英語動詞的過去分詞是歷年高考英語所考查的重點之一。2012年全國高考英語試題的單選題中,就有7道題對這一知識點進行考查,主要考查形式是運用所給動詞的正確形式填空。過去分詞主要的用法是:相當于形容詞和副詞的作用,在句子中作狀語、表語、定語和賓語補足語。本文以2012年全國各省市高考真題為例,由此歸納和總結過去分詞的用法及其考查熱點,希望對廣大學生有所啟發(fā)。
一、過去分詞作定語
過去分詞作定語時,特別是過去分詞短語,通常放在被修飾詞之后,和被修飾的名詞或代詞形成動賓關系,過去分詞在語境中所表示的動作具有以下兩種情況:表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前而且與它所修飾的名詞或代詞在邏輯上為被動關系。
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1.[山東]35.After completing and signing it,please return the form to us in the envelope____________.
A.providing B.provided
C.having providedD.provide
解析:句意為:“填完表格和簽名后,請把它放進剛才所給的信封里并上交給我們?!盤rovide和envelope存在被動關系,provide表示的動作也已完成,故選B。
2.[浙江]11.“It’s such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table_____for customers.
A.to be reserved B.having reserved
C.reserving D.reserved
解析:句意為:“正當母親坐在為顧客預訂好的桌旁時,她說:‘這是個好地方?!盩he table是提前被預訂的,故用過去分詞作定語,正確答案為D,相當于which was reserved.
二、過去分詞作賓語補足語
過去分詞和它前面的邏輯主語一起構成復合賓語,表示一個被動或完成的動作。過去分詞作賓語補足語考查的重點是感官動詞或使役動詞和with后所接的復合賓語。解題時,應注意從邏輯上抓住賓語與賓補之間的關系,即被動關系。
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[四川]12.Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car_____.
A.washedB.washC.washingD.to wash
解析:句意為:“在你開車進城前,你得先洗車?!痹擃}考查是get后接復合賓語結構,作賓語補足語的非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語your car在邏輯上是被動關系,因此應選擇表示被動意義的過去分詞作賓補,故正確的答案應為A。
三、過去分詞作狀語
過去分詞或過去分詞短語作狀語時,表示被動和完成,解題時應把“找出分詞邏輯主語及邏輯主語與分詞之間的關系”視為重點。如果兩者之間的關系為被動關系,邏輯主語就是分詞動作的承受者,便可選用過去分詞。過去分詞作狀語相當于一個狀語從句,在句子中可以表示原因、條件、時間、伴隨、讓步、方式、結果等,過去分詞作狀語時,它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致,有時過去分詞前還加上連詞if,unless,when,while,though等。
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1.[安徽]30.When_____for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A.askingB.asked C.having askedD.to be asked
解析:句意為:“當詢問到有關對自己教學工作的看法時,菲利普說他已發(fā)現它是很有趣而且很有價值。”考查“連詞+分詞”的省略結構。分詞常??梢杂幸恍┻B詞,如if,unless,when,while,though,no matter how,until,since等之后,這種考查可以把它視為“在狀語從句中,如果主從句的主語一致時,從句的主語和be動詞可以省略”的形式。因此,把此題補充完整后的句子為“When he was asked for his views about his teaching job,...”,故選B。
類似的題目如下:
2.[全國]32.Film has a much shorter history,especially when_____such art forms as music and painting.
A.having compared toB.comparing to
C.compare to D.compared to
解析:以上的例子也是考查“連詞+分詞”的省略結構。句意為:“電影的歷史更短,特別當它與音樂和繪畫這些藝術相比時?!北绢}可視為“...specially when it was compared to such art forms as music and painting.”故正確答案為D。
3.[湖南]23.Time,_____correctly,is money in the bank.
A.to useB.usedC.usingD.use
解析:此處考查是過去分詞作狀語,句意為:“時間,如能正確地使用的話,便是銀行里的金錢。”其中邏輯主語time是句子的主語。動詞use與邏輯主語time是邏輯上的被動關系,故選B。
4.[北京]27._____with care,one tin will last for six weeks.
A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.To use
解析:此處也是在考查過去分詞作狀語,在句子中表示條件狀語,相當于條件狀語從句If it is used with care.句意為:如果能細心使用,一聽能持續(xù)六個星期。邏輯主語one tin是句子的主語。動詞use與邏輯主語one tin在邏輯上是被動關系,故選C。
本文探討了2012年高考英語中過去分詞的幾種語言現象,在平時學習中還要注意積累和總結,分析歷年高考英語考試中??碱}型和知識點,只有正確掌握考試大綱所要求的知識點和分析所考查題型的命題特點,才能做到在答題時應對自如。
鞏固練習:
1(2011全國卷II)15.The island,_____to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.
A.joiningB.to joinC.joinedD.having joined
2(2011上海卷)32.The rare fish,_____from the cooking pot,has been returned to the sea.
A.savedB.savingC.to be savedD.having saved
3(2011福建卷)23.Tsinghua University,_____in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.to be founded
4(2011四川卷)16._____an important role in a new movie,Andy has a chance to become famous.
A.OfferB.OfferingC.offeredD.To offer
5(2011天津卷)12._____into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A.Translating?搖?搖 ?搖?搖B.Translated
C.To translate D.Having translated
6(2011陜西卷)14.Claire had luggage____________ an hour before her plane left.
A.checkB.checkingC.to checkD.checked
7(2011重慶卷)33.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_____of his own dreams.
A.remindingB.to remindC.remindedD.remind
8(2011安徽卷)30.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier____________ into small pieces.
A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.to break
9(2011浙江卷)14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves____________ for words.
A.loseB.lostC.to loseD.having lost
10(2011湖南卷)23.The players_____from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A.selectingB.to select C selectedD.having selected
11.(2010全國I 27).Mrs. White showed her student some old maps____________ from the library.
A.to borrowB.to be borrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing
12(2010全國卷II 11).Though_____to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A.surprise B.was surprised
C.surprised D.being surprised
13(2010北京卷25).I’m calling to enquire about the position____________ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A.advertised B.to be advertised
C.advertising D.having advertised
14(2010福建卷34).In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained____________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A.stickingB.stuckC.to be stuckD.to have stuck
15(2010湖南卷30).So far nobody has claimed the money____________ in the library.
A.discovered B.to be discovered
C.discovering D.having discovered
16(2010上海卷33).Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_____with her stories.
A.amusedB.amusingC.to amuseD.to be amused
17(2010遼寧卷35).Alexander tried to get his work____________in the medical circles.
A.to recognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized
18(2010浙江卷8).The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if____________ regularly,can improve our health.
A.being carried out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out
19(2010山東卷29).The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already_____for a meal to be cooked.
A.laidB.layingC.to layD.being laid
20(2010陜西卷16)._____from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A.SeenB.SeeingC.Have seenD.To see
21(2010四川卷4)A great number of students _____said they were forced to practise the piano.
A.to question B.to be questioned
C.questioned D.questioning
Key:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.A 21