植物為什么會在不同季節(jié)開花?研究人員在新一期《科學(xué)》雜志上報告說,其秘密在于一種核糖核酸(RNA)起到了調(diào)控作用。
英國約翰·英尼斯中心的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的這種核糖核酸名為COOLAIR,是一種反義長鏈非編碼核糖核酸。長鏈非編碼核糖核酸曾被認(rèn)為沒有功用,現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)它能發(fā)揮很多重要的功能,比如影響基因的表達(dá)和染色質(zhì)沉默等。不過目前還不清楚其自身被調(diào)控的機(jī)理。
研究人員以模式植物擬南芥作為研究對象,通過遺傳篩選和基因克隆等手段,發(fā)現(xiàn)COOLAIR 受到一種叫做R 環(huán)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。R 環(huán)是由一條脫氧核糖核酸(DNA)與核糖核酸雜合鏈以及一條單鏈DNA 所形成的特殊基因組結(jié)構(gòu),一般在基因表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)錄核糖核酸時可以形成瞬時的R 環(huán),但很快會被去除。
該研究第一作者孫前文對新華社記者解釋說,COOLAIR作為一種反義長鏈非編碼核糖核酸,可以影響擬南芥的開花時間。而他們觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),R 環(huán)能夠通過抑制COOLAIR 發(fā)揮作用,從而讓擬南芥提前開花。
美國加州大學(xué)舊金山分校的科學(xué)家,通過向患有癲癇癥小鼠的大腦海馬區(qū)一次性移植內(nèi)側(cè)神經(jīng)嵴細(xì)胞(即神經(jīng)節(jié)隆起細(xì)胞),抑制了過度活躍的神經(jīng)電路中的信號,從而成功控制了小鼠的癲癇發(fā)作。這是首次報告在患有癲癇癥的成年小鼠模型中阻止癲癇發(fā)作,相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在5 月5 日《自然·神經(jīng)學(xué)》雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)版。
該研究負(fù)責(zé)人、加州大學(xué)舊金山分校神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所首席教授斯科特·巴拉邦說,細(xì)胞療法已成為癲癇癥的一個研究重點(diǎn),部分原因在于現(xiàn)有的藥物即便有效,也只能控制癥狀,不能治本。此前有科學(xué)家也曾使用其他類型的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行嚙齒動物細(xì)胞移植實驗,以嘗試阻止其癲癇發(fā)作,但均告失敗。“我們的研究結(jié)果是朝著利用抑制性神經(jīng)元對患有嚴(yán)重癲癇癥的成人進(jìn)行細(xì)胞移植方面邁出的令人鼓舞的一步?!卑屠钫f。
我國城際動車組第一單——即將投放珠三角地區(qū)的首批時速200 公里城際動車組,今天(6 日)在中國南車旗下南京浦鎮(zhèn)車輛有限公司下線。這標(biāo)志著我國城際動車組已形成產(chǎn)業(yè)化能力,不久將服務(wù)城市群之間的便捷出行。
據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計,我國目前列入城市圈城際軌道交通網(wǎng)規(guī)劃的線路有46 條,未來3 年將有2600 公里城際鐵路建成通車。2010 年8 月,中國南車浦鎮(zhèn)公司獲得珠三角地區(qū)24 列、共192 輛城際動車組訂單,速度等級包括時速200 公里和160 公里。其中,時速200 公里CRH6型城際動車組是和中國南車四方股份公司聯(lián)合設(shè)計制造。
Clothes that change their color and shape depending on the wearer's movement are being developed by researchers at a Canadian university.The project - dubbed Karma Chameleon - involves weaving electronic fabric into clothes in a way that allows the storage of energy from the body.Uses for the technology include a dress that "changes itself", and a shirt which can charge a phone.
However, it could be decades before the clothes are available to buy."We won't see such garments( 服 裝) in stores for another 20 or 30 years, but the practical and creative possibilities are exciting," said Prof Joanna Berzowska, of the Department of Design and Computation Arts at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada.
"Our goal is to create garments that can transform in complex and surprising ways - far beyond reversible jackets( 兩 面 茄 克), or shirts that change color in response to heat."Many researchers around the world are looking at smart fabrics in various shapes and forms.
In the military, British soldiers' uniforms could soon use electrically conducting yarn woven directly into the clothing, replacing cumbersome(笨重的) batteries and cabling.
Other innovations include the possibility of clothes which are able to warm the wearer - opening up the chance of wearing Hawaiian shirts and shorts in the winter months.
Although the garments designed by Ms Berzowska and team are still years from being made available, prototype designs have been developed to show the concepts in action.
One other suggested use is as a performance device - where the state and shape of the fabric is controlled by someone other than the wearer.
Ms Berzowska's ideas will be presented at a conference dedicated to smart fabric innovation to be held in San Francisco this week.