滿曉華 王偉 鄭建明 李兆申 高軍 龔燕芳
·論著·
β-連環(huán)蛋白在不同胰腺病變中的表達(dá)
滿曉華 王偉 鄭建明 李兆申 高軍 龔燕芳
目的檢測(cè)β-連環(huán)蛋白(β-catenin)在胰腺正常導(dǎo)管(NP)、胰腺上皮內(nèi)瘤變(PanINs)、胰腺導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀黏液性腫瘤(IPMNs)及胰腺導(dǎo)管腺癌(PDAC)中的表達(dá)水平,分析其在胰腺癌發(fā)生過程中的作用。方法收集正常胰腺組織12例、IPMN 52例(IPMA 20例,IPMB 13例,IPMC 19例)、PanINs 118灶(PanIN-1 73灶,PanIN-2 29灶,PanIN-3 16灶)、PDAC 50例,采用免疫組化SP法檢測(cè)β-catenin在上述組織中的表達(dá),并分析其在胰腺癌的表達(dá)與臨床病理特征及患者術(shù)后生存期的關(guān)系。結(jié)果NP中β-catenin主要表達(dá)于細(xì)胞膜,表達(dá)量為(4.38±2.11)分;PanINs、PDAC和IPMN的β-catenin 膜表達(dá)明顯降低或缺失,PanIN-1、PanIN-2、PanIN-3、PDAC、 IPMA 、IPMB 、IPMC的膜表達(dá)量分別為(5.22±2.21)、(2.24±2.31)、(1.44±1.37)、(2.71±2.08)、(4.85±2.28)、(4.15±2.51)、(2.68±2.75)分。PanIN-1的胞質(zhì)表達(dá)率為12.3%(9/73),胞核表達(dá)率為0; PanIN-2為34.5%(10/29)和3.4%(1/29);PanIN-3為43.8%(7/16)和12.5%(2/16);PDAC為44.0%(22/50)和10.0%(5/50)。在由PanINs至PDAC的進(jìn)展過程中β-catenin膜表達(dá)逐漸降低,而胞質(zhì)、胞核異位表達(dá)率逐漸升高。β-catenin膜表達(dá)與腫瘤大小、神經(jīng)浸潤、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)(P<0.05);胞質(zhì)異位表達(dá)率與腫瘤大小有關(guān)(P<0.05);胞核異位表達(dá)率與腫瘤的分化程度有關(guān)(P<0.01);胞膜、胞質(zhì)表達(dá)均與患者的術(shù)后生存期顯著相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論Wnt/β-catenin通路異常活化導(dǎo)致的β-catenin膜表達(dá)減弱及異位表達(dá)率增加是PDAC發(fā)生、發(fā)展的重要機(jī)制,并促進(jìn)PDAC的惡性生長與轉(zhuǎn)移,β-catenin的表達(dá)與PDAC患者的預(yù)后相關(guān)。
胰腺導(dǎo)管腺癌; 胰腺上皮內(nèi)瘤變; 導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀黏液性腫瘤; β-連環(huán)蛋白
β-連環(huán)蛋白(β-catenin)作為一種重要的細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)分子和細(xì)胞間黏附分子,已經(jīng)成為近年來腫瘤研究中的熱點(diǎn),它既可介導(dǎo)Wnt信號(hào)通路參與調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的增殖分化,也可通過構(gòu)成E-cad/cat復(fù)合體參與維持細(xì)胞間黏附連接及細(xì)胞極性[1-5]。本研究檢測(cè)胰腺正常導(dǎo)管(normal pancreatic duct, NP)、胰腺上皮內(nèi)瘤變(pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, PanINs)、胰腺導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀黏液性腫瘤(intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, IPMNs)及胰腺導(dǎo)管腺癌(pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC)中β-catenin蛋白的表達(dá),分析其變化規(guī)律,探討其在PDAC發(fā)病機(jī)制中的作用。
一、胰腺組織標(biāo)本
收集2001年至2010年我院胰腺組織標(biāo)本及臨床資料,包括正常胰腺12例、IPMN 52例。另從醫(yī)院病理科獲贈(zèng)包含PDAC 50例的胰腺癌組織芯片1片和PanINs芯片3片,其中PanIN-1 73灶,PanIN-2 29灶,PanIN-3 16灶。
二、免疫組化染色(IHC)及評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
采用鼠抗人β-catenin單抗(MAB13291, R&D)行SP法免疫組化染色。根據(jù)細(xì)胞定位(胞膜、胞質(zhì)、胞核)、染色強(qiáng)度和分布判斷。PanINs及IPMNs計(jì)數(shù)導(dǎo)管內(nèi)細(xì)胞,胰腺癌觀察5~10個(gè)高倍視野(HPF)。結(jié)果判定:陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)<25%計(jì)1分,25%~50% 2分,50%~75% 3分,>75% 4分;無染色計(jì)0分,弱陽性1分,中等陽性2分,強(qiáng)陽性3分。兩分乘積為免疫組化評(píng)分(IHCS)。正常胰腺導(dǎo)管上皮細(xì)胞膜的強(qiáng)陽性和個(gè)別細(xì)胞的胞質(zhì)弱陽性視為正常表達(dá),其余均視為異常表達(dá)[6]。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。各病變組之間IHCS比較采用單因素方差分析;胞質(zhì)、胞核異位表達(dá)率比較及其與臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性分析采用χ2檢驗(yàn);與患者生存期的關(guān)系采用Kaplan-Meier行l(wèi)ongrank檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
一、NP、PanINs、IPMNs和PDAC的β-catenin表達(dá)
β-catenin在正常胰腺腺泡、導(dǎo)管上皮和胰島細(xì)胞膜上呈均質(zhì)的強(qiáng)陽性表達(dá),個(gè)別細(xì)胞為胞質(zhì)弱陽性染色,胰腺間質(zhì)細(xì)胞不染色。PanINs、IPMNs和PDAC的β-catenin膜表達(dá)明顯減少或缺失,并可出現(xiàn)胞質(zhì)和(或)胞核的異位染色(圖1)。各組β-catenin膜表達(dá)的IHCS分別為:NP(4.38±2.11)分,PanIN-1(5.22±2.21)分,PanIN-2(2.24±2.31)分,PanIN-3(1.44±1.37)分,PDAC(2.71±2.08)分,IPMA(4.85±2.28)分,IPMB(4.15±2.51)分,IPMC (2.68±2.75)分;胞質(zhì)異位表達(dá)率為:NP 0,PanIN-112.3%(9/73),PanIN-2 34.5%(10/29),PanIN-3 43.8%(7/16),PDCA 44.0%(22/50),IPMA 25%(5/20),IPMB 30.8%(4/13),IPMC36.8%(7/19);胞核異位表達(dá)率為:NP 0,PanIN-1 0,PanIN-2 3.4%(1/29)、PanIN-3 12.5%(2/16),PDCA 10.0%(5/50),IPMA 5%(1/20),IPMB 15.4%(2/13),IPMC 15.8(3/19)。PanIN-2、PanIN-3、PDAC及IPMC的β-catenin膜表達(dá)均較NP組明顯降低(P值均<0.05);異位表達(dá)率均較NP組增加。而PanIN-2、PanIN-3與PDAC間及IPMNs各組間差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
二、胰腺癌β-catenin的表達(dá)與臨床病理特征及患者術(shù)后生存期的關(guān)系
PDAC的β-catenin膜表達(dá)與腫瘤大小、神經(jīng)浸潤、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān);胞質(zhì)異位表達(dá)率與腫瘤大小有關(guān);胞核異位表達(dá)率與腫瘤的分化程度有關(guān)(表1)。
圖1β-catenin在胰腺組織中的表達(dá) a:NP;b:PanIN-1A;c:PanIN-1B;d:PanIN-2;e:PanIN-3;f:IPMA;g:IMPB;h:IPMC;i:PDAC;j:PDAC(HE a:×400,b~i:×200)
表1 胰腺癌β-catenin的表達(dá)與臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性分析
注:a:IHCS≥4分
β-catenin胞膜、胞質(zhì)表達(dá)與患者的術(shù)后生存期顯著相關(guān)(圖2),β-catenin膜高表達(dá)患者的中位生存期為25個(gè)月(95% CI 18.371~31.629),顯著低于低表達(dá)患者18個(gè)月的中位生存期(95% CI14.624~21.376,P=0.018);胞質(zhì)異位表達(dá)患者的中位生存期為14個(gè)月(95% CI 10.975~17.025),顯著低于無異位表達(dá)患者21個(gè)月的中位生存期(95% CI 17.624~24.376,P=0.039)。
圖2β-catenin膜表達(dá)(a)、胞質(zhì)表達(dá)(b)、胞核表達(dá)(c)與患者術(shù)后生存期的關(guān)系
目前,關(guān)于β-catenin在胰腺癌發(fā)病機(jī)制中作用的報(bào)道并不完全一致。Al-Aynati等[6]報(bào)道,PanINs和PDAC均異常表達(dá)β-catenin。Qiao等[7]報(bào)道,β-catenin參與胰腺癌的發(fā)生,其胞膜表達(dá)減弱、胞質(zhì)的異位表達(dá)均與胰腺癌的預(yù)后緊密相關(guān)。Lowy等[8]發(fā)現(xiàn),β-catenin在胰腺癌細(xì)胞中表達(dá)下調(diào)而不是上調(diào),β-catenin表達(dá)減少導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞間的連接被削弱進(jìn)而促進(jìn)腫瘤侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移。而Heiser等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn),上調(diào)β-catenin的表達(dá)可以促進(jìn)胰腺腫瘤的形成,但腫瘤表型類似于實(shí)性假乳頭狀瘤(SPN);在誘導(dǎo)K-ras突變的基礎(chǔ)上,激活β-catenin反而抑制PanINs的形成。
本結(jié)果顯示,β-catenin蛋白膜表達(dá)在PanINs和IPMNs中隨病變級(jí)別升高而逐漸減弱,在PDAC中顯著降低,部分PDAC為陰性表達(dá)。同時(shí),在PanIN-1、IPMA的導(dǎo)管上皮細(xì)胞開始出現(xiàn)β-catenin的胞質(zhì)表達(dá),表達(dá)率隨病變級(jí)別升高而升高;β-catenin的胞核表達(dá)最早出現(xiàn)于PanIN-2和IPMA,在高級(jí)別病變的表達(dá)率顯著升高,提示β-catenin膜表達(dá)缺失及胞質(zhì)、胞核的異位表達(dá)在PDAC的發(fā)生中發(fā)揮了重要作用,這與在肝癌、結(jié)腸癌等惡性腫瘤中的研究結(jié)果相一致[10-12]。
本結(jié)果還顯示,胰腺癌組織β-catenin膜表達(dá)在瘤體積較大、發(fā)生神經(jīng)浸潤與淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤中明顯減少,表明β-catenin膜表達(dá)減少是導(dǎo)致PDAC惡性生長與轉(zhuǎn)移的重要因素。此外,β-catenin的胞質(zhì)異位表達(dá)與腫瘤大小呈正相關(guān);胞核表達(dá)與腫瘤的分化程度呈負(fù)相關(guān),表明β-catenin的異位表達(dá)亦是腫瘤的惡性生長的重要因素。β-catenin的膜表達(dá)與胞質(zhì)表達(dá)還與患者的術(shù)后生存期顯著相關(guān),與Qiao等[7]的報(bào)道一致,提示β-catenin在PDAC預(yù)后判斷中具有一定價(jià)值。
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Expressionofβ-catenininPanINs,IPMNsandPDAC
MANXiao-hua,WANGWei,ZHENGJian-ming,LIZhao-shen,GAOJun,GONGYan-fang.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,ChanghaiHospital,SecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Shanghai200433,China
LIZhao-shen,Email:zhsli@81890.net
ObjectiveTo detect the expressions of β-catenin protein in different pancreatic tissues (NP, PanINs, IPMNs and PDAC) and evaluate its significance during the carcinogenesis of PDAC.MethodsThe expression of β-catenin protein in 12 samples of normal pancreatic tissues, 52 samples of IPMN (IPMA 20 foci, IPMB 13 foci, IPMC 19 foci), PanINs 118 foci (PanIN-1 73 foci, PanIN-2 29 foci, PanIN-3 16 foci), 50 cases of PDAC was determined by using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between β-catenin expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of PDAC was analyzed.Resultsβ-catenin was mainly expressed in cell membrane of NP, the quantity was 4.38±2.11; in PanINs, PDAC and IPMN, β-catenin membrane expression was significantly decreased or absent, the β-catenin membrane expressions of PanIN-1, PanIN-2, PanIN-3, PDAC, IPMA, IPMB, IPMC were 5.22±2.21, 2.24±2.31, 1.44±1.37, 2.71±2.08, 4.85±2.28, 4.15±2.51, 2.68±2.75. The cytoplasm expression of PanIN-1 was 12.3% (9/73), while the nuclear expression was 0; and the corresponding values were 34.5%(10/29) and 3.4%(1/29) in PanIN-2; 43.8%(7/16) and 12.5%(2/16) in PanIN-3; 44.0%(22/50) and 10.0%(5/50) in PDAC. The IHCS of β-catenin membrane expression decreased with the severe tissue atypia along the progressive multistage. The β-catenin membrane expression was significantly associated with tumor size, neural infiltration and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). Ectopic cytoplasm expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P<0.05). Ectopic nuclear expression was significantly associated with tumor differentiation (P<0.01). The membrane or ectopic cytoplasm expression of β-catenin was significantly associated with postoperative survival.ConclusionsAbnormal Wnt/β-catenin signal activation induces decreased β-catenin membrane expression and increased ectopic expression, which is an important mechanism of pathogenesis and development of PDAC, and promotes the growth and metastasis of PDAC. The expression of β-catenin was associated with postoperative survival.
共同第一作者:王偉
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias; Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms; β-catenin
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2012.01.009
重大國際合作項(xiàng)目(30910103911)
200433 上海,第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)長海醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科(滿曉華、王偉、李兆申、高軍、龔燕芳),病理科(鄭建明)
李兆申,Email:zhsli@81890.net
2011-10-21)
(本文編輯:屠振興)