By+SEBASTIEN+ROUSSILLAT

The 集市 （jí shì）， bazaar， is a customary weekly event in rural China， when locals go to buy 蔬菜 （shū cài）， vegetables， 水果 （shuǐguǒ）， fruits， 肉 （ròu）， meat， and household equipment. The term熱鬧 （rè nao）， loud and lively， best describes this heaving scenario where vendors 叫賣(mài) （jiào mài）， shout their wares amid throngs of shoppers.

There are many Chinese idioms or phrases related to rural life and work， and also to certain vegetables and fruits.

In China， when someone boasts， or as the English idiom goes， blows their own trumpet， we would say 老王賣(mài)瓜，自賣(mài)自夸 （lǎo wáng mài guā， zì mài zì ku?。?which transliterates as the vendor Old Wang praises his own watermelons.

And the saying 種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆 （zhòng guā dé guā， zhòng dòu dé dòu）， sow melon seeds and harvest melons， sow beans and get beans， means you reap what you sow.

The phrase 豬鼻子插蔥 - 裝象 （zhū bí zi chā cōng – zhuāng xiàng）， which means a pig places scallions in its nose in efforts to resemble an elephant， describes someone pretending to be something they are not.

When talking about different tastes， the phrase 蘿卜白菜，各有所愛(ài) （luó bo bái cài， gè yǒu suǒ ài）， some like radish and some like cabbage， signifies that everyone has their own preferences， or that one mans meat is another mans poison.

Certain vegetables and fruits have particular conno- tations in Chinese. Use of the word for 土豆 （tǔ dòu）， potato， for instance， can be insulting， as in 長(zhǎng)得像土豆 （zhǎng de xiàng tǔ dòu）， which compares someones face to a potato， meaning unattractive. This may be attributed to the character 土 （tǔ）， earth， that connotes a country bumpkin， or yokel. 蘋(píng)果 （píng guǒ）， apple， has more positive associations， because 蘋(píng) is the same homophone as that in 平安 （píng ān）， peace and safety. Apples are commonly given on visits to sick friends or relatives to wish them speedy recovery， and are also popularly eaten on Christmas Eve， known as平安夜 （píng ān yè）， night of peace.

The names of vegetables and fruits convey different things in cultures. 白菜 （bái cài）， Chinese cabbage， for instance， is interpreted as 百財(cái) （bǎi cái）， great fortune， in Chinese. But in French it means failure. 玉米 （yù mǐ）， corn， also means prosperity in

China because of its golden color and ample seeds， a metaphor for many children. This is why jade ornaments are often in the shape of an ear of corn or a cabbage.

Now， lets talk about 農(nóng)業(yè) （nóng yè）， agriculture – source of the Chinese civilization. The character 農(nóng) （nóng）， agriculture， farming or farmer， looks like a person plowing. 田 （tián）， farm- land， has profound cultural implications， such as the distribution or layout of fi elds. 畝 （mǔ） originally described ridges in fi eld， but later evolved into a unit of measurement， roughly equiva- lent to 666 square meters， or 1/15 of one hectare. 男 （nán） man， is composed of 田 （tián） and 力 （lì）， strength.

The combination of the two signifies that men mainly do fi eld work.

The transliterated meaning of 肥水不流外人 （féi shuǐ bù liú wài rén tián） is that no water rich in nutrients should be channeled out of ones own field， or that one should always ensure that ones own people reap maximum benefi ts.

Many Chinese expressions relate to rural social life， as agriculture is an inextricable aspect of Chinas culture. Chairman Mao Zedong summed up the success of the Communist-led revolution as農(nóng)村包圍城市 （nóng cūn bāo wéi chéng shì）， the countryside enclosing the cities， meaning the building of Communist strongholds in Chinas rural areas to develop military strength suffi cient to take over the cities.

Sad to say， some urban residents look down upon people from rural areas. So the phrase 很農(nóng)村 （hěn nóng cūn） or just很土 （hěn tǔ）， very rural， describes something or somebody as outdated. But many people in China enjoy 農(nóng)家菜 （nóng jiācài）， countryside dishes， and 農(nóng)家樂(lè) （nóng jiā lè）， farm stays. The term also appears in the name of the legendary 神農(nóng) （shén nóng） – the Chinese ruler who introduced agriculture and personally sampled thousands of herbs to become the founder of Chinese medicine and horticulture.