By+Anonymous
On 21st-century campuses, is thereroomstillfortraditional literature such as Shakespeare? A decliningnumber ofstudentsthink so intheUS.
In the humanitiesheyday of the mid-60s, more than 1 in 3 Stanfordstudentsmajoredin languages, literature, the arts, history, cultural studies and philosophy. By 1995, only about 1 in 10 did—a figure that hadnt changed much in a decade. Meanwhile, interest in engineering, math and computersciencehadclimbed.
This trend is echoed in five decades of data from other schoolssuchasHarvard,Princeton,BrownandYale.
At a Stanford appearance in 2010, Geoffrey Harpham, director of the National Humanities Center, said the humanities mustbereinvigoratedandarecriticaltothecountrysfuture.
But for students who came of age in the Great Recession, the siren song of science can be tough to resist. And as tuition costs rise, fewer seem willing to explore the question: How do I livealifeoftruemeaning?
An analysis by Georgetown University shows that over a lifetime, the earnings of workers who majored in engineering, computer science or business were up to 50 percent higher than theearningsofthosewhomajored in thehumanities, theartsand education.
“Shakespearewasntin itfor themoney. Ifyoureall about the money, I wouldnt go there,”said Debra Satz, associate dean for Humanities and Arts. But she added humanities students who go on to graduate school and land jobs in tech-intensive fieldsdojustfine.
Magdalena Barrera is a professor of American Studies in San Jose State University. She said theres pressure from the family to major in something practical and lots of students are puttingthemselvesthroughschool.
“Many dont recognize that skills like writing or critical thinkingcanopendoorstogoodentry-leveljobs,”shesaid.
在 21世紀(jì)的大學(xué)校園里,還有莎士比亞此類傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)的空間嗎?在美國,能給出肯定答案的學(xué)生數(shù)量越來越少。20世紀(jì)60年代中期正值人文學(xué)科鼎盛時期,斯坦福大學(xué)超過三分之一的學(xué)生主修語言、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、歷史、文化或哲學(xué)專業(yè)。而到了1995年,只有大約十分之一的學(xué)生選擇這些專業(yè)了。這一數(shù)字在之后的十年里并無太大改變。與此同時,學(xué)生們對工程學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和計算機(jī)科學(xué)的興趣與日俱增。
在哈佛、普林斯頓、布朗和耶魯大學(xué)等學(xué)校過去50年的數(shù)據(jù)中,這一趨勢也有所體現(xiàn)。
2010年,美國國家人文科學(xué)中心負(fù)責(zé)人杰弗里·哈珀姆現(xiàn)身斯坦福大學(xué)的時候就曾稱,人文學(xué)科必須尋求復(fù)興,這對美國的未來非常重要。
但對于那些在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時期長大的學(xué)生們來說,來自理科的誘惑很難抵擋。同時,由于學(xué)費增加,很少有人愿意去探究像“我怎樣才能獲得真正有意義的人生”此類的問題。
喬治城大學(xué)的一項分析顯示,在同樣一生的時間里,主修工程學(xué)、計算機(jī)科學(xué)或商學(xué)的人的收入要比那些主修人文學(xué)科、藝術(shù)或教育的人高出50%。
“莎士比亞醉心于文學(xué)可不是為了錢。如果只是為了錢,我不會選擇文科?!彼固垢4髮W(xué)人文藝術(shù)學(xué)院副院長黛布拉·賽茲說。但她也補(bǔ)充說,那些繼續(xù)進(jìn)修讀研并在技術(shù)密集型領(lǐng)域工作的文科學(xué)生都做得很不錯。
瑪格達(dá)琳娜·巴雷拉是圣何塞州立大學(xué)的一名美國研究學(xué)教授。她說來自家庭的壓力會迫使學(xué)生選擇比較實用的專業(yè),還有很多學(xué)生要自己負(fù)擔(dān)學(xué)費。
“許多人并沒有意識到,像寫作或批判性思維這樣的技能可以為你打開通往第一份心儀工作的大門。”瑪格達(dá)琳娜說。endprint