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CXCR4拮抗劑在腫瘤治療中的應(yīng)用

2012-08-15 00:44羅競紅郭芝剛
關(guān)鍵詞:細(xì)胞毒拮抗劑動(dòng)員

羅競紅,郭芝剛,曾 軍

(1.成都大學(xué)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)學(xué)院,四川成都 610106;2.廣州醫(yī)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)學(xué)院,廣東廣州 510182)

CXCR4拮抗劑在腫瘤治療中的應(yīng)用

羅競紅1,郭芝剛2,曾 軍2

(1.成都大學(xué)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)學(xué)院,四川成都 610106;2.廣州醫(yī)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)學(xué)院,廣東廣州 510182)

G蛋白偶聯(lián)趨化因子受體CXCR4在癌細(xì)胞表面廣泛表達(dá),癌細(xì)胞易轉(zhuǎn)移部位的基質(zhì)細(xì)胞組成型分泌CXCR4的配體——基質(zhì)細(xì)胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1/CXCL12),表達(dá)CXCR4的癌細(xì)胞在CXCR4/CXCL12軸的調(diào)控下沿CXCL12濃度梯度進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和歸巢,轉(zhuǎn)移的癌細(xì)胞在CXCL12作用下與基質(zhì)細(xì)胞緊密聯(lián)系而獲得藥物抗性.CXCR4的拮抗劑,比如AMD3100,T140類似物和本課題組開發(fā)的 SDF-1βP2G,能打斷癌細(xì)胞與基質(zhì)細(xì)胞的相互作用,動(dòng)員癌細(xì)胞離開對其具保護(hù)作用的微環(huán)境從而進(jìn)入血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng),使癌細(xì)胞對傳統(tǒng)藥物的敏感性增加.因此,靶向CXCR4/CXCL12軸的CXCR4拮抗劑聯(lián)合化療在探索腫瘤患者治療方面是一個(gè)新穎的,富有吸引力的方法.

CXCR4;拮抗劑;腫瘤治療

0 引 言

相關(guān)研究表明,CXCR4在各種腫瘤,比如肺癌、白血病、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌等,細(xì)胞中表達(dá).通常,表達(dá)CXCR4的腫瘤細(xì)胞在CXCR4/CXCL12軸的作用下遷徙,并歸巢到表達(dá)CXCL12的非惡性間質(zhì)細(xì)胞位點(diǎn).此提示,腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移受腫瘤細(xì)胞上表達(dá)的趨化因子受體以及在靶器官的配體所調(diào)控,腫瘤細(xì)胞利用這個(gè)機(jī)理進(jìn)入微環(huán)境[1-5].因此,使用CXCR4的拮抗劑靶向抑制CXCR4/CXCL12軸治療腫瘤有如下合理性:阻斷癌細(xì)胞與黏附基質(zhì)因相互作用而賦予生存和藥物抗性的信號;從組織位點(diǎn),比如骨髓,動(dòng)員腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)入血液,使之對傳統(tǒng)治療更敏感;封閉腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移過程中的腫瘤細(xì)胞遷徙和散播.

目前,在醫(yī)學(xué)臨床上利用CXCR4調(diào)節(jié)造血干細(xì)胞(HSCs)骨髓歸巢的原理基于使用CXCR4的拮抗劑AMD3100動(dòng)員HSCs進(jìn)入外周血,利于從外周血收集HSCs用于自體干細(xì)胞移植[6].同時(shí),臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)也證實(shí),AMD3100聯(lián)合G-CSF較單獨(dú)使用G-CSF能收集到更多的祖細(xì)胞[7].此外,CXCR4的多肽抑制劑TN14003也能單獨(dú)或者聯(lián)合G-CSF用于干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員[8].而在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中,本課題組開發(fā)的CXCR4特異性多肽拮抗劑SDF-1βP2G也能有效動(dòng)員造血干細(xì)胞.

1 CXCR4拮抗劑

最初,科研人員僅將CXCR4拮抗劑作為抗HIV感染的藥物進(jìn)行開發(fā).CXCR4最典型的拮抗劑有T140和它的類似物[9-10],AMD3100[11-12]和 ALX-4C[13].但當(dāng)時(shí)并不清楚其抗HIV感染的機(jī)理,直到發(fā)現(xiàn)CXCR4 T型HIV-1的共受體功能后,研究人員很快證實(shí)不同CXCR4拮抗劑特異性封閉CXCR4的原理[14-15].CXCR4非HIV相關(guān)功能研究在經(jīng)過十多年的發(fā)展后,其在HSCs動(dòng)員,癌癥治療,自身免疫疾病等方面的潛在用途逐漸涌現(xiàn).

通常,CXCR4拮抗劑可劃分為4類:小肽類CXCR4拮抗劑,非肽類 CXCR4拮抗劑,抗體及針對SDF-1進(jìn)行修飾的激動(dòng)劑和拮抗劑.

1.1 小肽類CXCR4拮抗劑

最初,研究人員在對天然來源的多肽進(jìn)行篩選以獲得抗HIV活性物質(zhì)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)小肽類CXCR4拮抗劑.其中,來源于鱟的自身防御肽,和鱟肽被發(fā)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)幕瘜W(xué)修飾后合成抗HIV的肽:T22[10],T134和T140[16].當(dāng)時(shí)研究人員認(rèn)為這些化合物具有抑制HIV-1 T細(xì)胞融合或者病毒去包被的功能[9],然而,直到發(fā)現(xiàn)T型HIV-1利用CXCR4作為共受體進(jìn)入CD4+T細(xì)胞時(shí)才闡明其抗HIV-1活性的精確機(jī)理并進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了T22特異性結(jié)合的CXCR4區(qū)域是HIV-1病毒進(jìn)入T細(xì)胞以及其配體CXCL12活化所需的關(guān)鍵域[17].在最初的所有合成肽中,T140被認(rèn)為是最具拮抗活性的CXCR4肽拮抗劑,但由于其C末端的Arg易被切割而缺乏血清穩(wěn)定性.對此,研究人員通過開發(fā)酰胺化的T140類似物來克服血清不穩(wěn)定性[18],進(jìn)而合成了TN14003和TC14012.進(jìn)一步的研究工作也證實(shí)了T140的結(jié)合區(qū)域在細(xì)胞外區(qū)域,處于CXCR4的疏水核心域,不同于CXCR4的非肽類拮抗劑AMD3100的結(jié)合域[19].

此外,大量體內(nèi)外臨床前實(shí)驗(yàn)研究證實(shí)了T140和它的類似物能有效封閉CXCR4,包括乳腺癌和黑色素瘤,內(nèi)風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎和干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員等動(dòng)物模型.同時(shí),科研人員還探索了這些制劑在急慢性白血病[20-22]、多發(fā)骨髓瘤[23]、小細(xì)胞肺癌[24]、黑色素瘤[25]、前列腺癌活性等[26].除了集中在疾病方面的研究外,T140及其類似物還被應(yīng)用于研究探索CXCR4在DC發(fā)育[27]和遷徙[28],B細(xì)胞歸巢,在淋巴組織中的生發(fā)中心位置[29]以及HSC歸巢等方面的功能[30].研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ALX40-4C是具有9個(gè)Arg殘基的多肽,通過末端保護(hù)和D-氨基酸加以穩(wěn)定,ALX40-4C是CXCR4的特異性拮抗劑[14],是第一個(gè)開展I和I/II期HIV臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的CXCR4拮抗劑.但由于其合成困難且缺乏有效性,且不能開發(fā)成口服制劑而停止開發(fā).

1.2 非肽類CXCR4拮抗劑

科研人員在上世紀(jì)90年代早期合成的一系列Biocyclams類化合物中,AMD3100最具抗HIV活性[12,31].AMD3100是一種特異性抑制CXCL12結(jié)合到CXCR4的拮抗劑,抑制CXCL12調(diào)節(jié)的鈣內(nèi)流、趨化和GTP結(jié)合,且不會(huì)與其他趨化因子受體產(chǎn)生交叉反應(yīng)[32].AMD3100的抗HIV活性僅限于X4-HIV-1株,在I/II期臨床試驗(yàn)中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)AMD3100能動(dòng)員志愿者和HIV感染者的各種造血細(xì)胞(包括CD34+HSCs)進(jìn)入血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng),而出現(xiàn)快速的、暫時(shí)的白血球增多.在HIV患者的另一組試驗(yàn)中,一位患者接受高劑量(160 ug/kg/h)的AMD3100治療后,雖然其病毒載量明顯降低,但對HIV感染的治療效果卻不明顯.因此,抗 HIV感染不再是AMD3100開發(fā)的發(fā)展方向,對此,研究人員探索使用AMD3100作為HSCs的動(dòng)員劑,一系列的臨床前和臨床試驗(yàn)證實(shí)了AMD3100單獨(dú)和聯(lián)合G-CSF,都能有效動(dòng)員HSCs[6,33-34].

目前,AMD070在臨床上用于抗HIV,是一種可口服的小分子非肽類CXCR4拮抗劑[35].此外,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)KRH-163是另外一種可口服的非肽類CXCR4拮抗劑,具有抑制X4-HIV-1感染的功能,能封閉CXCL12刺激的響應(yīng),比如鈣內(nèi)流[36].

1.3 CXCR4抗體

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),在體外使用CXCR4抗體中和CXCR4與其配體CXCL12間的相互作用能顯著抑制HIV感染和腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷徙[37-39],并發(fā)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)物模型中抗CXCR4或者CXCL12的抗體顯著抑制了非霍其金氏淋巴瘤、乳腺、肺和前列腺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移和進(jìn)展[40-43].單克隆抗體治療的獨(dú)特特征,包括高親和力和特異性,以及腫瘤細(xì)胞不同于正常細(xì)胞的靶向抗原表達(dá),使得抗體是癌癥免疫治療的有效制劑.研究人員使用一組CXCR4單克隆抗體,發(fā)現(xiàn)在原發(fā)性和轉(zhuǎn)化型T,B細(xì)胞,以及骨髓細(xì)胞間,CXCR4具有巨大的構(gòu)象異質(zhì)性[44].CXCR4構(gòu)象異質(zhì)性使得CXCR4抗體封閉CXCL12的趨化具有細(xì)胞依賴性.另外,在研究CXCR4的表達(dá)中使用最普遍的單克隆抗體——12G5,僅能識(shí)別分析的原代細(xì)胞中的一個(gè)亞群的CXCR4分子.因此,目前CXCR4在這些重要細(xì)胞類型中的濃度顯然被低估.這些響應(yīng)與CXCR4構(gòu)象改變的因素仍舊是未知的.然而,CXCR4通過N末端酪氨酸硫酸鹽和在18位絲氨酸軟骨素硫酸酯酶鏈進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄后修飾.這個(gè)現(xiàn)象部分上可以解釋:CXCR4在構(gòu)象,抗體的特異性和功能上不同的現(xiàn)象[45].甲基化方式的改變,多糖的新表達(dá)的,低表達(dá)或者過表達(dá)是癌的標(biāo)志,可能顯著地影響不同CXCR4拮抗劑活性的開發(fā).

此外,研究還證實(shí),CTCE-9908和CTCE-0214分別為帶有拮抗和促進(jìn)活性的CXCL12肽類似物,CTCE-9908在2個(gè)鼠的模型中體現(xiàn)出降低骨肉瘤細(xì)胞生長、粘附和癌細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散的活性.本課題組在實(shí)驗(yàn)室以人的SDF-1β基因?yàn)槟0?,將N末端第二位氨基酸殘基由脯氨酸突變成甘氨酸,研發(fā)出了一種CXCR4的特異性拮抗劑 ,SDF-1βP2G.現(xiàn)已證實(shí) ,SDF-1βP2G能有效拮抗CXCR4、動(dòng)員干細(xì)胞(EPCs)、單核細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞和中性粒細(xì)胞等從骨髓進(jìn)入外周血,促進(jìn)小鼠缺血下肢的血流恢復(fù)、血管再生和組織修復(fù),采用SDF-1βP2G聯(lián)合化療藥物能顯著延長SCLC移植瘤小鼠的生存率.

2 CXCR4拮抗劑的應(yīng)用

2.1 慢性淋巴白血病(CLL)

B-CLL是一個(gè)成熟的、抗原經(jīng)歷的B細(xì)胞白血病,CLL細(xì)胞在血液、骨髓和次級淋巴組織中累積.盡管它們在體內(nèi)有不同的生存期,但是體外培養(yǎng)分離的CLL細(xì)胞通常會(huì)經(jīng)歷自發(fā)的凋亡[37].CLL細(xì)胞表達(dá)高水平CXCR4[46-47],CLL細(xì)胞能以依賴CXCR4的方式自發(fā)地向分泌CXCL12的MSCs遷徙[46].基質(zhì)細(xì)胞、看護(hù)樣細(xì)胞,以及其他來源于單核細(xì)胞的基質(zhì)細(xì)胞以接觸的方式保護(hù)CLL細(xì)胞自發(fā)及藥物誘導(dǎo)凋亡.研究證實(shí),CXCR4拮抗劑能封閉CXCL12誘導(dǎo)的活化、遷徙和CLL細(xì)胞信號[20].同時(shí),CXCR4拮抗劑逆轉(zhuǎn)了基質(zhì)細(xì)胞對自發(fā)的或者氟達(dá)拉濱(fludarabine)誘導(dǎo)的CLL細(xì)胞凋亡的保護(hù),表明CXCR4拮抗劑在聯(lián)合靶向治療CLL上的潛在應(yīng)用.CLL高水平表達(dá)CXCR4是基質(zhì)細(xì)胞支持其生存所特別要求的,因此,CLL患者將對CXCR4拮抗劑的響應(yīng)特別敏感.CXCR4拮抗劑可能動(dòng)員CLL細(xì)胞進(jìn)入血液,在血液中,能增強(qiáng)CLL細(xì)胞被單克隆抗體或者細(xì)胞毒制劑攻擊的敏感性.

2.2 急性骨髓白血病(AML)

盡管AML通常對化療敏感,但大多患者由MRD所引起復(fù)發(fā)而使得AML的長期無病生存率仍然很低.骨髓被認(rèn)為是AML MRD的首要位點(diǎn),AML細(xì)胞通過與骨髓基質(zhì)黏附作用而免受細(xì)胞毒藥物的攻擊[48-50].研究表明,AML細(xì)胞與MSCs的黏附影響其生存和增值[51],MSCs在體內(nèi)外都能起保護(hù)AML細(xì)胞免受化療的作用[52].黏附分子(特別是VLA-4整合素)和趨化因子受體CXCR4是AML細(xì)胞黏附到基質(zhì)細(xì)胞所必須的[53],這種細(xì)胞黏附調(diào)節(jié)的藥物抗性(Cell Adhesion Mediated Drug Resistance,CAM-DR)能保護(hù)AML細(xì)胞自發(fā)性或藥物誘導(dǎo)的凋亡[52,54].CXCR4功能性的表達(dá)在AML膜表面[48,55],其響應(yīng)功能,如趨化[56],通常較淋巴細(xì)胞低.CXCR4和VLA4整合素共同調(diào)節(jié)了AML自發(fā)向MSCs遷徙[48],遷徙到基質(zhì)層的AML細(xì)胞增值能力下降.這表明,AML細(xì)胞表達(dá)的CXCR4趨向于富集非周期性的AML細(xì)胞亞群到基質(zhì)層,那些細(xì)胞可能對細(xì)胞毒處理不敏感,它們可能代表了作為MRD的休眠白血病祖細(xì)胞[57].CXCR4的功能解釋了為什么在AML細(xì)胞表面表達(dá)的CXCR4對AML具有如此深遠(yuǎn)的負(fù)面影響[58-60].目前,在臨床上應(yīng)用Plerixafor動(dòng)員AML從保護(hù)性的骨髓微環(huán)境進(jìn)入血液,在血液中,AML細(xì)胞能被傳統(tǒng)的細(xì)胞毒藥物所攻擊.

2.3 淋巴細(xì)胞白血病(ALL)

前體B急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病,是最普遍的兒童惡性病,在成人中是第二高發(fā)的急性白血病.由于白血病細(xì)胞的高流動(dòng)性特征,導(dǎo)致白血病細(xì)胞易滲透到延髓外.特別地,ALL細(xì)胞對延髓外ALL復(fù)發(fā)最常見中心神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)具有高親和力,在肝、脾和淋巴結(jié)也見ALL發(fā)生.這就可假定B-ALL細(xì)胞所對應(yīng)的正常前體B細(xì)胞在骨髓成熟期高度依賴于間質(zhì)微環(huán)境[61].研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),前體B細(xì)胞通過自身表達(dá)的CXCR4和分泌CXCL12的基質(zhì)細(xì)胞緊密聯(lián)系,BALL細(xì)胞表達(dá)功能性的CXCR4受體誘導(dǎo)白血病細(xì)胞向CXCL12趨化,自發(fā)性地以依賴于CXCR4和VLA4整合素的方式遷徙到分泌CXCL12的基質(zhì)細(xì)胞底部,ALL細(xì)胞上的CXCR4受體參與了白血病細(xì)胞歸巢到NOD/SCID鼠的骨髓,使用CXCR4特異性的受體拮抗劑封閉CXCR4阻斷了ALL細(xì)胞向CXCL12和MSCs的遷徙,一定程度上干擾了MSCs細(xì)胞對ALL細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒制劑的保護(hù)[62].

2.4 乳腺癌

CXCR4是首個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)在乳腺癌細(xì)胞上功能性表達(dá)的趨化因子受體[63].最初,CXCR4在乳腺癌細(xì)胞的主要功能被認(rèn)為是循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中CXCR4陽性的癌細(xì)胞靶向的、器官特異的轉(zhuǎn)移到表達(dá)CXCL12的靶器官,比如肺、肝、淋巴組織和骨髓[63].研究人員在動(dòng)物模型中,使用抗CXCR4抗體有效降低了局部和系統(tǒng)的乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移[63],并已證實(shí)CXCR4/CXCL12軸具有以下功能:乳腺癌細(xì)胞CXCR4的活化能促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(CXCL12的旁分泌功能);CXCL12通過招募內(nèi)皮祖細(xì)胞進(jìn)入腫瘤組織而形成腫瘤血管(CXCL12的內(nèi)分泌)[64],促進(jìn)腫瘤生長.基質(zhì)成纖維細(xì)胞組成型分泌CXCL12到腫瘤微環(huán)境[65],瘤細(xì)胞高水平表達(dá)CXCR4與乳腺癌患者較差的生存率相關(guān)[66].CXCL12對癌細(xì)胞的多種促腫瘤作用表明,CXCR4拮抗劑單獨(dú)或者聯(lián)合細(xì)胞毒藥物能夠降低那些可存在MRD的患者的復(fù)發(fā),增加惡性腫瘤患者對傳統(tǒng)藥物的響應(yīng)率.研究人員在乳腺癌動(dòng)物模型中使用T140[67]和Plerixafor[68]已經(jīng)顯示了預(yù)期的結(jié)果,證明CXCR4拮抗劑能開展在乳腺癌治療方面的應(yīng)用.

2.5 肺癌(SCLC)

小細(xì)胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)是一種侵襲性的、快速轉(zhuǎn)移的癌癥.患者即使聯(lián)合放化療處理,由于很快產(chǎn)生抗藥性,其5年生存率僅有5%.CXCR4是表達(dá)在原代SCLC細(xì)胞和SCLC細(xì)胞系的主要趨化因子受體[24].CXCR4的活化誘導(dǎo)了SCLC細(xì)胞的遷徙和侵襲響應(yīng),以CXCR4和整合素依賴的方式黏附到分泌CXCL12的基質(zhì)細(xì)胞[24].進(jìn)而,通過在SCLC細(xì)胞上的CXCR4信號誘導(dǎo)SCLC細(xì)胞上的整合素分子的活化和信號傳導(dǎo)[69].整合素調(diào)節(jié)SCLC細(xì)胞粘附到基質(zhì)細(xì)胞和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),從而保護(hù)SCLC細(xì)胞免受化療誘導(dǎo)的凋亡[69,70].總體上看,CXCR4協(xié)調(diào)SCLC細(xì)胞的整合素,調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞黏附到基質(zhì)細(xì)胞,反過來貢獻(xiàn)于藥物抗性和腫瘤生長,CXCR4可能調(diào)控了具有骨髓參與高趨向的SCLC患者的不同轉(zhuǎn)移模式.非小細(xì)胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的瘤細(xì)胞也表達(dá)CXCR4,但是水平比SCLC低[24].臨床上,肺癌患者對細(xì)胞毒化療的響應(yīng)非常短暫,特別是SCLC患者.本課題組的相關(guān)研究結(jié)果已證實(shí):在體外,CXCR4拮抗劑 SDF-1βP2G 能有效拮抗基質(zhì)細(xì)胞對SCLC細(xì)胞的化療保護(hù);在體內(nèi),采用SDF-1βP2G聯(lián)合依托泊苷的策略,能顯著延長SCLC移植瘤小鼠的存活時(shí)間.因此,使用CXCR4拮抗劑從SCLC保護(hù)性的微環(huán)境動(dòng)員癌細(xì)胞并聯(lián)合肺癌患者傳統(tǒng)化療手段是一種非常具有吸引力的方法.

3 CXCR4拮抗劑可能的副作用

持久或者長期對CXCR4/CXCL12軸進(jìn)行抑制將可能引起患者免疫系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和造血功能障礙的副作用.相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在發(fā)育和免疫監(jiān)督過程中,CXCR4調(diào)節(jié)T、B淋巴細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和歸巢到淋巴和胸腺等不同組織微環(huán)境[29,71].CXCR4拮抗劑在癌癥患者上使用的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)是正常祖細(xì)胞的動(dòng)員,比如,調(diào)動(dòng)HSCs離開它們的微環(huán)境而進(jìn)行血液循化系統(tǒng).正常條件下,HSCs受骨髓niches的保護(hù),然而在CXCR4拮抗劑聯(lián)合細(xì)胞毒藥物給藥使HSCs暴露于細(xì)胞毒藥物,這將導(dǎo)致長期的血細(xì)胞減少.最新研究報(bào)道,在AMD3100聯(lián)合化療藥物治療多發(fā)性骨髓瘤的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),使用AMD3100 2 d后,動(dòng)員的轉(zhuǎn)移性癌細(xì)胞和造血干細(xì)胞達(dá)到最高值,然而在第三天HSCs幾乎都?xì)w巢到骨髓,癌細(xì)胞則繼續(xù)停留在血液循化系統(tǒng)中.該研究結(jié)果提示,如果選擇正常干細(xì)胞已歸巢而癌細(xì)胞繼續(xù)滯留血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行化療,將有效降低細(xì)胞毒藥物對HSCs的損害.更特殊的副作用是,在給予兩例有心臟病史的患者40、160 mg/kg/h的Plerixafor后引起相關(guān)的心臟病并發(fā)癥[72].但Plerixafor用于干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員的臨床試驗(yàn)未見報(bào)道相關(guān)的副作用.

總之,CXCR4拮抗劑提供了一個(gè)全新的,從癌細(xì)胞保護(hù)性的微環(huán)境中動(dòng)員癌細(xì)胞進(jìn)入血液循化系統(tǒng)的靶向工具.被動(dòng)員的癌細(xì)胞對傳統(tǒng)藥物更敏感,有助于克服腫瘤患者的MRD和復(fù)發(fā).

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Application of CXCR4 Antagonists in Oncotherapy

LUO Jinghong1,G UO Zhigang2,ZENGJun2

(1.School of Industrial Manufacturing,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China;2.School of Basic Medicine,Guangzhou Medical College,Guangzhou 510182,China)

CXCR4,a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor,is expressed heavily in cancer cells.Stromal cells in which cancer cell metastasizes keep releasing a ligand for CXCR4,stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1/CXCL12).Cancer cells expressing CXCR4 transfer and home along a gradient of the CXCL12.CXCL12 facilitates tight adhesion of cancer cells with stromal cells,which leads to drug resistance.CXCR4 antagonists,such as SDF-1βP2G developed by this lab ,Plerixafor(AMD3100)and T140 analogs alike,can disrupt adhesive tumor-stroma interactions and mobilize cancer cells from their protective stromal microenvironment,making them more exposed to conventional anti-cancer drugs.Therefore ,targeting the CXCR4-CXCL12 axismay be a novel and potential therapeutic approach in current clinical trialsfor tumor patients.

CXCR4 ;antagonist;oncotherapy

R730

A

1004-5422(2012)04-0309-07

2012-05-25.

羅競紅(1977—),女,碩士,講師,從事生物制藥技術(shù)研究.

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