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嘆為觀止:世界九大最壯觀瀑布

2013-04-11 01:47:12
閱讀與作文(英語(yǔ)初中版) 2013年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:伊瓜蘇瀑布

這個(gè)星球上的各個(gè)角落都隱藏著瀑布:有些飛流直下,有些則在石縫里嬉戲跳蕩;有些穿梭在冰川之間,有些則在地底深處默默滋潤(rùn)著焦渴的土地。每一道瀑布都有屬于它的獨(dú)特魅力,那么,如何選出世界上最壯觀的瀑布呢?

瀑布專(zhuān)家迪恩·戈斯(Dean Goss)和布賴(lài)恩·斯旺(Bryan Swan)用量化的方法設(shè)計(jì)出一套運(yùn)算法則,當(dāng)中涉及瀑布本身的水量、高度、垂直落差以及布局,從而列出了一個(gè)“世界百大瀑布排行榜”,并最終成書(shū)出版。以下是小編從這個(gè)排行榜上挑選出來(lái)的心頭好,其中一些瀑布你一定耳熟能詳,比如尼亞加拉大瀑布;但肯定有一些瀑布是你聞所未聞的。一起來(lái)看看世界上最具美感的瀑布吧。

Victoria Falls

Zambia / Zimbabwe

One mile wide, Victoria Falls forms the planets largest curtain of falling water-but thats not the only reason it ranks among the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. During the rainy season, from March to July, water plunges[投入] with such force that the spray[水沫] bouncing back upward can be seen for miles around. And when theres a full moon during these months, on fortuitous[偶然的] nights, it is one of the only spots on earth that creates rarely seen moonbows注1.

維多利亞瀑布

(贊比亞/津巴布韋)

維多利亞瀑布的寬度達(dá)一英里(1.6千米),形成了地球上最大的水幕——但這并不是它名列世界七大自然奇跡之一的唯一原因。在三月到七月的雨季,流水以極大的力量直沖而下,濺起的水霧在幾英里開(kāi)外都能看到。雨季期間的月圓之夜,你偶爾還能看到“月虹”的奇景,這是地球上為數(shù)不多的能產(chǎn)生這種罕見(jiàn)景觀的地方之一。

Angel Falls

Venezuela

To put Angel Falls-the worlds tallest waterfall, at 3,212 feet-into perspective, picture this: water drops from so high that winds whirl[(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)] it into mist-a mist that reaches a mile-wide radius[半徑]-before it can ever hit the ground. Documented in BBCs series Planet Earth, its location in the remote[偏僻的] jungle of southeastern Venezuela is a top challenge for danger-seeking BASE jumpers注2.

For those who want to see it without jumping into it, Waku Lodge offers modern rooms with views of the waterfall and organizes flyovers as well as hikes to the base, where travelers can swim in Angels lagoon[瀉湖].

天使瀑布

(委內(nèi)瑞拉)

天使瀑布高達(dá)3212英尺(979米),是世界上最高的瀑布。要想象它的模樣,你需要在腦海里這樣構(gòu)圖:水從那么高的地方落下,以至于在它還未能落到地面之前,風(fēng)就已經(jīng)把它吹散成霧,散落到半徑一英里的范圍內(nèi)。英國(guó)廣播公司(BBC)的紀(jì)錄片《行星地球》里就介紹過(guò)這道瀑布。它位于委內(nèi)瑞拉東南部的邊遠(yuǎn)叢林中,對(duì)追求驚險(xiǎn)刺激的定點(diǎn)跳傘愛(ài)好者來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)終極挑戰(zhàn)。至于那些既想一睹天使瀑布的風(fēng)采、又不想跳進(jìn)去的人,瓦庫(kù)旅館為其提供了能夠欣賞到瀑布景觀的現(xiàn)代化房間,也會(huì)組織一些去營(yíng)地的短途飛行和遠(yuǎn)足,游客們還可以在天使瀑布的瀉湖里游泳。

Huka Falls

New Zealand

One of the highlights of New Zealands diverse scenery is its abundance[豐富] of waterfalls, and Huka stands above the rest thanks to its technicolor[鮮艷的色彩] blue waters and location right near Huka Lodge. Often cited as one of the worlds top hotels, it has hosted the likes of Kate Winslet and Bill Gates and is just a short walk from Waikato River. Not particularly tall (at only about 30 feet), the waterfall packs a ton of force, carrying an enormous[龐大的] amount of water from Lake Taupo through a narrow canyon, erupting[噴出] down the drop.

胡卡瀑布

(新西蘭)

新西蘭豐富多變的風(fēng)光的一大亮點(diǎn),就是那里有很多瀑布。胡卡瀑布又以其夢(mèng)幻般的湛藍(lán)水色以及鄰近胡卡旅館的便利位置而引人矚目。胡卡旅館常常被認(rèn)為是世界上最高級(jí)的賓館,曾經(jīng)接待過(guò)凱特·溫斯萊特和比爾·蓋茨等名人。它距離懷卡托河只有一小段路。胡卡瀑布并不是很高(大約只有30英尺,約合9米),卻集中了一噸的水力。大量的湖水從陶波湖流經(jīng)一道狹窄的峽谷,來(lái)到此處傾瀉而下。

Jog Falls

India

Many travel to India for the Taj Mahal, ashrams[(印度的)高僧靜修處], the beaches of Goa-but the countrys abundance of majestic waterfalls is a lesser known (but none the less wise) reason for going. Most spectacular of them all is Jog Falls, boasting[以有……而自豪] four cascades[小瀑布,瀑布的一支] named after their distinct characteristics: the Roarer, the Queen, the Rocket, and the King. Its best to visit during monsoon[(印度等地的)雨季] season (August to December), when Jog flows the strongest, and rainbows often arch above in the mist.

焦格瀑布

(印度)

許多人到印度旅游是為了一睹泰姬陵、靜修所和果阿海灘的風(fēng)采——但前往印度還有一個(gè)鮮為人知(卻又不失明智)的理由,那就是這個(gè)國(guó)家豐富而壯觀的瀑布。其中最壯麗的要數(shù)焦格瀑布,其特別之處在于它的四道瀑布根據(jù)其獨(dú)特的形態(tài)命名,分別叫咆哮者瀑布、皇后瀑布、火箭瀑布和國(guó)王瀑布。雨季(8到12月)是游覽的最佳時(shí)間,這時(shí)焦格瀑布水流最強(qiáng),在其上方的水霧中經(jīng)??梢砸?jiàn)到彩虹。

Iguazu Falls

Brazil/Argentina

Unlike such enormous waterfalls as Victoria and Niagara, Iguazu is not a lengthy curtain but rather a canyon in the middle of the powerful Iguazu River. Its curved arrangement allows visitors to drink in[盡情地看] the scene all at once from land, rather than by helicopter.

And what a scene it is: More than 270 falls shoot over the canyon in beautifully layered steps. The most impressive of the cataracts[大瀑布] is U-shaped Devils Throat, which marks the border between Argentina and Brazil.

伊瓜蘇瀑布

(巴西/阿根廷)

與維多利亞或尼亞加拉這些大型瀑布不同,伊瓜蘇瀑布不是一道長(zhǎng)簾狀的瀑布,而更像是處于雄壯的伊瓜蘇河中游的一個(gè)峽谷。它的曲線布局使游客不必乘坐直升飛機(jī),在地面就可以飽覽其美景。那是一幅何等壯觀的景象:270多道瀑布從錯(cuò)落有致的各層飛瀉入峽谷。最令人嘆為觀止的是呈U形的“魔鬼之喉”,它也是阿根廷和巴西的交界處。

Yosemite Falls

United States

The highest waterfall in North America is so tall that the uppermost of its three tiers[層] is, at 1,430 feet, itself one of the worlds 20 highest falls.

Although it roars from November to July (and is at its strongest in May), in years of little snow, the falls may actually cease flowing in late summer or fall. There are countless other waterfalls to see within Yosemite Park, including the fantastic, lofty[高聳的] Bridalveil at the valleys entrance.

約塞米蒂瀑布

(美國(guó))

這個(gè)北美最高的瀑布確實(shí)高得驚人。它有三層分瀑,其中最高的一層高達(dá)1430英尺(435米),單是這一層就已經(jīng)入選世界最高的20大瀑布。雖然它從11月一直咆哮至來(lái)年7月(5月的水力最強(qiáng)),但每逢下小雪的年份,它在夏末或秋季則完全停止流動(dòng)。

約塞米蒂公園內(nèi)還有許多其他瀑布值得一游,其中包括位于山谷入口處那美麗高聳的布里達(dá)爾維爾瀑布(新娘面紗瀑布)。

Niagara Falls

United States/Canada

Niagara is by far the biggest celebrity of all the big waterfalls. And theres reason for it: Niagara actually consists of three waterfalls-Horseshoe Falls in Ontario, Canada, and on the other side of Goat Island, American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls in New York-which together pack a width of 3,300 feet. Although theyre relatively not too high (167 feet), their hydro-[水,流體] force is so immense[極大的] that Niagara is the biggest electricity producer in New York state.

尼亞加拉大瀑布

(美國(guó)/加拿大)

尼亞加拉大瀑布是迄今最為著名的大瀑布,這也是恰如其分的:尼亞加拉大瀑布實(shí)際上由三個(gè)瀑布組成,分別是加拿大安大略省的馬蹄瀑布、山羊島另一邊的美國(guó)瀑布以及紐約的新娘面紗瀑布。這三個(gè)瀑布合起來(lái)寬達(dá)3300英尺(1005米)。雖然它們并不是太高(167英尺,約合51米),但其水力十分巨大,足以使尼亞加拉大瀑布成為紐約州最大的發(fā)電動(dòng)力。

Plitvice

Croatia

The many waterfalls in Plitvice Lakes National Park are not known for the height of their drops or the roar of their waters-the largest fall, named Big Waterfall, plunges only 250 feet-but rather their other-worldly[超脫塵世的], mythic[神話的] setting. Covering nearly 50 acres, the World Heritage site is divided between 12 upper lakes and 4 lower ones, with dozens of cascading waterfalls linking the two. Wooden footbridges transport visitors all around and across the water, distinctive for its changing shades of vibrant[(顏色)鮮艷悅目的] green, blue, gray, and turquoise[綠松石的顏色].

普里特維察

(克羅地亞)

普里特維察湖國(guó)家公園(又稱(chēng)十六湖國(guó)家公園)的瀑布并不是以其落差的高度或水力的強(qiáng)大而聞名,比如其最大的瀑布——大瀑布就僅有250英尺(76米)高。使其聞名于世的是那里超脫塵世的神秘環(huán)境。這個(gè)世界遺產(chǎn)的面積接近50英畝(20公頃),其中12個(gè)湖位于高處,4個(gè)位于低處,上下兩處由數(shù)十道小瀑布連接起來(lái)。公園里鋪有木橋,讓游客可以穿梭其中,流連水上——這里的水以不斷變換的綠、藍(lán)、灰、湖藍(lán)等等絢麗色彩而著稱(chēng)。

Detian Falls

China/Vietnam

Showcasing a classic Asian landscape of cliffs that rise above rice paddies[稻,谷], these falls produce a silky mist as they flow into the Guichun River. The Detian Falls are in the southwestern Chinese province of Guangxi, bordering Vietnam. June and July may be the most humid[濕潤(rùn)的] time of year to travel here, but its when the river is at its most dramatically rapid.

德天瀑布

(中國(guó)/越南)

德天瀑布向人們展示了這樣一幅古典的亞洲風(fēng)景畫(huà):懸崖聳立在稻田上,德天瀑布流入歸春河,幻化出一層絲綢般的薄霧。德天瀑布位于中國(guó)西南部的廣西壯族自治區(qū)與越南的交界。6月到7月可能是此地一年當(dāng)中最潮濕的時(shí)節(jié),不過(guò)此時(shí)歸春河的流速最快,最宜賞景。

注釋

注1:月虹即在月光下出現(xiàn)的彩虹,由于是由月照所產(chǎn)生的虹,故通常只見(jiàn)于夜晚。且因?yàn)樵抡樟炼容^小的關(guān)系,月虹通常較為朦朧,一般出現(xiàn)于月亮反方向的天空。月虹的出現(xiàn)需各種天氣因素的配合,是非常罕見(jiàn)的自然現(xiàn)象。

注2:“BASE-jumping”又稱(chēng)“極限跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)”或“低空跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)”,俗稱(chēng)“背死跳”,是指從高處跳下,用降落傘著地的一種行為。摩天大樓、天線高塔、大橋水壩和懸崖溶洞是適合展開(kāi)這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的地點(diǎn),它們的英文首字母合起來(lái)正好就是BASE(Building、Antenna、Span、Earth),由此得名。

Know More

也許你不是瀑布發(fā)燒友,但如果你也想一睹這些瀑布的風(fēng)采,一定要牢記以下幾點(diǎn)哦:

很多瀑布都有季節(jié)性。在干旱季節(jié),即使是海嘯般澎湃的瀑布也會(huì)變得像水龍頭那樣微弱。

一些瀑布會(huì)因?yàn)樗畨位蛩Πl(fā)電的需要而設(shè)有開(kāi)關(guān)時(shí)間,就像水龍頭一樣。例如位于挪威西南部的馬爾達(dá)爾斯瀑布(Mardalsfossen)只在旅游季節(jié)(6月20日至8月20日)流動(dòng)。

根據(jù)水量的多少,瀑布被分為10級(jí)。瀑布當(dāng)中的“巨無(wú)霸”當(dāng)屬尼亞加拉大瀑布和伊瓜蘇瀑布,它們都達(dá)到10級(jí)。

當(dāng)達(dá)到最大水量時(shí),一些瀑布會(huì)被自身產(chǎn)生的水霧遮住。例如在雨季,維多利亞瀑布經(jīng)常被一層“水衣”遮蔽。

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