)點(diǎn),確認(rèn)題型,分析整理歸納信息并且準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)信息。

2.細(xì)讀(detailed reading)——復(fù)讀文章,反復(fù)揣摩所填之詞是否符合文章內(nèi)容

四、兩審

1.審結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)

2.審語法運(yùn)用(tense,spelling,handwriting,single or plural noun,capital letter,agreement)最后,為了更好地做好任務(wù)型閱讀,平時(shí)要積累一些有效詞匯。

常見的一些概括性詞匯有:

(1)原因reason(for)cause(of)

(2)結(jié)果resulteffectconsequence

(3)目的aimpurposegoalintention

(4)觀點(diǎn)opinion viewattitude

(5)異同differences similarities

(6)優(yōu)劣advantages disadvantages strengths weaknesses benefits drawbacks

(7)總結(jié) conclusion summary

各類常見詞匯

(1)地點(diǎn)類place location address destination

(2)事件類event phenomenon theme content origin

(3)問題類problem issue topic chance challenge

(4)方法類way method approach solution means measure step

(5)建議類 suggestion advice tip suggest advise

(6)其他類behavior definition communication conscious aware harmonious