馬媛媛
1 教學背景分析
雙語教學是指除漢語外,用一門外語作為課堂主要用語進行學科教學,目前絕大部分是用英語。它要求教師用正確流利的英語進行知識的講解,但不絕對排除漢語,避免由于語言滯后造成學生的思維障礙;教師應利用非語言行為,直觀、形象地提示和幫助學生理解教學內容,以降低學生在英語理解上的難度。
南京外國語學校的學生在進校時都通過了綜合英語能力測試,均是南京市小學畢業(yè)生中的佼佼者。進入我校后,英語采用小班化、全英文的教學模式,學生在日常聽、說方面不存在問題。生物課作為學校教育的一個重要組成部分,且具備語境教學的優(yōu)勢條件, 在生物課上采用雙語進行教學,采用情境式、滲透式、沉浸式的雙語教學方式,通過情景交際的語境, 對激發(fā)學生生物課的興趣,有積極的幫助。
八年級學生的英語水平比較有限,如果由教師來用漢語和英語輪流著講解,學生很可能只注意漢語意思,而不能真正注意英語的部分,也不利于學生參與到教學活動之中,同時會大大縮減課堂教學的容量。而通過情境教學、多媒體展示等直觀的方式,一方面,使學生參與到了教學活動中;另一方面,由于在課上說英語的人不只是教師一個人,也不只是一兩個學生,而是分配給了很多學生,這樣就降低了難度,教師和學生在心理上都不會過分緊張,從而使雙語教學得以順利進行。
“動物行為的生理基礎”是蘇教版教科書八年級上冊第十七章第二節(jié)。本節(jié)主要在上節(jié)課完成教科書設置的游戲——“動物行為的分類”的基礎上,通過小組競答的方式,識別各種類型的動物行為;并進一步通過歸類、比較,引導學生總結出影響動物行為的生理基礎。
2 教學目標的確定
本節(jié)課的主要教學目標是:通過閱讀、頭腦風暴、小組競答等學習活動,能夠舉例說明動物的先天性行為與后天性行為;理解動物行為的生理基礎,并通過對動物行為的探究,理解動物行為現(xiàn)象與行為本質之間的辯證關系;樹立辯證唯物主義的自然觀;通過動物后天“學習”行為的啟示,培養(yǎng)愛科學、學科學的科學探索精神。
3 情境創(chuàng)設
將上節(jié)課學生搜集的有關動物行為的圖片用課件展示,通過對上節(jié)課游戲的簡單回顧,讓學生總結出先天性行為和后天性行為的特點。
4 教學過程設計
(1) 復習導入:
教學內容:動物行為的分類:先天性行為、后天性行為。
師:展示上節(jié)課學生搜集的圖片,回顧舊知識,承接下面的問題。
Do you remember these pictures? Last lesson we played a game about animal behavior. We found many pictures and divided them into two types. What are they?
生:Innate behavior and learned behavior.
設計意圖:開門見山,教師通過承上啟下的問題,使學生溫故知新進入本堂課的內容,也為下面的學習做好準備。
(2) 頭腦風暴:
① 動物先天性行為的定義、舉例。
師:展示動物先天性行為的圖片。
師:Can you find something in common among these pictures?What kind of behavior do they belong to?
生:These pictures are all examples of “Innate behavior”.
師:Whats the definition of innate behavior?
生:動物生來就有的,由遺傳物質決定的行為稱為先天性行為,又稱本能行為。
師:Who can give us some examples of Innate behavior?
學生舉例。
師:舉例并播放相關視頻Examples: bees collecting honey; ants building their nest; spiders weaving webs; bird migration; mammals bringing up their young; bees cleaning the nest and taking care of their babies.
② 動物后天性行為的定義、舉例。
師:Can you find something in common among these pictures?What kind of behavior do they belong to?
學生觀察圖片,找出共同點,繼而總結出“先天性行為”的定義。
師:These pictures are all examples of “Learned behavior”.Whats the definition of learned behavior?
生:后天性行為不是生來就有的,是動物通過積累生活經驗和“學習”逐漸建立起來的行為。
師:Who can give us some examples of learned behavior?
學生舉例。
師:舉例并播放相關視頻Example: The dolphins are trained to head balls、 revolve and dance.
師:Life experience and learning play a crucial role in developing learned behavior. For example, young chimpanzees copy adults to catch termites from a cave with a wet branch.Another example, here is a very clever Chimpanzee. Lets watch a flash about it.endprint
教師播放相關Flash動畫。
設計意圖:對于簡單易懂直觀的內容,由學生自主學習為主,合理得當?shù)奶幚?,效果更佳?/p>
③ 動物后天性行為的重要意義。
師:The complicated behavior of higher animals are mainly learned. But why the animals need to study? In other words , what is the meaning of learned behavior? You can discuss this question with your parterner and then I will ask someone to answer.
四人小組就“動物后天性行為的意義”展開討論。
討論完畢,小組代表發(fā)言。
生:Learning is the process by which higher animals respond to the information of the environment and then produce their new behaviors through their nervous system. Learning relates mainly with the cerebral cortex. So the more developed an animals cerebral cortex, the stronger its learning capability, and the better the animal adapts to the environment.
設計意圖:學生互相討論,使要解決的問題變得簡單,最后匯報交流,達到一致的意見,解決了重點。
④ 教師及時小結:
Distinguish “Innate behavior”and “Learned behavior”.
播放Flash,請學生完成。
學生代表上講臺操作。
設計意圖:簡單對剛剛學習的內容做一個反饋,以承接以下的內容。
師:Now we know that some movements of animals such as crawling, running, swimming, flying, and some actions such as eating, reproducing, attacking, defending, as well as pricking up ones ears, pronouncing, changing body color and so on are all examples of animal behavior. The animal behavior is the reaction to the outside.
師:Do you know what organs and system take part in the formation of animal behavior? Lets look at an example first. Do you like to go to the zoo? Do you like the peacock? Do you know how to make him dance for you?
生:We can clap our hands or show him a colorful handkerchief. As soon as he sees it, he will show his beautiful tail for us.
師:What can you learn from this example? How many organs and systems take part in? And what are they?
生:When the peacock sees the handkerchief he gets some information through his eyes (vision). His brain explains and organizes these information again. Then the brain give the order. As a result, we can see his beautiful tail.
綜合學生的回答后,得出結論:So the formation of animal behavior depends not only on the motor organs to participate but also the nervous system and endocrine system to regulate and control.
Nervous regulation神經調節(jié)。
師:The nervous system consists of brain、spinal cord and nerves. How can the nervous system control the animal behavior? Here is a well-known experiment about a kind of fish called “Sanciyu”.
教師出示相關圖片,繼續(xù)講解。
師:The male fishs belly turns red when the reproductive season comes. The males receive the red signals through their eyes. As a result, their nervous system give the order to find each other to fight. All these are controlled by nervous system.endprint