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石榴嗜藍孢孔菌發(fā)酵液中一個新drimane型倍半萜

2014-05-17 00:44:04郭懷宇陸云德李正輝劉吉開
關(guān)鍵詞:波譜石榴梯度

郭懷宇,陸云德,李正輝,王 剛,劉吉開*

1安徽中醫(yī)藥大學藥學院現(xiàn)代中藥安徽省重點實驗室,合肥230031;2中國科學院昆明植物研究所植物化學與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國家重點實驗室,昆明650204

石榴嗜藍孢孔菌(Fomitiporia punicata Y.C.Dai,B.K.Cui& Decock)為擔子菌門(Basidiomycota)、傘菌綱(Agaricomycetes)、銹革孔菌目(Hymenochaetales)、銹革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)、嗜藍孢孔菌屬(Fomitiporia Murrill)高等真菌[1],子實體為多年生、木栓質(zhì)、黃褐色,三角形或馬蹄形[2]。該菌最初發(fā)現(xiàn)于陜西,生長在活的石榴(Punicagranatum L.)樹上[3],是一種寄生菌[4]。迄今為止,從該屬真菌中分離得到的化合物主要結(jié)構(gòu)涉及甾類和萜類化合物。經(jīng)文獻查閱,同屬的其他真菌具有活血痛經(jīng)、祛瘀止痛、降壓等作用,像橢圓嗜藍孢孔菌據(jù)《本草綱目》記載就有利五臟,止血活血等作用[5]。因此,為了進一步了解石榴嗜藍孢孔菌的藥理活性,本實驗對該菌的化學成分進行了系統(tǒng)研究,從石榴嗜藍孢孔菌發(fā)酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物中分離鑒定了11個化合物,其中化合物10為新化合物。

1 儀器與材料

比旋光度值由Horbia SEPA-300旋光儀測定;UV由UV-210A型分光光度計測定;IR由Bruker Tensor27型紅外光譜儀測定(KBr壓片);FAB-MS用VG Auto spec-3000型質(zhì)譜儀測定,ESI+-MS由VG AutoSpec-3000質(zhì)譜儀測定,高分辨質(zhì)譜HR-EIMS由Waters AutoSpec Premier P776質(zhì)譜儀測定;1H和13C-NMR由Bruker AM-400和DRX 500測定,內(nèi)標為TMS;柱層析硅膠(80~100目和200~300目)和薄層層析材料均為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn);分析型和制備型HPLC為Agilent1100 HPLC,色譜柱為Agilent Zorbax SB-C18和 YMC柱;Sephadex LH-20為Amersham Biosciences公司產(chǎn)品;RP-18(40~63 μm)為德國Merck公司產(chǎn)品。顯色方法為254、365 nm熒光,10%硫酸乙醇溶液和硫酸香草醛處理后加熱及碘蒸氣顯色。

石榴嗜藍孢孔菌(Fomitiporia punicata)于2006年8月采自陜西華山,由北京林業(yè)大學戴玉成教授鑒定。

2 培養(yǎng)與發(fā)酵

由昆明植物研究所李正輝工程師采用斜面轉(zhuǎn)搖瓶液體培養(yǎng)的方法對該菌種進行發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)。培養(yǎng)基:葡萄糖5%,豬肉蛋白胨0.15%,酵母粉0.5%,KH2PO4和 MgSO4各0.05%,150 rpm,24 ℃搖床發(fā)酵25 d,發(fā)酵液總量為20 L。

3 提取與分離

石榴嗜藍孢孔菌發(fā)酵液為20 L,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并萃取液濃縮得浸膏8 g。經(jīng)正相硅膠柱層析(CHCl3/MeOH,100∶0 ~ 0∶100,V/V)梯度洗脫得10個組分(A-J)。組分A以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(10∶1→1∶1)梯度洗脫得化合物 1(8.0 mg)以及 2個亞組分A1和A2。對A1以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(50∶1→1∶1)梯度洗脫得化合物 2(6.8 mg)、3(6.1 mg)、4(5.2 mg)。對第 A2經(jīng)反相 RP-18 以甲醇-水(85∶15→0∶100)梯度洗脫得 5(11 mg)。組分 B 以石油醚-丙酮(10∶1→1∶1)梯度洗脫得化合物 6(3.9 mg)和一亞組分B2。對B2經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜以丙酮體系洗脫柱色譜得化合物7(3.4 mg)和8(3.3 mg)。組分 D 以石油醚-丙酮(5∶1→1∶1)梯度洗脫得亞組分D1和D2,對D2組分經(jīng)反相-高效液相色譜法(RP-HPLC)制備柱色譜以(10% ~30%,乙腈/水)得化合物9(2.1 mg)。組分E經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20以三氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫柱色譜,得5個亞組分(E1~E5),對 E5經(jīng)反相-高效液相色譜法(RP-HPLC)制備柱色譜以(10% ~50%,乙腈/水)得化合物10(0.8 mg)。組分F以石油醚-丙酮(4∶1→1∶1)梯度洗脫的兩個亞組分F1和F2,對F2先后經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜以三氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫柱色譜后再經(jīng)反相RP-18以甲醇-水(85∶15→0∶100)梯度洗脫得化合物11(20.1 mg)。

4 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定

化合物1 無色透明油狀液體,F(xiàn)AB-MSm/z:411.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.08 ~5.15(6H,m,H-3,H-7,H-11,H-14,H-18,H-22),1.96 ~ 2.11(20H,m,H-4,H-5,H-8,H-9,H-12,H-13,H-16,H-17,H-2,H-21),1.68(6H,s,H-1,H-24),1.60(18H,s,2-CH3,6-CH3,10-CH3,15-CH3,19-CH3,23-CH3);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:135.0(s,C-6,C-19),134.8(s,C-10,C-15),131.1(s,C-2,C-23),124.4(d,C-3,C-22),124.3(d,C-7,C-11,C-14,C-18),39.7(t,C-5,C-9,C-16,C-20),28.3(t,C-12,C-13),26.8(t,C-4,C-8,C-17,H-21),25.6(q,C-1,C-24),17.6(q,2-CH3,23-CH3),16.0(q,6-CH3,10-CH3,15-CH3,19-CH3)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[6]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定該化合物為角鯊烯。

化合物2 白色無定型粉末,EI-MS(%):256[M]+(89),239 [M-OH]+(5),227 [M-C2H5]+(19),213(54),199(20),185(30),171(26),157(29),143(15),129(68),115(23),97(27),85(38),73(100),57(75);1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.35(2 H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2),1.63(2H,m,H-3),1.24(br.s,多個-CH2-),0.88(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,-CH3);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:179.9(s,C-1),34.0(t,C-2),31.9(m,C-14),29.6(m,C-6,7,8,9,10,11),29.2(m,C-5,12),29.1(m,C-4,13),24.7(m,C-3),22.7(m,C-15),14.1(t,C-16)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定該化合物為棕櫚酸。

化合物3 無色油狀物。1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.34(4H,m,H-9,H-10,H-12,H-13),2.77(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-11),2.34(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-2),2.04(4H,m,H-8,H-14),1.61(2H,m,H-3),1.20 ~1.35(m,H-4 ~ H-7,H-15 ~H-17),0.89(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:180.6(s,C-1),130.1(d,C-9),130.0(d,C-13),128.0(d,C-10),127.9(d,C-12),34.1(t,C-2),31.5(t,C-16),29.0 ~ 29.7(t,C-4 ~ C-7,C-15),27.2(t,C-8,C-14),25.6(t,C-11),24.6(t,C-3),22.6(t,C-17),14.0(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定化合物為(9Z,12Z)-十八烷二烯酸。

化合物4 無色針晶,EI-MS m/z(%):398[M]+(34),383 [M-Me]+(15),300(20),271(100),255(76),213(34),147(43),107(63),69(67);1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.14 ~ 5.10(m,H-23),3.58(m,H-3),0.99(d,J=6.6 Hz,H-21),0.88(d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.82(d,J=6.3 Hz,H-27),0.80(d,J=6.3 Hz,H-26),0.77(s,H-19),0.52(s,H-18);13CNMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:139.6(s,C-8),135.1(d,C-22),131.9(d,C-23),117.4(d,C-7),71.0(d,C-3),56.0(d,C-17),55.1(d,C-14),49.4(d,C-9),43.3(s,C-13),42.8(d,C-24),40.5(d,C-20),40.2(d,C-5),39.4(t,C-12),38.0(t,C-4),37.1(t,C-1),34.2(s,C-10),33.1(d,C-25),31.4(t,C-6),29.6(t,C-2),28.1(t,C-16),22.9(t,C-15),21.5(t,C-11),21.1(q,C-21),19.9(q,C-28),19.6(q,C-27),17.7(q,C-26),13.0(q,C-19),12.1(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[9]報道一致,確定該化合物為(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol。

化合物5 淡黃色油狀物,EI-MS m/z(%):294[M]+(45),263(34),220(2),149(18),109(40),95(77),81(100),74(31),67(88);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.35(4H,m,H-9,H-10,H-12,H-13),3.66(3H,s,-OCH3),2.77(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-11),2.30(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2),2.04(4H,m,H-8,H-14),1.60(2H,m,H-3),1.25~1.37(m,H-4 ~H-7,H-15 ~ H-17),0.88(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:174.3(s,C-1),130.1(d,C-9),130.0(d,C-10),128.0(d,C-12),127.8(d,C-13),51.4(q,-OCH3),34.0(t,C-2),31.9(t,C-8),31.5(t,C-14),29.7 ~ 22.5(t,C-3 ~ C-7 and C-15 ~ C-17),14.0(q,C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[10]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定該化合物為亞油酸甲酯。

化合物6 淺黃色晶體,mp 112~114℃;EI-MS m/z(%):392 [M]+(15),377(3),349(4),268(100),253(30),214(26),173(23),69(47);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6.58(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-7),6.00(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-6),5.70(1H,s,H-4),5.24(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-23),5.18(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-22),1.21 ~2.53(18H,m,甾體母核),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.97(3H,s,H-19),0.93(3H,s,H-18),0.90(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.82(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.78(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:199.3(s,C-3),164.2(s,C-5),156.0(s,C-14),135.0(d,C-22),133.9(d,C-7),132.6(d,C-23),124.5(d,C-6),124.3(s,C-8),123.0(d,C-4),55.8(d,C-17),44.0(d,C-9),44.0(s,C-13),42.9(d,C-24),39.2(d,C-20),36.8(s,C-10),35.7(t,C-15),34.2(t,C-12),34.1(t,C-1),33.1(d,C-25),27.7(t,C-16),25.4(t,C-11),21.2(q,C-21),20.0(q,C-27),19.7(q,C-26),19.0(t,C-2),18.9(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),16.7(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[11]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定該化合物為麥角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮。

化合物7 白色晶體,mp 152~154℃;EI-MS m/z(%):396[M]+(55),363(61),337(40),271(17),253(48),211(37),197(28),185(23),171(30),157(55),143(57),131(27),119(30),91(28),81(27),69(100),55(56);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.58(1H,m,H-6),5.38(1H,m,H-7),5.14 ~ 5.26(2H,m,H-22,H-23),3.60(1H,m,H-3),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.95(3H,s,H-19),0.92(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.84(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.82(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26),0.61(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:141.3(s,C-8),139.8(s,C-5),135.6(d,C-22),132.1(d,C-23),119.6(d,C-6),116.4(d,C-7),70.5(d,C-3),55.9(d,C-17),54.6(d,C-14),46.4(d,C-9),42.9(s,C-13),40.9(t,C-4),40.8(d,C-24),40.4(d,C-20),39.2(t,C-12),38.4(t,C-1),37.1(s,C-10),33.1(d,C-25),32.1(t,C-2),28.3(t,C-16),23.0(t,C-15),21.2(t,C-11),21.2(q,C-21),19.9(q,C-26),19.7(q,C-27),17.6(q,C-28),16.3(q,C-19),12.1(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[12]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定該化合物為麥角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇。

化合物8 無色針晶,mp 177~178℃;EI-MS m/z(%):428[M]+(10),410(4),396(100),363(35),271(7),255(37),251(14),152(30),107(22),69(63);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6.50(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-7),6.24(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-6),5.22(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-22),5.13(1H,dd,J=15.2 Hz,7.4 Hz,H-23),3.97(1H,m,H-3),0.99(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.90(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-19),0.83(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.82(3H,s,H-18),0.80(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:135.4(d,C-6),135.2(d,C-22),132.3(d,C-23),130.7(d,C-7),82.1(s,C-5),79.4(s,C-8),66.4(d,C-3),56.2(d,C-17),51.6(d,C-14),51.0(d,C-9),44.5(s,C-13),42.7(d,C-24),39.7(d,C-20),39.3(t,C-12),36.9(t,C-4),36.9(s,C-10),34.7(t,C-1),33.0(d,C-25),30.1(t,C-2),28.6(t,C-15),23.4(t,C-11),20.8(q,C-21),20.6(t,C-16),19.9(q,C-27),19.6(q,C-26),18.1(q,C-19),17.5(q,C-28),12.8(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[13]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定該化合物為過氧麥角甾醇。

化合物 9 黃色油狀物,1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.40(1H,m,H-7),5.32(1H,dd,J=15.4,8.1 Hz,H-24),5.16(1H,dd,J=15.4,8.1 Hz,H-24),4.05(1H,m,H-3),3.39(3H,s,H-18),3.16(1H,d,J=4.7 Hz,H-3),1.51(3H,s,H-20),0.92(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-29),0.84(3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-28),0.82(3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-28),0.59(3H,s,H-19);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:143.6(s,C-8),135.4(d,C-22),132.0(d,C-23),114.9(d,C-7),82.4(d,C-2),76.3(s,C-9),67.8(d,C-3),55.9(d,C-17),54.9(d,C-14),43.8(s,C-13),42.7(d,C-5),42.7(d,C-24),40.4(d,C-20),39.3(t,C-12),37.2(s,C-10),33.0(t,C-1),32.7(d,C-25),32.4(t,C-4),30.86(t,C-6),27.9(t,C-16),26.9(t,C-11),22.8(t,C-15),21.0(q,C-21),19.9(q,C-26),19.6(q,C-27),18.3(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),12.3(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[14]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定該化合物為2α-methoxyl-3β,9β-dihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene。

化合物10 無色油狀物,[α]25D-21.8(c 0.08,MeOH);UVλmax(MeOH):201;IR顯示有 OH(3423,3440 cm-1)、C=O(1740 cm-1)、C=C(1631 cm-1)等吸收信號的存在。ESI-MS顯示準分子離子峰[M+H]+在 m/z 267,HR-EI-MSm/z 266.1511,分子式為C15H22O4(計算值266.1518)。

1H NMR譜顯示了3個單峰甲基信號1.31(3H,s,H-14)、δH1.22(3H,s,H-13)和 1.06(3H,s,H-15),一個連氧的亞甲基 δH4.46(1H,dd,J=9.0,9.0 Hz,H-11β)和 4.12(1H,dd,J=9.0,9.0 Hz,H-11α),兩個連氧的次甲基 δH4.76(1H,dd,J=4.2,7.1 Hz,H-6)和 3.26(1H,m,H-3)。13C NMR和DEPT數(shù)據(jù)顯示該化合物包括15個碳原子信號峰,分別歸屬為3個甲基、3個亞甲基,5個次甲基和4個季碳信號。其中有2個烯碳(δC135.5,C-7;δC127.8,C-8),一個連氧的亞甲基(δC67.3,C-11),兩個連氧的次甲基(δC79.3,C-3;δC66.1,C-6)。通過比較化合物10和化合物12(2α,3β-dihydroxycinnamolide)、13(ugandenial A)的1H 和13C波譜數(shù)據(jù)[15,16],說明化合物10是一個 drimane型倍半萜。對比化合物10與12、13的2位、9位和11位的碳譜數(shù)據(jù)以及1H-1H COSY、HSQC和HMBC譜,得出羥基不是在2位、9位和11位(圖1)。

圖1 化合物10、12和13的化學結(jié)構(gòu)Fig.1 Chemical structures of compounds 10,12 and 13

根據(jù)1H-1H COSY和HSQC譜分析可知該化合物具有3個自旋耦合系統(tǒng),即CH2(1)-CH2(2)-CH(3)、CH(5)-CH(6)-CH(7)、CH(9)-CH2(11)。在HMBC譜中H-7與C-5和C-9相關(guān);H-11與C-12、C-10 和 C-8 相關(guān),顯示 C-9 分別與 C-8、C-10、C-11相連,且H-11與C-12相關(guān)暗示出二者通過氧原子的連接形成了一個五元環(huán);H-3與C-13和C-14相關(guān),顯示C-3與C-4相連。通過對比化合物10和12的2位和6位的δH和δC數(shù)據(jù),說明化合物12的2位次甲基和6位亞甲基在化合物10中分別變成了亞甲基和次甲基,通過以上分析確定了化合物10的平面結(jié)構(gòu)(圖2)。

圖2 化合物10的主要1 H-1 H COSY和HMBC相關(guān)圖Fig.2 Key 1 H-1 H COSY and HMBC correlations of compound 10

化合物10的相對構(gòu)型通過ROESY確定。在ROESY譜中,H-3α與 H-13和 H-5,H-13與 H-6,H-5與H-9存在著NOE效應(yīng),說明H-5、H-6、H-9和H-13的構(gòu)型是α-構(gòu)型。H-15與H-14存在著NOE效應(yīng),說明H-15和H-14的構(gòu)型是β-構(gòu)型(圖3)。綜上所述,化合物 10的結(jié)構(gòu)被鑒定為 3β,6β-dihydroxycinnamolide。化合物10的1H NMR、13C NMR數(shù)據(jù)如下。

1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6.8(1H,dd,J=3.6,3.6 Hz,H-7),4.76(1H,dd,J=4.2,7.2 Hz,H-6),4.46(1H,dd,J=9.0,9.0 Hz,H-11α),4.12(1H,dd,J=9.0,9.0 Hz,H-11β),3.26(1H,m,H-3),2.68(1H,m,H-9),1.69(1H,m,H-1α),1.68(2H,m,H-2),1.38(1H,m,H-1β),1.31(3H,s,H-14),1.22(3H,s,H-13),1.15(1H,d,J=4.8 Hz,H-5),1.06(3H,s,H-15);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:170.1(C-12),135.5(C-7),127.8(C-8),79.1(C-3),67.3(C-11),66.1(C-6),54.1(C-5),51.8(C-9),39.7(C-4),39.1(C-1),33.4(C-10),27.1(C-13),26.9(C-2),17.2(C-14),15.7(C-15)。

圖3 化合物10的ROESY相關(guān)圖Fig.3 The ROESY correlation of compound 10

化合物11 白色粉末;mp 224~226℃;EI-MS m/z(%):430[M]+(35),412(35),394(37),379(65),376(15),269(33),251(62),69(100);1H NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:5.74(1H,br.s,H-7),5.24(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-23),5.16(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-22),4.84(1H,m,H-3),4.32(1H,br.d,J=4.8 Hz,H-6),1.53(3H,s,H-19),1.07(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.94(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.85(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.84(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26),0.67(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:141.6(s,C-8),136.2(d,C-22),132.5(d,C-23),120.4(d,C-7),76.5(s,C-5),74.3(d,C-6),67.6(d,C-3),56.5(d,C-17),55.2(d,C-14),43.9(s,C-13),43.8(d,C-9),43.0(d,C-24),42.0(t,C-4),40.7(d,C-20),40.1(t,C-12),38.1(s,C-10),33.8(t,C-1),33.1(d,C-25),32.6(t,C-2),28.2(t,C-16),23.5(t,C-15),22.4(t,C-11),21.3(q,C-21),20.1(q,C-27),20.67(q,C-26),18.8(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),12.3(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[17]數(shù)據(jù)報道一致,確定該化合物為麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇。

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12 Shi Y(石瑛),Tian L(田黎),Wang J(王婧),et al.Studies on the chemical constituents of the fermentation liquid from marine actinomyces Micromonospora sp.a(chǎn)nd bacteria Oceanospirillum sp.Chin J Mar Drugs(中國海洋藥物雜志),2006,25:6-10.

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