楊文
動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是初中英語的一個(gè)重要語法項(xiàng)目,也是各地中考試題的一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。綜合分析歷年全國各地中考試題,中考主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)以及各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。下面結(jié)合部分省市中考試題談?wù)剟釉~時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)試題的解題思路。
1. —Whats his brother?
—He is a teacher. He _______ maths at a school. (2012武漢)
A. taught B. has taught
C. teaches D. will teach
【分析】本題上句的意思是:他哥哥是干什么的?答語的意思是:他是教師。他在一所學(xué)校教數(shù)學(xué)。答語講述的是他哥哥目前的情況,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因此答案是C。
2. I dont remember when and where I _______ this umbrella. (2012武漢)
A. buy B. have bought
C. will buy D. bought
【分析】本題的意思是:我不記得我是在何時(shí)何地買這把雨傘的。“買”的動作發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí),因此答案是D。
3. Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he ______ in Shiyan for five years. (2012 湖北十堰)
A. was teaching B. has taught
C. will teacher D. taught
【分析】本題的意思是:本是一個(gè)外教。到目前為止,他在十堰任教已經(jīng)有五年了。由句中的時(shí)間狀語for five years可知句子的謂語動詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),因此本題的答案是B。
4. —Where were you last Saturday?
—I ______ in the Capital Museum. (2012北京)
A. am B. will be
C. was D. have been
【分析】本題上句的意思是:上周星期六你去哪里了?答語的意思是:我去了首都博物館。答語講述的是上周星期六發(fā)生的動作,要用一般過去時(shí),因此答案是C。
5. —May I speak to the headmaster?
—He ______ a meeting now. Can I take a message? (2012北京)
A. is having B. had
C. has D. will have
【分析】本題上句的意思是:能讓校長接電話嗎?答語的意思是:他現(xiàn)在正在開會。我能捎個(gè)口信嗎?由句中的時(shí)間狀語now知道,本題講述的是講話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作,要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),因此答案是A。
6. I ______ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. (2012北京)
A. didnt hear from
B. dont hear from
C. wont hear from
D. havent heard from
【分析】本題的意思是:自從史密斯先生搬到上海以后我就沒有收到他的來信。since
在本題中是連詞,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句,表示“自從……以來有多長時(shí)間”,通常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,因此答案是D。
7. —Well go for a picnic if it ______ this Sunday.
—Wish you a lovely weekend. (2012 福州)
A. rain B. doesnt rain
C. wont rain
【分析】本題上句的意思是:如果這個(gè)星期天不下雨我們將去野餐。答語的意思是:
祝你們度過一個(gè)愉快的周末。本題上句主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí),if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,在狀語從句中謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,因此答案是B。
8. —I saw Mr. Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.
—Thats impossible. He ______ an English party with us then. (2012南京)
A. has B. had
C. was having D. has had
【分析】本題上句的意思是:昨天早晨十點(diǎn)鐘我在辦公室見過史密斯先生。答語的意思是:那不可能。他當(dāng)時(shí)正在和我們一起開英語晚會。句中的時(shí)間狀語then= at ten yesterday morning,表示昨天早晨十點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作,要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),因此本題答案是C。
9. —Where is Mr. Black? I have something important to tell him.
—You cant find him. He ______ Hong Kong. (2012湖北孝感)
A. will go to B. would go to
C. has gone to D. has been to
【分析】本題上句的意思是:布萊克先生在哪里?我有重要的事情要告訴他。答語的
意思是:你不能找到他。他到香港去了。has gone to some place表示“到某地去了”,has been to some place表示“去過某地”。因此答案是C。
10. Today, computers are really helpful. They ______ everywhere. (2012北京)
A. use B. are used
C. used D. were used
【分析】本題的意思是:現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)真的很有用。到處都使用計(jì)算機(jī)。根據(jù)句子的意思,計(jì)算機(jī)是被使用的,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語today,應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài),因此答案是B。
11. The task ______ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest. (2012安徽)
A. was finished
B. will be finished
C. has been finished
D. cant be finished
【分析】本題的意思是:這項(xiàng)任務(wù)將在一個(gè)小時(shí)后完成。完成之后我們就可以回家好好休息。根據(jù)句子的意思和結(jié)構(gòu),任務(wù)應(yīng)該是被完成的,再根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語in an hour,要用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài),因此答案是B。
12. Tony ______ to take part in the talk show on CCTV-3 the day before yesterday. (2012湖北孝感)
A. invites B. invited
C. is invited D. was invited
【分析】本題的意思是:托尼前天被邀請去參加CCTV-3的脫口秀節(jié)目。根據(jù)句子的意思和時(shí)間狀語the day before yesterday,應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài),因此答案是D。
13. —Hey, Molly. You ______ on the phone just now. But you werent here and the man left a phone number.
—Oh, I was in the library. (2012湖北黃岡)
A. wanted B. are wanted
C. were wanted D. have wanted
【分析】本題上句的意思是:莫利,剛才有電話找你,但你不在,那個(gè)人留下了一個(gè)電話號碼。答語的意思是:我去圖書館了。根據(jù)句意,莫利是被找的,要用被動語態(tài),再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語just now(剛才),應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài),因此答案是C。
14. Im sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking ______ very soon. (2012上海)
A. made B. will make
C. were made D. will be made
【分析】本題的意思是:我相信控制吸煙的更嚴(yán)格的措施很快就會制定出來。本題是一個(gè)帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句,stricter rules是賓語從句的主語,動詞不定式to control cigarette smoking是后置定語,修飾主語stricter rules,措施應(yīng)該是被制定,要用被動語態(tài),再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語very soon,要用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài),因此是D。