張凱迪 陳躍武 孫良和等
摘要 [目的]探討缽形毯狀秧盤育秧機插技術(shù),在淮北黏土地區(qū)的適應(yīng)性,為在該地區(qū)大規(guī)模推廣應(yīng)用該農(nóng)機具提供理論依據(jù)。[方法]采用常規(guī)毯狀秧盤與缽形毯狀秧盤機插對比試驗的方法,于2013年在東辛分公司選擇試驗面積10 hm2 ,當(dāng)年統(tǒng)計兩種育秧盤的秧苗素質(zhì)、栽插均勻度、莖蘗和葉齡狀況、產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素狀況,進行成本及經(jīng)濟效益分析。[結(jié)果]缽形毯狀秧盤育的秧苗其根量、主莖高、莖基寬、白根數(shù)、百株干重和質(zhì)量高比均優(yōu)于常規(guī)毯狀秧盤育的苗,當(dāng)年缽形毯狀秧盤育秧機插技術(shù)平均產(chǎn)量達11 640 kg/hm2,比常規(guī)毯狀秧盤育秧機插技術(shù)增產(chǎn)4.6%。[結(jié)論]試驗證明水稻缽形毯狀秧盤育秧機插技術(shù)是一項節(jié)
本、增效的水稻機械種植技術(shù),適合在淮北黏土地區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用。
關(guān)鍵詞 水稻;機插;缽形毯狀秧苗;高產(chǎn)栽培
中圖分類號 S223.91 文獻標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2014)05-01558-03
Abstract [Objective] To discuss the adaptability of bowl and blanket shaped seedling transplanting technology in clay area of Huaibei, which will provide theoretical basis for largescale application of the machine. [Method] Selecting 10 hm2 area to conduct contrast experiments in 2013, the seedling quality, transplanting eveness, tiller and leaf age, yield and components were investigated to conduct cost and economic benefit analysis. [Result] The root quantity, main stem height, stem width, white root number and dry weight 100 plants, ratio of quality and height of bowl and blanket shaped seedlings are all superior than that of general blanket seedlings. The average yield of the former one is 11 640 kg/hm2, increased by 4.6% than general blanket shaped seedlings. [Conclusion] The transplanting technology of bowl and blanket shaped seedling is a costsaving and efficientincreasing technology, which is appropriate for extension and application in clay area of Huaibei.
Key words Rice; Machine transplanting; Bowl and blanket shaped seedling; High yield cultivation
水稻缽形毯狀育苗機是中國水稻研究所研發(fā)的具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的新型水稻機械[1]。針對傳統(tǒng)盤育苗機插存在的問題,該技術(shù)采用缽形毯狀秧盤,培育具有上毯下缽形狀的秧苗,按塊定量取秧機插,可提高插秧機取秧的精確度,實現(xiàn)缽苗機插。該技術(shù)結(jié)合了缽形秧苗和盤育苗機插的特點和優(yōu)點[2-3];具有成苗高、秧苗素質(zhì)好,機插質(zhì)量好,傷秧傷根少,秧苗返青快,增產(chǎn)效果好等優(yōu)點。近年來,在全國10多個省區(qū)示范推廣,一般增產(chǎn)5%~10%(圖1、2)。為考察該育苗技術(shù)在淮北黏土地區(qū)的適應(yīng)性,預(yù)測該機具在該水稻種植區(qū)的推廣效果,2013年5~6月在江蘇農(nóng)墾農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展股份公司東辛分公司淮北生產(chǎn)區(qū)進行了試驗。
2.3 莖蘗動態(tài)
從圖4可以看出,移栽后7~15 d,缽形毯狀秧苗返青快,分蘗發(fā)生早,栽后15~20 d,缽形毯狀秧苗比常規(guī)毯狀秧苗莖蘗數(shù)日增量多1.8×104個/hm2,栽后20~30 d,缽形毯狀秧苗比常規(guī)毯狀秧苗莖蘗數(shù)日增量多0.75×104個/hm2,缽形毯狀秧苗高峰苗比常規(guī)毯狀秧苗平均多30.0×104株/hm2,至成熟期2種方式群體莖蘗數(shù)差異不明顯。說明缽形毯狀秧苗栽插后返青快,分蘗早,高峰苗群體大,為提供足夠的有效穗數(shù)有了保證。
3 結(jié)論與討論
缽形毯狀秧苗有幾個方面優(yōu)勢:一是秧苗素質(zhì)高;二是移栽時秧苗根系保護好,植傷輕,分蘗早發(fā)生快,緩苗期短;三是莖蘗動態(tài)發(fā)展合理,能在有效分蘗臨界葉齡期準(zhǔn)時夠苗,高峰苗數(shù)量適中,拔節(jié)期之后莖蘗消減平穩(wěn),最終成穗率較高。而常規(guī)毯狀秧苗機插秧苗素質(zhì)不高,移栽時植傷較重,緩苗期較長,個體與群體發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào),栽插不均勻,成穗數(shù)不高。該試驗認證出缽形毯狀秧盤育秧機插技術(shù)為一項節(jié)本、增效的機械化種植技術(shù),適合在淮北黏土地區(qū)大面積推廣應(yīng)用。
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