朱鳳娟

正月十五，杭州西湖文化廣場上懸掛著林林總總五彩繽紛的花燈，成為杭州元宵燈會觀賞勝地。杭州出版社就在廣場旁邊嶄新的大廈內(nèi)。筆者此次專訪的主人公是這里的董事長——徐海榮。他自籌資金，漂洋過海，將“中國文化”帶出國門，走上了世界一流大學(xué)——美國加州大學(xué)伯克利大講堂；他用一場場充滿智慧言語的真摯講演撥動了美國人渴望了解中國文化的心弦。到底是什么因緣讓他走上了“對外文化交流”的行者之路，這次跨洋傳播之旅有著怎樣的經(jīng)歷和收獲，又是什么樣的力量讓他如此堅定且執(zhí)著？

“我們中國是一個具有悠久歷史文化的國家，四大文明古國中，三個已經(jīng)湮沒無聞，只剩下一個中國。我覺得我們更有責(zé)任和義務(wù)來保護、發(fā)揚中國傳統(tǒng)文化。 ”

“我雖然是搞文化出版工作的，但是我覺得傳播中國文化是我們每個人義不容辭的責(zé)任。不是所有人都能站到伯克利的講臺上去的，我是幸運的。同時我也很珍惜這個機會，深感責(zé)任重大。我們出去都很自律，每天除了上課就窩在房間里備課，因為我出去不是代表個人，而是代表我們國家。 ”

采訪徐海榮是件輕松的事情，因為你無需擔(dān)心冷場。他口若懸河，思維敏捷，你拋出一個問題，他就開始滔滔不絕地講述。這種口才也許天生，也許是講課鍛煉的，但我更愿意把它歸功于心中的熱愛。只有心中沉淀了對中國文化深厚的真情，才有如此這般用之不竭的熱情。

不同于其他講述中國文化的方式，徐海榮另辟蹊徑，拋棄了一五一十，從三皇五帝開始的贅述，更沒有布道般的說教。在徐海榮的講演里，更多的是站在對方的角度，思考對方的需求?！拔覀儸F(xiàn)在提出中國文化走出去正逢其時，這一場金融危機讓人們明白，沒有哪個模式一定是正確的或者萬能的，每一種文化都有自己的優(yōu)點和缺點，世界人民應(yīng)該求同存異。所以我講中國文化，我講我們好的，也講不好的，我不妄自菲薄，也不驕傲自大，我以誠懇的態(tài)度與美國朋友交流，他們非常感興趣。”

2011年6月2日，“中國文化的特質(zhì)與價值”系列課程的第一堂課在伯克利大學(xué)赫斯特紀(jì)念館390教室開講，能夠容納180人的教室?guī)缀鯘M座。許多伯克利的美國本土學(xué)生以及來自歐洲和亞洲的國際學(xué)生、舊金山灣區(qū)的華裔社會公眾等

徐海榮在美國加州大學(xué)伯克利校區(qū)

Xu Hairong on the campus of UC Berkeley, USA

紛紛趕來聽課。在聽眾中，還出現(xiàn)了中國駐舊金山總領(lǐng)事館領(lǐng)事潘奇先生、舊金山華人僑領(lǐng)蔡實鼎先生、《世界日報》副總編古銑賢先生、伯克利大學(xué)知名教授MelvinPomerantz、GeorgeChang、圣荷西大學(xué)的Susana教授的身影。徐海榮說：“場面完全出乎我的意料，你知道這個教室比爾 ?蓋茨也來過，都沒有坐那么多人。而且這個是暑期課程，原本以為學(xué)生會更少，可是反而來了很多教授、專家。 ”

中國文化系列課程引發(fā)了舊金山灣區(qū)眾多人的強烈興趣。開課之前的6月1日，北美發(fā)行量及影響力均居第一位的華文報紙《世界日報》分別在“灣區(qū)綜合”、“工商版”刊出了相關(guān)報道。開課當(dāng)天，《世界日報》對主講人徐海榮進行了專訪，第二天，在“灣區(qū)綜合”版在頭條新聞的位置，以《談中華文化 徐海榮：像一口水井既深且沉》為題報道了開課的盛況以及整個系列課程的積極意義。

聽課者在課堂上踴躍提問。 An audience member puts a question to the lecturer.

“可以看到，西方人其實非?？释私庵袊?。文化是不斷發(fā)展的，轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展中的中華文化具有新的活力因素和價值指向。中國文化要走出去，重要的就是要向世人展現(xiàn)這樣的文化理念、精神風(fēng)貌和價值訴求。 ”2011年年底，徐海榮與美國教育學(xué)區(qū)主席洽談簽訂了協(xié)議，受邀在美國西部數(shù)所知名高校開設(shè)中國文化課程，并研發(fā)相關(guān)教材。徐海榮說，這條路他會一直走下去，接下來正在和哈佛、斯坦福、哥倫比亞等大學(xué)洽談，希望能到更多的大學(xué)里面去講述中國文化，尤其是影響西方年輕一代。

“現(xiàn)在由講稿整理成的書《中國文化的特質(zhì)與價值》已經(jīng)翻譯成英文出版，并成為了加州學(xué)區(qū)的中國文化教育的正式教材。整個系列課程分為十二大主題，內(nèi)容涵蓋中國的政治文化、企業(yè)文化、飲食文化、風(fēng)俗文化、禮儀文化、服飾文化、收藏文化、書畫文化、建筑文化、城市文化、鄉(xiāng)村文化、哲學(xué)文化等，旨在全景式地向美國名校的精英學(xué)子以及社會公眾介紹博大精深的中國文化。估計可以銷售到20萬冊左右。 ”對于未來，徐海榮信心滿滿，目前已經(jīng)策劃下一步推動文化走出去的路徑：前期，自籌資金，在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)在美國高校捐助中國文化獎學(xué)金，用于獎勵中國文化學(xué)得好的學(xué)生，同時籌備建立中國文化基金會，用于中國文化在國外的傳播普及項目，還將適時在美國知名高校內(nèi)設(shè)立中國國學(xué)院。

站在徐海榮辦公室的窗口，一眼就能望見靜靜流淌著的千年古運河，河水盈盈，仿若進入了輕舟如梭、柔櫓如夢的歷史記憶中。整個采訪斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，因為徐海榮實在是太忙了，一邊是杭州出版社的頭把手，大事小事都要管，一邊是“中國文化走出去”的行者，整理書稿，聯(lián)系海外院校，忙得不可開交。問及累不累，他說：“累啊，真的是挺累的……”然后停頓了一下，又說：“我在美國講課遇到一個學(xué)生說很喜歡中國文化，將來想當(dāng)一名外交官到中國來。我說，那很好啊，要是有什么可以幫忙我一定鼎力相助，哈哈

……”筆者還沒反應(yīng)過來，氣氛已經(jīng)又再度輕松起來了。就是這么一種歷史使命感，像一道光，指引著他永遠充滿希望向前邁進；就是這么一種文化責(zé)任感，像一股推力，給他精神甚至體力上的營養(yǎng)和支撐。我們也希望這一位“中外文化交流”的行者走得更遠，走進更多西方人的文化世界里……

伯克利講堂提問摘錄——

國外聽眾問：聽了您的課后我才知道，多子多福是中國人的傳統(tǒng)理念，為什么你們的政府還要實行“計劃生育”的政策呢？

徐海榮：多子多福是千百年來中國人的一個傳統(tǒng)觀念，也是舊中國缺乏社會保障體系的背景下“養(yǎng)兒防老”的一項切實措施。中國為什么會占有世界上五分之一的人口呢?這與中國人的傳統(tǒng)思維有關(guān)。新中國成立后，時代變了，社會保障體系不斷健全、加強，政府推行計劃生育，利國利民，因為中國人口眾多，財力有限，資源有限，不僅中國不堪重負，而且地球也會不堪重負。我認為中國實行計劃生育，這是中國勇于承擔(dān)世界責(zé)任的一個表現(xiàn)。

國外聽眾問：教授，謙虛、節(jié)制是君子的品質(zhì)，為什么你們很多中國人會浮夸、大吃大喝、揮霍無度呢？

徐海榮：君子是中國人一生追求的終極目標(biāo)，而您所說的浮夸、大吃大喝、揮霍無度只是一些人的行為，并非君子所為。我們期許的君子之風(fēng)，是要對這個國家、社會乃至世界擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任，并為之做出奉獻的崇高風(fēng)尚。

鏈接：徐海榮，1956年1月生，漢族，浙江杭州人，研究員職稱。2004年10月加入民建?，F(xiàn)任杭州出版集團董事長、總編輯，民建中央文化委員會委員，浙江省政協(xié)委員，杭州市政協(xié)委員，中國古都學(xué)會副會長，浙江大學(xué)城市學(xué)院兼職教授。 □

Publisher Lectures at UC Berkeley

By Zhu Fengjuan

加州大學(xué)伯克利校區(qū)課堂場景。

A view of the lecture room at UC Berkeley

Xu Hairong, a preeminent scholar of culture based in Hangzhou, moderated a series of 12 lectures in University of California, Ber-keley from June 2 to July 12, 2011. Held at 390 Hearst Memorial Mining Building as summer sessions, the lectures was titled Chi-nese Culture: Characteristics and Values and attracted a lot of at-tention. It covered a diverse range of topics and interests on China. Each event was led by a visiting notable historian, professor, or an entrepreneur from China, and focused on an important aspect of Chinese culture. The lectures dealt with Chinese political culture, cooperate culture, custom, etiquette, clothing, collection culture, painting and calligraphy, architecture, city culture, village culture, philosophy culture.

On the Lantern Festival 2011, which falls on February 6, 2012,

I go to see Xu Hairong at his office in a brand-new office building

near downtown Wushan Square. Xu Hairong is president and editor-

in-chief of Hangzhou Press and a guest professor at City College of

Zhejiang University. I learn to my surprise that the lecture series is a program initiated and financed by Xu Hairong. Why does he go out of his way to promote Chinese culture over-seas? And why does he dedicate himself to the task of cultural dialogue between China and the rest of the world? I put the questions to him. He claims that he is duty-bound to pre-serve Chinese culture and promote cul-tural exchanges between east and west. He cherishes the opportunity to moderate the lecture series at UC Berkeley. He recalls that all the lecturers were highly motivated. During their stays there, they holed up in their rooms to prepare for the lectures. They believed that they spoke on behalf of China. The lectures were totally geared for foreign audiences. Speakers dropped the conventional way to start with legendary ancient emperors and to boast the excel-lence of Chinese culture. The lectures raised and answered questions that they

徐海榮與他的講課團隊，安然（左一）、尚佐文（左二）、陳禹安（右一）

Xu Hairong and his team of lecturers: An Ran (left 1), Shang Zuowen (left 2) and Chen Yuan (right 1)

believed would interest the audience. One point the lectures empha-

sized was that the current financial crisis gave people a new angle

to understand that there was no single way for social and economic

prosperity, that each culture had its strengths and flaws and that the

world should seek the common ground while accepting the existing differences. The lectures were well balanced between the strength and weakness of the Chinese culture. “We did not demean ourselves nor did we boast. Sincerity was the signature of all these lectures and the American audience responded warmly,” he recalls.

Xu recalls his first lecture on the afternoon of June 2, 2011. The lecture room can seat 180 people. That day, it was almost full. Among the audience were Professor Melvin Pomerantz, Professor George Chang, and Professor Susanan of San Jose State Univer-sity, students as well as residents from Chinese community of San

伯克利大學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站發(fā)布徐海榮簡介及開設(shè)“中國文化的特質(zhì)與價值”系列課程信息。

This webpage at UC Berkeley website introduces Xu Hairong and his Chinese lecture series titled “Chinese Culture: Characteristics and Value”.

Francisco Bay area. Xu was amazed by the attendance. He learned that Bill Gates gave a lecture in the same room, but the Microsoft founding father had not attracted so many people.

Xu comments that the West has a yearning for knowing China better. He points out that Chinese culture now features new vital-ity and value and that Chinese culture, if it is to go international, should show its concept, spirit and value.

The lecture series in the summer of 2011 has opened the door for further cultural exchange events. At the end of 2011, he signed a contract to offer more lecture series on Chinese culture at some prestigious universities and colleges in Americas West. A series of textbooks will be developed. Xu Hairong says he hopes to offer lectures on Chinese culture at Harvard, Stanford and Columbia uni-versities.

Xu says that the 12 lectures are now translated into English and adopted as a textbook on Chinese culture for schools in California. He estimates that the book is go-ing to sell 200,000 copies. His plan for the future is more ambi-tious: he is going to raise some money and set up a Chinese cul-ture scholarship in some American universities for students who do well in learning Chinese culture.

Xu Hairong is rather busy. The interview is interrupted several times when he stops to deal with his paperwork. He thinks it is his mission to promote Chinese culture. The mission gives him energy and vigor, pushing him forward. I hope that he will go far carrying Chinese culture all over the world. □

2011年6月6日，徐海榮接受KTFS26電視臺主持人海翔的采訪。圖為直播室現(xiàn)場。

Xu Hairong is interviewed on June 6, 2011 at KTFS26. This was a view of the interview at the broadcast-ing room.

長陳毅。他就在緊急會議上動員說： “人人都要做保衛(wèi)工作，我也是總理的警衛(wèi)員，大家都是總理的警衛(wèi)員。 ”東道國政府也對會議的安全作了特殊布置。蘇加諾總統(tǒng)指示萬隆所在的第三軍區(qū)加強警力警戒外圍，對國民黨暗殺團的成員進行臨時性拘留，特別指派一名精明強干的陸軍上尉作為周恩來的安全副官，另派5名警察作為隨身護衛(wèi)，有7輛摩托車作現(xiàn)場警衛(wèi)。黃鎮(zhèn)大使特別關(guān)照錢嗣杰等近身人員要時時處處保護總理安全。從那時起，錢嗣杰繃緊了所有神經(jīng)，提高了警惕，以防萬一。每次開會前就如同往日打仗一樣，都要事先觀察地形，了解會場的一切設(shè)施和環(huán)境，一是保證能找到最佳位置，攝到理想鏡頭；二是要防止每一個死角，以免讓敵人的陰謀得逞。錢嗣杰親眼看到總理在大會期間日日夜夜緊張忙碌地拜見和會見各國代表團長；在會上發(fā)言表態(tài)，以對付那些明里的進攻或暗中的誹謗。在蘇加諾總統(tǒng)發(fā)表長達50分鐘的開幕詞《讓新亞洲和新非洲誕生吧》之后，會上的發(fā)言果然出現(xiàn)了某些不和諧的聲音。此時，如果一味進行針鋒相對的口水戰(zhàn)，就會使會議步入歧途。作為一個大國，中國代表的一言一行都可能導(dǎo)致會議的成敗。所以，中國自始至終堅持“求同存異”的原則，決不使會議偏離方向。

4月19日下午2點，悶熱的天氣，瞬間變得涼爽。當(dāng)中國代

錢嗣杰與劉茂儉在北京八寶山“參加亞非會議的死難烈士公墓”沉痛憑吊后留影。

Qian Sijie and Liu Maojian pose for a photo after they mourn at the monument in commemoration of martyrs who were members of Chinese delegation of Bandung Conference and died in Kashmir-Princess Incident.

表團團長周恩來在雷鳴般的掌聲中走上講臺的時候，人們不禁帶著崇敬的眼光目睹這位傳奇式的人物。周總理身穿淺色的中山裝，風(fēng)度翩翩地開始作大會發(fā)言。他沒有按照發(fā)言稿照本宣讀，也沒有如人們想象的那樣回擊那些持不同政見者的發(fā)言，而是審時度勢開宗明義地說：“中國代表團是來求團結(jié)而不是來吵架的，中國代表團是來求同而不是來立異的。 ”周恩來在接下來的演講中充分地闡述了和平共處五項原則。此時此刻，錢嗣杰發(fā)現(xiàn)進入會場的人越來越多，有的已經(jīng)站在椅子上了，即使會場炎熱擁擠，但大家還是全神貫注地聆聽周恩來的即席演講。最后，周恩來提高了嗓門，聲若洪鐘地總結(jié)說：“16萬萬亞非人民期待著我們的會議成功。全世界愿意和平的國家和人民期待著我們的會議能為擴大和平區(qū)域和建立集體和平有所貢獻。讓我們亞非國家團結(jié)起來，為亞非會議成功努力吧！ ”盡管周恩來的這篇主旨發(fā)言只有18分鐘，但它自始至終都牢牢地控制著整個會場的情緒，成為兩天以來會議的高潮。這篇演講使與會代表認識到了新中國同亞非國家友好合作的誠意，從而看清了新中國確實是奉行和平外交政策的。

大會準(zhǔn)許錢嗣杰拍攝的時間只有3分鐘，他心中懷著一個強烈的愿望：要緊緊地抓住這寶貴的3分鐘，把手中掌握的相機鏡頭不僅對準(zhǔn)主席臺，對準(zhǔn)各國與會代表，更要采取獨特的構(gòu)圖來定格歷史的瞬間。特別是要展示周恩來作為大國總理在大型國際會議上的獨特外交風(fēng)采，并使之成為歷史的經(jīng)典。錢嗣杰出色地完成了這次新聞拍攝任務(wù)，為世界影庫積累了大量寶貴的歷史資料。他無愧于中南海攝影師的光榮稱號。

在周恩來身邊工作的那段經(jīng)歷成為中南海攝影師錢嗣杰最為難忘的寶貴記憶。錢老說：“在我眼中，總理不是高官，倒像是一位慈愛的長者，沒有架子，充滿真情。無論什么活動，只要一結(jié)束，總理周圍肯定圍滿了記者，問新聞稿怎么寫，照片怎么發(fā)。有一天，總理對我說，小錢，你真是辛苦??！一句話簡直把我感動得都要掉眼淚了。我當(dāng)場激動地回答：‘有了總理這句話，就是苦死累死我也心甘。其實，您比誰都更忙更辛苦。 ”□

SPECIALS特別報道

By By Sun Guowei, our special reporter in Beijing

The other day I talked again with Qian Sijie (born in 1928), a retired photographer of Xinhua News Agency (Cultural Dialogue featured a story by the author on Qian in the January issue of 2012). Our talk focused on his assignment in 1955 to cover the Chinese delegation attending Asian-African Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia.

The assignment is unforgettable for two reasons. Qian was one of the 30 members of the Chinese delegation. So were Premier Zhou Enlai and Foreign Minister Chen Yi. The original plan was that the whole delegation including the news media members would fly to Jakarta, but the plan changed as the premier was to meet other state leaders at Rangoon first. Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi decided to go to Kunming and fly to Rangoon after a trial flight route between Kun-ming and Rangoon was successfully set up.

In early April, Qian and his colleague Liu Maojian, a decipher, arrived in Hong Kong to purchase supplies for the media group for the use in Bandung. While in Hong Kong, their schedule changed because Huang Zuomei, the director of Hong Kong branch of Xin-hua News Agency, instructed them to go with two messengers of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by ship. As the two messengers car-ried important diplomatic documents and gifts, they needed extra hands to make sure that they would arrive safely without anything to happen to them. The planned shopping task was reassigned and, somewhat reluctantly, Qian and Liu took a Netherland passenger ship and left Hong Kong for Indonesia.

On April 9, the air route between Kunming and Rangoon was

open. The premier and other Chinese leaders flew to Rangoon. On

the afternoon of June 11, Zhou Enlai got a call from Beijing, learn-ing that Kashmir-Princess, a chartered Indian plane, took off safely from Hong Kong. Around six oclock in the afternoon, another call came from Beijing saying that the contact with the plane had been lost and that there was news report that huge explosion had been heard over the South Sea. The third call from Beijing that night confirmed that the Kashmir-Princess had exploded shortly after it took off from Hong Kong. Some staff members of the Chinese delegation and Vietnamese delegation and 11 Chinese and foreign journalists on board were all killed.

After seven days and seven nights on the sea, Qian and Liu ar-rived at Jakarta on April 8 and reached Bandung on April 11. Had they been on the plane, they would have got killed. The three Xinhua News Agency colleagues killed in the explosion had been Qians friends. Shen Jiantu, senior by 13 years, was the press director of the Chi-nese negotiation delegation in Kaesong, Korea from 1951 to 1952. Li Ping, junior by 1 year, covered the issues of prisoners of war and

ceasefire negotiations in 1951 and 1953 twice. He had worked with

Qian. Huang Zuomei, who had headed the Hong Kong branch of Xinhua News Agency for six years, was man who changed Qians schedule in Hong Kong and accidentally saved his life. Huang was on the board too.

At Qingming Festival every year, Qian goes to Babaoshan Cem-etery in Beijing and mourns his colleagues at the group tomb for the Chinese victims that were killed in the incident. He has been doing so for decades.

This is the first part of Qians unforgettable experience as a mem-ber of the Chinese delegation for Bandung Conference.

The second part is about the conference itself. Qian as a veteran journalist had photographed wars, but this time the warring ex-perience was different. Premier Zhou arrived in Jakarta on April 16, 1955. He was warmly applauded. The security situation was serious. The United States, not a participating nation, sent a large