■ 益多

達賴挾洋自重必然失敗

■ 益多

借助外國勢力使所謂“西藏問題”國際化，對中國政府施加壓力，最終實現(xiàn)“西藏獨立”，這一圖謀貫穿十四世達賴喇嘛五十多年流亡生涯。近年來達賴更是想盡名目在國際上竄訪，乞求一些國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人接見。2010年2月18日，達賴不顧中國政府有關(guān)部門的嚴正警告，執(zhí)意竄美會見總統(tǒng)奧巴馬，蓄意破壞中美關(guān)系，并在會見后觍然聲稱“我有責(zé)任為600萬藏人代言”。但是達賴忘記了，歷史早就證明，西藏的前途從來是包括西藏各族群眾在內(nèi)的全中國人民說了算的，而不是他和幾個外國人說了算的。

所謂“西藏問題”是一個偽命題

西藏自古就是中國的一部分，根本不存在達賴集團和一些外國勢力所謂的“西藏問題”。所謂“西藏問題”是帝國主義為了侵略、瓜分和遏制中國而炮制出來的。1888年、1904年英國兩次武裝入侵西藏，但是由于西藏人民在全國人民支持下英勇反抗，使侵略者用武力把西藏從中國分裂出去的圖謀沒有得逞，外國勢力由此轉(zhuǎn)而在西藏地方統(tǒng)治集團上層培植“西藏獨立”的代理人。美國在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后直接插手西藏事務(wù)，干擾破壞中國統(tǒng)一和人民解放事業(yè)。西藏地方上層反動集團為了永遠維持政教合一的封建農(nóng)奴制度，不惜與外國勢力勾結(jié)，先是武力抗拒西藏和平解放，后是發(fā)動武裝叛亂反對民主改革。1954年，美國中央情報局在藏人中招募特工人員，送到關(guān)島、琉球、科羅拉多州等地訓(xùn)練，而后秘密送回國內(nèi)，通過邊境偷運、空投等方式給他們提供武器彈藥，進行分裂叛亂活動。1959年3月達賴集團叛亂失敗逃離西藏時，達賴身邊緊跟一名美國中央情報局無線電報務(wù)員，通過隨身攜帶的收發(fā)報機與外界保持緊密聯(lián)系，指引為達賴集團空投物資。

達賴跑到國外后，一直靠外國勢力供養(yǎng)。據(jù)美國解密檔案透露，僅1964年美國用在“西藏項目”上的開支就達166萬美元，包括：支持2100名“西藏游擊戰(zhàn)士”的費用，器材、運輸、裝置以及操作人員的培訓(xùn)費用，科羅拉多州秘密訓(xùn)練基地費用，西藏境內(nèi)的情報網(wǎng)費用，高級“西藏官員”的教育費用等。其中給達賴的津貼是18萬美元，而當(dāng)時美國總統(tǒng)的工資也不過10萬美元。如果沒有外國勢力這樣不惜血本，“西藏問題”當(dāng)時就煙消云散了。近些年來，一些外國勢力對達賴集團的經(jīng)濟扶持變得隱諱了些，但力度不減。即使在面對嚴重金融危機的情況下，美國政府2009財年預(yù)算為達賴集團專門列項，總金額仍達1680萬美元，比上年增長25%。此外還以形形色色的非政府組織、基金會名義以及邀請達賴“講經(jīng)”等方式為這個集團源源不斷地“輸血”。

美化、抬高達賴是一些外國勢力炒作“西藏問題”的又一重要手段。1989年國際形勢劇變之際，一項諾貝爾和平獎的桂冠被及時扣在達賴頭上，此后各類“榮譽”接踵而至。有了這些“光環(huán)”，一些國家的政要就有了與達賴見面的“理由”。一些國家議會更成為支持達賴的急先鋒，一些議員甚至不顧國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則和本國政府的立場，公開聲言支持“西藏獨立”。

在舊中國積貧積弱的年代，帝國主義和西藏地方分裂勢力尚且不能把西藏從中國分裂出去，在社會主義的中國日益發(fā)展壯大的今天，任何“藏獨”圖謀更無異于一場鬧劇。相反，它卻更加激發(fā)中國人民捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)、領(lǐng)土完整和民族尊嚴的決心。

達賴集團不具任何合法性

作為一些外國勢力對華戰(zhàn)略中的一枚棋子，達賴極力給自己的小集團披上合法性的外衣。達賴集團2008年散布的所謂“為全體藏人實現(xiàn)名符其實自治的建議”再次宣稱，“西藏流亡政府象征著西藏人民的利益和西藏人民的代表”。在這個“建議”被中國政府有關(guān)部門全面駁回之后，達賴集團又炮制了一份“闡釋”，聲稱“達賴喇嘛尊者作為西藏人民合法代表的地位，在任何時候都是不容置疑的”。其實達賴和所謂“流亡政府”是一回事，這個政府的英文全稱是“Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama”，翻譯過來就是“神圣的達賴喇嘛的西藏中央政府”。而事實是，這個“流亡政府”連同它的“政教首腦”達賴連半點合法性也不存在，僅僅是一個從事分裂祖國活動的、靠外國勢力養(yǎng)活的政治小集團。

1951年中央政府和原西藏地方政府簽訂關(guān)于和平解放西藏辦法的協(xié)議，即十七條協(xié)議。達賴本人專門致電中央表示，“西藏地方政府及藏族僧俗人民一致?lián)碜o，并在毛主席及中央人民政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下積極協(xié)助人民解放軍進藏部隊鞏固國防，驅(qū)逐帝國主義勢力出西藏，保衛(wèi)祖國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的統(tǒng)一”。由于十七條協(xié)議的簽訂，當(dāng)時以達賴喇嘛為首的西藏地方政府具有合法的性質(zhì)。

1959年3月10日，原西藏地方政府統(tǒng)治集團悍然發(fā)動武裝叛亂，以“西藏獨立國人民會議”名義宣布“西藏獨立”。達賴在逃竄途中于山南隆子縣宣布成立以他為首的“西藏臨時政府”，此后在外國又搞了一系列宣示“西藏獨立”的活動。3月28日，周恩來總理發(fā)布國務(wù)院命令，“查西藏地方政府多數(shù)噶倫和上層反動集團……撕毀關(guān)于和平解放西藏辦法的十七條協(xié)議……這種背叛祖國、破壞統(tǒng)一的行為，實為國法所不容”，“特決定自即日起，解散西藏地方政府，由西藏自治區(qū)籌備委員會行使西藏地方政府職權(quán)”。因此，原西藏地方政府早已被中央政府依法解散，叛逃到外國的人員糾合組成的所謂“西藏流亡政府”完全是違背西藏各族人民利益的，完全是違反中國法律的。1963年10月，所謂“西藏流亡政府”在印度公布了一個“西藏國憲法”，聲稱西藏是“獨立國家”，“西藏政府的主要職權(quán)由達賴喇嘛負責(zé)”。達賴撰寫的“西藏未來政體及憲法要旨”聲稱“西藏屬于中國的說法是不真實的”，要求“中國退出西藏”。這一切表明，這個非法的“政府”以“立法”形式與中國憲法和其他法律全面決裂與對立。1964年12月17日，國務(wù)院全體會議通過《關(guān)于撤銷達賴職務(wù)的決定》指出：“達賴在其1959年發(fā)動叛國的反革命武裝叛亂、逃亡國外后，組織流亡偽政府，公布偽憲法……這一切證明他早已自絕于祖國和人民”。

所以，無論是從人民利益的角度，還是從法理角度，代表西藏地方和西藏人民的，只能是中國中央政府及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的西藏自治區(qū)人民政府。達賴及其“流亡政府”沒有任何合法性，沒有任何資格代表西藏地方和西藏人民，世界上迄今也沒有任何國家承認這個“流亡政府”。任何外國政要以任何借口會見達賴，都是對這個以分裂中國為目的的非法政治組織的支持。美國總統(tǒng)此次同達賴會見，嚴重違背國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，違反中美三個聯(lián)合公報和《中美聯(lián)合聲明》確定的原則，違背美國政府多次重申的承認西藏是中國一部分、不支持“西藏獨立”的承諾，也完全違背當(dāng)年林肯總統(tǒng)廢除美國黑奴制度的進步精神。

達賴自認為是“印度之子”

當(dāng)一些外國勢力聲稱他們支持達賴是為了“保護西藏獨特的宗教、文化和語言特性”時，達賴本人究竟是不是藏人卻成為一個問題。

2009年3月31日，達賴在新德里對媒體聲稱：“我把自己稱作‘印度之子’。”11月22日在新德里一次國際會議上再次稱，“我在過去50年來，都是吃印度飯生活，因此我也就成了印度之子(I am a son

of India)”。2010年1月16日，達賴在古吉拉特邦“國際佛教會議”開幕式上說得更直白：“我是印度之子，這是無可質(zhì)疑的。在過去50年來，我一直靠著印度的食物生存著，而印度的自治給了我巨大的機會。由于這些原因，我將自己視為印度之子，也為此感到無比自豪。但我的父母是純藏人，因此外形上，我是一名藏人，而從精神上，我是一名印度人。我……已經(jīng)做好為上師印度提供一切服務(wù)的準(zhǔn)備?！?/p>

如果人們以為達賴此類言論只是心血來潮，那就錯了。2007年1月23日，達賴對印度媒體聲稱，“1914年西藏政府和英屬印度都承認了麥克馬洪線，根據(jù)當(dāng)時的條約，阿魯納恰爾邦成為印度的一部分”。2009年8月10日，達賴又對英國媒體說：“麥克馬洪地區(qū)確實有點復(fù)雜。盡管歷史上有不同的歸屬，1914年后，這些地區(qū)就屬于印度了”。所謂“流亡政府”要員也同聲響應(yīng)。達賴所說的“阿魯納恰爾邦”、“麥克馬洪地區(qū)”歷史上歸西藏地方政府管轄，面積達9萬多平方公里，有五世達賴喇嘛修建的寺廟，是六世達賴喇嘛的出生地，歷代中國政府從未承認過非法的“麥克馬洪線”。達賴一方面圖謀在中國版圖上建立歷史上從未存在、包括西藏和四省藏區(qū)在內(nèi)的“大藏區(qū)”，另一方面卻把祖宗之地拱手讓給外國，實屬數(shù)典忘祖，充分暴露了他企圖依靠外國勢力分裂中國的本質(zhì)。這樣一個人，有什么資格“代表西藏人民”，有什么資格談“西藏的宗教、文化、語言、人權(quán)”？這也從反面說明，中國中央政府要求達賴必須承認西藏自古以來是中國領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分，是完全正確和必要的。

2009年10月31日達賴在東京記者會上說，“中國政府把我看作一個麻煩制造者，所以我的職責(zé)就是去制造更多的麻煩”。達賴以為挑撥、破壞中國與有關(guān)國家的關(guān)系就可以起到對中央施壓的作用，這種行徑只會惡化同中央的關(guān)系，只會激起全國人民更強烈的反感，最終自己種下的苦果還得他自己嘗！

For more than 50 years, the 14th Dalai Lama has lived a life in exile devoted to the scheme of drawing on the support of foreign forces to internationalize the so-called Tibet question and put pressure on the Chinese government in order to ultimately achieve“Tibetan independence.” In recent years, the Dalai Lama has scurried around the world using every conceivable pretext to meet with state leaders. On February 18, 2010, he ignored the stern warning of Chinese government departments and went to the United States to meet with President Obama,purposely damaging China-US relations. In addition,he pompously declared, “I have the responsibility to speak for six million Tibetans.” However, he forgot that history long ago proved that the future of Tibet has always been determined by all the Chinese people including all the ethnic groups living in Tibet, and not by the Dalai Lama together with a handful of foreigners.

The so-called Tibet question is a pseudo-problem

Tibet has been a part of China since ancient times.The so-called Tibet question that the Dalai Lama and some foreign forces try to raise simply doesn’t exist. The so-called Tibet question was concocted by imperialists in order to invade, carve up and stymie China. Great Britain mounted an armed invasion of Tibet twice, in 1888 and 1904. However, both times the people of Tibet with the support of all Chinese people resisted bravely and foiled the attempt of the invaders to sever Tibet from China by military force.After that, foreign forces shifted their tactics and tried to cultivate advocates of “Tibetan independence”within Tibet's ruling circle to represent their interests.The United States directly meddled in Tibet affairs after World War II, interfering with and undermining China’s unity and the cause of the people’s liberation.Unfortunately, the reactionary clique in Tibet’s ruling class colluded with foreign forces fi rst by opposing the peaceful liberation of Tibet with armed force, and later by opposing democratic reforms by reactionary armed rebellion in order to perpetuate the system of feudal serfdom under which church and state were integrated.In 1954, the American CIA recruited operatives inTibet, whom they sent to Guam, the Ryukyu Islands and Colorado for training; after which the CIA secretly returned them to Tibet and supplied them with weapons and explosives smuggled over the border or delivered by airdrop to launch a rebellion to split the country. When the defeated Dalai Lama clique fled Tibet after the rebellion was quelled in March 1959,he was accompanied by a CIA radio operator who maintained secret contact with contacts abroad and arranged for supplies to be airdropped to the Dalai Lama clique.

Since the Dalai Lama fl ed abroad, he has always been totally dependent on foreign forces for support.Declassi fi ed American documents reveal that the US government spent $1.66 million on Tibet projects in 1964, including: support for 2,100 Tibetan guerilla fighters, equipping and training recruits and paying training staff, maintaining the secret training facility in Colorado, maintaining the CIA network in Tibet, and training high-level CIA managers of the Tibet operations. The Dalai Lama was also given an allowance of $180,000 at a time when the US president’s salary was only $100,000. If it weren’t for this lavish support, the “Tibet question” would have vanished like smoke then. In recent years, the foreign fi nancial supporters of the Dalai Lama clique have become more discreet but they haven’t lessened their level of support. Even when faced with the severe repercussions of the financial crisis, the US government gave the Dalai Lama clique $16.8 million in 2009, an increase of 25% over the previous year. In addition, all kinds of NGOs and foundations provide a steady flow of funds to the Dalai Lama clique in various ways such as paying the Dalai Lama large sums for speaking engagements.

Beautifying and elevating the Dalai Lama is another stratagem some foreign forces use to promote the “Tibet question.” The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the Dalai Lama in 1989 at the time the international situation was changing dramatically,and an endless stream of honors has been bestowed on him ever since. This “halo” provides a pretext for some political fi gures to be seen with the Dalai Lama.The parliaments of some countries are among his most avid supporters, and some of their members ignore the most basic principles of international relations and their own government’s position in openly advocating“Tibet independence.”

In the past when China was extremely weak and poor, imperialists abroad and separatist forces in Tibet could not split Tibet off from China. Today when socialist China is growing stronger by the day,any “Tibet independence” plot is nothing more than a farce. Quite the reverse, such plots in fl ame the fervor of the Chinese people to safeguard the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and natural honor.

The Dalai Lama clique is devoid of any legitimacy whatever

Being a chess piece in the anti-Chinese strategy of some foreign forces gives a cloak of legitimacy that the Dalai Lama throws over himself and his clique.In 2008, the Dalai Lama clique disseminated the socalled “proposal to make Tibet autonomous in the full sense of the word for the benefit of all Tibetan people” and again declared, “The Tibetan Government in Exile stands for the interests of the Tibetan people and is their representative.” After this proposal was completely rejected by the relevant bodies of the Chinese government, the Dalai Lama clique concocted a “clarification,” declaring “His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the legitimate representative of the Tibetan people, and this can never be called into doubt.” In fact, there is no distinction between the Dalai Lama and the so-called Tibetan Government in Exile. The full English name of this government is the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the DalaiLama. In fact, this government in exile and its head the Dalai Lama do not have a shred of legitimacy. It is only a small political clique that strives to split the motherland and subsidizes its existence by means of support from foreign forces.

In 1951, the central government and the former local government in Tibet signed the Seventeen-Article Agreement on a procedure for the peaceful liberation of Tibet. The Dalai Lama personally sent a telegram to the central government stating, “The Tibetan government and the monks and laymen of the Tibetan ethnic group all give their support, and under the leadership of Mao Zedong and the Central People’s Government will actively assist the People’s Liberation Army to enter Tibet and consolidate national defense, expel imperialist forces from Tibet,and safeguard the motherland’s sovereignty and unity.” Because he signed the Seventeen-Article Agreement, the Dalai Lama was the fi rst underwriter of the legitimacy of the Tibetan local government.

On March 10, 1959, armed rebellion flagrantly broke out in the ruling group of the former Tibetan local government, and the so-called Independent Tibet People’s Congress declared “Tibet’s independence.”The Dalai Lama fled, but he paused long enough in Lhtinze, Shannan, Tibet to declare that he was head of the “Provisional Tibetan Government,” after which he engaged in a series of “Tibetan independence”activities abroad. On March 28, Premier Zhou Enlai issued a State Council order stating, “A majority of of fi cials in the Tibetan local government and a highlevel reactionary group … tore up the Seventeen Article Agreement concerning the peaceful liberation of Tibet … this kind of action that betrays the country and subverts unity is not tolerated by state law”; and “It is hereby decided that the Tibetan local government be disbanded, and the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region shall exercise the functions of the Tibet local government.” Therefore, the former Tibetan local government was long ago disbanded by the central government in accordance with the law, and the so-called Tibetan Government in Exile by rebels who fl ed abroad is directly contrary to the interests of the Tibetan people and completely violates state law.In October 1963, the so-called Tibetan Government in Exile promulgated a “Tibetan Constitution” in India in which it was stated that Tibet is an independent country and the “functions of the government of Tibet are performed by the Dalai Lama.” “The future system of government and the main gist of the constitution of Tibet” the Dalai Lama wrote asserts that “The claim that Tibet belongs to China is false” and demanded that China withdraw from Tibet. All this proves that this form of illegal “government” and “l(fā)egislation”is completely divorced from and at odds with the Chinese constitution and other laws. On December 17,1964, a plenary session of the State Council passed the Resolution to Remove the Dalai Lama from His Post. The resolution stated, “The Dalai Lama betrayed the country by launching an anti-revolutionary armed rebellion and fl eeing the country in 1959, after which he organized a government in exile and promulgated a sham constitution. All this proves that he long ago severed his relations to the motherland and its people.”

Therefore, if we look at the situation from the perspective of the interests of the people from the legal standpoint, only the Chinese central government and the people’s government of the Tibet Autonomous Region under its leadership can be said to represent Tibet and its people. The Dalai Lama and his “government in exile” have no legal standing whatever and have absolutely no qualifications to represent Tibet and its people. There is no country on earth that recognizes this “government in exile.”Any foreign political fi gures who meet with the Dalai Lama under any pretext are thereby supporting this political organization whose purpose is to split China.The recent meeting the president of the United Stateshad with the Dalai Lama is a serious violation of the basic principles of international relations, violates the principles set forth in the three China-US Joint Communiqués, violates the acknowledgement the US government made on numerous occasions that Tibet is a part of China and its promise not to support “Tibet independence,” and completely violates the spirit of President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, in which he abolished slavery.

The Dalai Lama considers himself to be a “son of India”

While a number of foreign forces assert they support the Dalai Lama in order to “preserve the unique character of Tibetan religion, culture and language,” it is an open question which the Dalai Lama is actually Tibetan.

On March 31, 2009, the Dalai Lama told reporters in New Delhi, “I consider myself to be a son of India.”At an international conference on November 22 of the same year he repeated this assertion, saying, “I have lived in India for the past 50 years, and that makes me a son of India.” At the opening ceremony of an international conference on Buddhism in Gujarat on January 16, 2010, he stated this position even more directly: “I am a son of India. For the past 50 years, I have depended on India for my sustenance, and India’s autonomy has afforded me great opportunities. For these reasons, I consider myself a son of India, which makes me extremely proud. However, my parents are both pure Tibetan, so I am Tibetan in appearance. But in my heart, I am an Indian. I am fully prepared to serve India in any way I can.”

If anyone thinks these statements of the Dalai Lama’s are just impulsive expressions of feelings, they are wrong. On January 23, 2007, the Dalai Lama told Indian reporters, “In 1914 the Tibetan government and the British colonial government in India acknowledged the McMahon Line. According to the treaty signed at that time, Arunachal is a part of India.” The situation of the McMahon Territory really is complex. Even though it belonged to different countries at different times, since 1914, it has belonged to India.” The principal fi gures in the so-called government in exile all expressed the same view. The places the Dalai Lama refers to, Arunachal and the McMahon Territory,historically were under the jurisdiction of the Tibetan local government. They cover an area of more than 90,000 square kilometers, contain temples built by the 5th Dalai Lama, and are the birthplace of the 6th Dalai Lama. The Chinese government has never recognized the illegal McMahon Line. The Dalai Lama is attempting on the one hand to create a Greater Tibet that never existed comprised of Tibet and parts of four other provinces where the Tibetan ethnic group is in a majority, and on the other hand to hand his ancestral land to a foreign country on a silver platter. This distortion of his motherland’s history clearly reveals that his basic intent is to rely on foreign forces to split China. What right does this kind of person have to“represent the Tibetan people”? What qualifications does he have to talk about religion, culture, language and human rights in Tibet? Conversely, this shows that Chinese central government’s insistence that the Dalai Lama must acknowledge that Tibet has been an inseparable part of Chinese territory since antiquity is completely correct and necessary.

At a press conference in Tokyo on October 31,2009, the Dalai Lama said, “The Chinese government views me as a troublemaker, so my job is to create more trouble.” The Dalai Lama thinks that sowing discord and undermining relations between China and other countries can pressure our central government to deal with him, but all it does will worsen his relations with us and arouse the loathing of all Chinese people for him, so that in the end he will have to swallow the bitter pill of his own making.

THE DALAI LAMA’S ATTEMPT TO EXPAND HIS INFLUENCE THROUGH FOREIGN CONNECTIONS WILL CERTAINLY FAIL

■ Yi Duo