楊黎彬,黃勝雄,普建新*,李麗梅,趙勇
(1.西安醫(yī)學(xué)院藥學(xué)院,陜西西安710021;2.中科院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,云南昆明650204)
近年來(lái),本課題組從五味子科植物中分離得到了眾多結(jié)構(gòu)新穎的高氧化度三萜[1-5]。產(chǎn)自陜西秦嶺的東亞五味子Schisandra elongata(BI.)Baill.中化學(xué)成分尚未見(jiàn)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,本實(shí)驗(yàn)首次對(duì)其進(jìn)行了次生代謝產(chǎn)物研究,從中分離得到8個(gè)已知木脂素類(lèi)化合物schizantherin B(1)[6],tigloylgomisin P(2)[7],gomisin G(3)[7],gomisin M1(4)[8],gomisin K3(5)[9],epigomisin O(6)[10],gomisin J(7)[11],pre-gomisin(8)[12],從中沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)高氧化度的三萜。
1.1 藥材東亞五味子Schisandra elongata(BI.)Baill.于2005年6月采自陜西省秦嶺豐??冢芍袊?guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所李錫文研究員鑒定。植物標(biāo)本存放于昆明植物所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
1.2 儀器BruckerAM-400和DRX-500型核磁共振儀,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo);VG Autospec-3000質(zhì)譜儀;Agilent 1100 HPLC,色譜柱為ZorbaxSB-C18(Agilent,4.6 mm×250 mm,1 mL/min;9.4 mm×250 mm,3 mL/min),二極管陣列檢測(cè)器(DAD);Shimadazu LC-8A型制備HPLC,色譜柱為ShimadazuPRC-ODS(25 mL/min),單波長(zhǎng)紫外檢測(cè)器。
1.3 材料薄層硅膠板、柱層析硅膠均為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn);反相材料Lichroprep RP-18為Merk公司生產(chǎn);MCI GEL CHP20P(75~150 μm)日本Mitsubishi化學(xué)公司生產(chǎn);凝膠Sephadex LH-20為美國(guó)GE公司生產(chǎn)。
東亞五味子干燥莖(3.5 kg)粉碎后在室溫下70%丙酮浸提3次,每次5 d。合并提取液減壓濃縮至無(wú)丙酮后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇連續(xù)萃取3~4次,分別得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物。
乙酸乙酯提取物(70 g)用80~100目硅膠80 g拌樣后,500 g硅膠干法裝柱,石油醚-丙酮(15∶1~1∶1)進(jìn)行梯度洗脫,TLC檢測(cè)合并相同部分,得到8個(gè)部分:Ⅰ~Ⅷ。第Ⅳ部分[石油醚-丙酮(8∶1)部分]反復(fù)用正相硅膠柱層析、RP-18、Sephadex LH-20以及半制備HPLC得到化合物1(6 mg),2(11 mg),3(9 mg),4(12 mg),5(15 mg),6(8 mg)。第Ⅴ部分2.3 g[石油醚-丙酮(7∶1)部分]分離得到化合物7(35 mg)和8(15 mg)。
化合物1:不定形粉末。FAB MS:m/z513[M-H]-。1H-NMR(acetone-d6,500 MHz)δ:6.87(1H,s,H-4),5.73(1H,s,H-6),1.87(1H,m,H-8),2.32(1H,m,H-9α),2.06(1H,overlap,H-9β),6.47(1H,s,H-11),0.95(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,CH3-17),0.83(3H,d,J=6.9 Hz,CH3-18),3.45(3H,s,OCH3-1),5.93和5.98(2 H,s,OCH2O),3.79,3.81和3.87(各3H,s,OCH3-2,3,14),5.96(1H,overlap,H-3'),1.54(3H,s,CH3-4'),1.81(3H,dd,J=7.1,1.4 Hz,CH3-5');13C-NMR(acetone-d6,125 MHz)δ:152.8(s,C-1),135.9(s,C-2),152.7(s,C-3),112.3(d,C-4),133.8(s,C-5),81.2(d,C-6),72.2(s,C-7),37.7(d,C-8),38.0(t,C-9),135.3(s,C-10),102.7(d,C-11),149.7(s,C-12),142.5(s,C-13),142.9(s,C-14),122.7(s,C-15),124.6(s,C-16),18.3(q,C-17),14.9(q,C-18),57.2,58.7,60.5和60.8(q,4(OCH3),166.8(s,C-1'),128.9(s,C-2'),138.19(d,C-3'),20.3(q,C-4'),15.7(q,C-5')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[6]的化合物schizantherin B基本一致。
化合物2:不定形粉末。FABMS:m/z513[MH]-。1H-NMR(acetone-d6)δ:7.18(1H,s,H-4),5.70(1H,s,H-6),2.04(1H,overlap,H-8),2.39(1H,brd,J=13.6 Hz,H-9α),2.24(1H,overlap,H-9β),6.81(1H,s,H-11),1.33(1H,s,C-17),1.29(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,C-18),3.77(3H,s,OCH3-1),6.22(2H,s,OCH2O),3.96,4.02和4.06(各3H,s,OCH3-2,3,14),7.17(overlap,H-3'),2.04(s,CH3-4'),1.98(dd,J=7.1,1.4 Hz,CH3-5');13C-NMR(acetone-d6)δ:153.4(s,C-1),142.0(s,C-2),151.8(s,C-3),107.2(d,C-4),134.9(s,C-5),78.0(d,C-6),74.9(s,C-7),47.5(d,C-8),37.0(t,C-9),136.3(s,C-10),103.5(d,C-11),150.2(s,C-12),138.1(s,C-13),142.3(s,C-14),120.9(s,C-15),123.5(s,C-16),19.0(q,C-17),17.8(q,C-18),101.9(t,OCH2O),56.1,59.8,60.6和60.8(q,4×OCH3),166.6(s,C-1'),129.6(s,C-2'),137.8(d,C-3'),12.2(q,C-4'),14.3(q,C-5')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[7]的化合物tigloylgomisin P基本一致。
化合物3:無(wú)色晶體。FABMS:m/z535[MH]-。1H-NMR(acetone-d6)δ:6.92(1H,s,H-4),5.95(1H,s,H-6),2.15(1H,m,H-8),2.75(1H,dd,J=13.8,9.4 Hz,H-9α),2.28(1H,brd,J=13.8 Hz,H-9β),6.81(1H,s,H-11),1.23(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,CH3-17),1.33(3H,s,CH3-18),3.37(3H,s,OCH3-1),6.05和6.07(各1H,s,OCH2O),4.00(3H,s,OCH3-12),3.77(3H,s,OCH3-13),3.14(3H,s,OCH3-14),7.42(2H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-3'),7.35(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-4'),7.56(1H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-5');13C-NMR(acetone-d6)δ:151.6(s,C-1),137.5(s,C-2),148.4(s,C-3),107.7(d,C-4),131.4(s,C-5),85.6(d,C-6),72.9(s,C-7),43.3(d,C-8),37.3(t,C-9),138.1(s,C-10),108.6(d,C-11),154.4(s,C-12),140.8(s,C-13),142.0(s,C-14),122.9(s,C-15),123.5(s,C-16),19.2(q,C-17),29.2(q,C-18),101.7(t,OCH2O),60.9,60.7,58.6和57.8(q,4×OCH3),130.2(s,OCO-Ph),165.2(s,C-1'),130.2(d,C-2',C-6'),128.9(d,C-3',C-5').以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[7]的化合物gomisin G基本一致。
化合物4:黃色塊狀結(jié)晶。FABMS:m/z385[M-H]-。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:6.51(1H,s,H-4),2.58(1H,overlap,H-6a),2.54(1H,overlap,H-6b),1.89(1H,m,H-7),1.78(1H,m,H-8),2.04(1H,d,J=13.0 Hz,H-9a),2.25(1H,dd,J=9.0,13.0 Hz,H-9b),6.38(1H,s,H-11),0.75(3H,d,J=7.1 Hz,CH3-17),0.98(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,CH3-18),3.87,3.89,3.92(各3H,s,3×OCH3),5.72(s,-OH),5.93和5.96(各1H,s,OCH2O);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ:140.9(s,C-1),134.4(s,C-2),148.8(s,C-3),103.4(d,C-4),138.3(s,C-5),35.6(t,C-6),40.7(d,C-7),33.5(d,C-8),39.2(t,C-9),134.6(s,C-10),107.2(d,C-11),150.4(s,C-12),133.5(s,C-13),146.8(s,C-14),116.6(s,C-15),120.2(s,C-16),12.9(q,C-17),21.4(q,C-18),100.7(t,OCH2O),60.9,59.7,55.6(q,3×OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[8]的化合物gomisin M1基本一致。
化合物5:黃色結(jié)晶。FABMS:m/z401[MH]-。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:6.57(1H,s,H-4),2.48(1H,d,J=1.8,12.8 Hz,H-6α),2.06(1H,d,J=12.8 Hz,H-6β),1.90(1H,m,H-7),1.89(1H,m,H-8),2.26(1H,dd,J=9.6,13.6 Hz,H-9α),2.57(1H,dd,J=7.6,13.6 Hz,H-9β),6.37(1H,s,H-11),0.99(3H,d,J=7.1 Hz,17-CH3),0.74(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,18-CH3),3.92,3.90,3.88,3.87,3.63(各3 H,s,5×OCH3);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ:151.0(s,C-1),139.6(s,C-2),152.9(s,C-3),107.0(d,C-4),139.5(s,C-5),38.9(t,C-6),33.5(d,C-7),40.6(d,C-8),35.5(t,C-9),134.0(s,C-10),107.5(d,C-11),150.3(s,C-12),133.6(s,C-13),146.6(s,C-14),116.7(s,C-15),121.0(s,C-16),12.5(q,C-17),21.6(q,C-18),61.4,60.8,60.7,55.7,55.5(q,5×OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[9]的化合物gomisin K3基本一致。
化合物6:白色粉末。FABMS:m/z415[MH]-。1H-NMR(500Hz,acetone-d6)δ:7.00(1H,s,H-4),4.56(1H,brs,H-6),1.97(1H,overlap,H-7),1.92(1H,m,H-8),2.13(1H,m,H-9α),2.01(1H,overlap,H-9β),6.45(1H,s,H-11),1.00(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,CH3-17),0.69(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,CH3-18),3.54(3H,s,OCH3-1),5.93(2H,s,OCH2O),3.83,3.84和3.87(各3H,s,OCH3-2,3,14);13C-NMR(125Hz,acetone-d6)δ:151.0(s,C-1),140.5(s,C-2),152.1(s,C-3),106.2(d,C-4),136.5(s,C-5),73.3(d,C-6),42.4(d,C-7),39.2(d,C-8),34.6(t,C-9),137.8(s,C-10),102.8(d,C-11),149.0(s,C-12),134.4(s,C-13),140.7(s,C-14),119.5(s,C-15),121.2(s,C-16),21.9(q,C-17),7.7(q,C-18),100.8(t,OCH2O),60.9,60.6,59.2,55.9(q,4×OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[10]的化合物epigomisin O基本一致。
化合物7:不定形粉末。FABMS:m/z387[M-H]-。1H-NMR(500Hz,acetone-d6)δ:6.45(1H,s,H-4),2.41(1H,dd,J=13.5,7.8 Hz,H-6α),2.30(1H,brd,J=13.5 Hz,H-6β),1.63(1H,m,H-7),1.75(1H,m,H-8),2.10(1H,dd,J=12.8,10.0 Hz,H-9α),1.90(1H,overlap,H-9β),6.45(1H,s,H-11),0.84(3H,d,J=7.1 Hz,CH3-17),0.59(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,CH3-18),3.36(各3H,s,OCH3-1,14),3.68(各3H,s,OCH3-2,13),7.63和7.68(各1H,s,OH);13C-NMR(125Hz,acetone-d6)δ:150.9(s,C-1),140.4(s,C-2),152.2(s,C-3),114.7(d,C-4),135.0(s,C-5),39.5(t,C-6),42.1(d,C-7),34.7(d,C-8),35.8(t,C-9),139.3(s,C-10),111.4(d,C-11),152.1(s,C-12),139.5(s,C-13),149.7(s,C-14),122.0(s,C-15),123.0(s,C-16),21.9(q,C-17),12.9(q,C-18),60.1,60.1,60.9和60.9(q,4×OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[11]的化合物gomisin J基本一致。
化合物8:白色固體。FABMS:m/z389[MH]-。1H-NMR(400Hz,acetone-d6)δ:6.89(2H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-3,3'),6.55(2H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-5,5'),2.82(2H,dd,J=13.2,5.0 Hz,H-7a,7'a),2.33(2H,dd,J=13.2,9.6 Hz,H-7β,7'β),1.92(2H,m,H-8,8'),0.87(6H,d,J=6.5 Hz,CH3-9,9');13C-NMR(100Hz,acetone-d6)δ:138.4(s,C-1,1'),151.9(s,C-2,2'),104.8(d,C-3,3'),135.5(s,C-4,4'),111.3(d,C-5,5'),154.0(s,C-6,6'),39.3(t,C-7,7'),39.6(d,C-8,8'),16.5(q,C-9,9'),55.9,55.9,60.5和60.5(q,4×OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[12]的化合物pre-gomisin基本一致。
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