梁璐茜
情態(tài)動詞是初中英語中的一個重要語法項目,也是各地中考試題的一個考查熱點。下面結合部分省市中考試題,對情態(tài)動詞的考查熱點作一分析。
一、考查can, may和
must表示推測的用法
情態(tài)動詞can, may和must都可以表示推測,但它們的用法不同。
① can表示推測時,意為“可能”,表示客觀可能性,通常用于疑問句和否定句中。就中考而言,主要考查cant表示“不可能”的用法。例如:
1. The lady in this photo ______ be over fifty! She looks so young. (2012無錫市)
A. mustnt B. must
C. cant D. can
2. —Is Maria knocking at the door?
—It ______ be her. She is in Australia now. (2012黃石市)
A. may not B. neednt
C. mustnt D. cant
3. You ______ be serious!Youre actually going to lend him money again?(2012杭州市)
A. neednt B. cant
C. shouldnt D. mustnt
② may表示表示推測時,意思是“也許”,“可能”,通常用于肯定句中。例如:
4. —Have you decided which senior high school to choose?
—Not yet. I ______ go to Moonlight School. (2012南京市)
A. must B. may C. need D. should
5. —Do you have any plans for this weekend?
—Im not sure. I ______ go climbing Mount Yuntai. (2012河南)
A. must B. need C. may D. can
6. —Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic?
—Im not sure. Ask the monitor, please. He ______ know. (2012揚州市)
A. need B. can C. may D. shall
③ must表示推測時,意為“一定”,“肯定”,表示可能性很大,通常只用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑問句。例如:
7. —You ______ be happy with the strong public support youve received.
—Yes, youre right. Im really excited. (2012武漢市)
A. may B. can C. must D. need
8. —Fifty dollars for such a blouse! You ______ be joking!
—Im serious. Its made of silk. (2012蘭州市)
A. must B. can C. may D. need
9. —You ______ be excited that youre going back to your hometown soon.
—Yes, I cant wait any longer. (2012包頭市)
A. shall B. can C. need D. must
Keys: 1~5 CDBBC 6~9 CCAD
二、考查must表示義務的用法
①在這一用法中,must意為“必須”,“應該”,表示必須要做的事。例如:
1. People ______ always be careful with fire, or it can be dangerous. (2012吉林)
A. can B. neednt
C. must D. shouldnt
2. Drivers ______ wear the safety belt when driving. This is the traffic rule. (2012麗水市)
A. can B. may C. will D. must
②must的否定式mustnt表示禁止,即不許對方做某事。例如:
3. School students ______ smoke because it is against the school rules. (2012綿陽市)
A. neednt B. couldnt
C. wont D. mustnt
4. You ______ play with the knife. Its very dangerous. (2012寧夏)
A. neednt B. mustnt
C. may not D. might not
③以must開頭的一般疑問句,如果是否定的回答,要用neednt或dont have to,表示“不必”,“沒有必要” 的意思,不用mustnt。例如:
5. —______ I do the laundry first?
—No, you ______. You can do your homework first. (2012黃岡市)
A. Must; mustnt B. Can; mustnt C. Must; neednt D. May; neednt
6. —Mom, must I clean my room now?
—No, you ______. You can do it tomorrow. (2012重慶市)
A. cant B. neednt
C. mustnt D. shouldnt
7. —Mum, must I wash the dishes right now?
—No, you _______. (2012北京市)
A. shouldnt B. wouldnt
C. mustnt D. neednt
Keys: 1~5 CDDBC 6~7 BD
三、考查can表示能力的用法
can表示能力時,意思是“能,會”,其否定式cant表示“不能”。在過去時中用could
和couldnt。例如:
1. With the help of the new technology, you ______ e-mail your friends by mobile phone. (2012上海市)
A. can B. must C. need D. should
2. —Im afraid I need a pair of glasses. I _____ hardly see the words on the blackboard.
—Thats terrible. You may have got poor eyesight. (2012鎮(zhèn)江市)
A. can B. must C. may D. need
3. Last year I ______ drive. I used to take the bus. (2012南昌)
A. could B. couldnt
C. should D. shouldnt
Keys: 1~3 AAB
四、考查can / could表示請求許可的用法
在這一用法中,can和could都表示現(xiàn)在,用could比用can語氣更加委婉客氣,常用Can/Could I (you) ...?句式,表示“我/你能……嗎?”若表示同意要用can, 不用could。例如:
1. —______ I swim here?
—Im sorry. Children ______ swim alone here. (2012廣東)
A. Must; cant B. May; must
C. Can; mustnt D. Cant; can
2. —______ I try on those shoes in the window?
—______. They are just on show. (2012呼和浩特市)
A. Could; Yes, you can
B. Can; Sorry, you couldnt
C. Could; Sorry, you can
D. Can; Yes, you could
Keys: 1~2 CA