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給校報(bào)寫信:關(guān)注霧霾現(xiàn)象

2014-07-03 14:37段永華
高中生學(xué)習(xí)·高二版 2014年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:書面狀語(yǔ)句式

段永華

近年高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)試題,注重用半開(kāi)放式的提示給考生足夠的發(fā)揮空間。而書信,比如建議信的寫作也是高考書面表達(dá)考查的熱點(diǎn)體裁之一。

【試題呈現(xiàn)】

2013年以來(lái),全國(guó)多地遭霧霾襲擊,這引起人們對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量的關(guān)注。假設(shè)你叫李華,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫篇短文向校報(bào)投稿,介紹相關(guān)情況。本篇書面表達(dá)反映當(dāng)今的熱點(diǎn)話題:霧霾天氣與環(huán)保。從提示信息看,本文應(yīng)該有下面幾個(gè)要點(diǎn):

1. 空氣污染現(xiàn)狀。2013年以來(lái),全國(guó)多地遭霧霾襲擊,這引起人們對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量的關(guān)注。

2. 霧霾的原因:這一點(diǎn)需要結(jié)合生活實(shí)際適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,比如汽車尾氣的污染,工廠的污染等;

3. 采取的措施:結(jié)合生活實(shí)際適當(dāng)展開(kāi)敘述,講一講我們應(yīng)該做些什么:①使用公交;②栽種樹(shù)木。

4. 結(jié)尾:我們工共同努力,建設(shè)美好家園。

習(xí)作一

In recent months haze has frequently appeared in our country, especially in the northern part.

People pay attention to this. Because it is very serious. For example, we breathe in the poisonous air, we may fall ill, and we will suffer badly.

I think there are many reasons why haze is filled in the air. People dont pay enough attention to protect the environment. Besides, there are too many cars in the street that they give off a lot of pollution. As a result, the air is polluted and there is haze in many parts of our country.

As far as I am concerned, Ill do what I can to improve the environment. First, Ill go to school by bus instead of going in a car. Second, Ill call on the people around me to develop some environmentally-friendly habits, and show our respect for the environment.

So, lets protect the environment together.

這是一篇中檔習(xí)作。

1. 寫作中運(yùn)用了一些高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ),比如give off, as a result, instead of, develop, environmentally-friendly, show respect for等。

2. 文章基本圍繞所給要點(diǎn)逐條展開(kāi)敘述,而且敘述有層次,使用了一些過(guò)渡詞,比如besides, first, second, so。這些過(guò)渡詞的使用增加了文章的層次感。

3. 文章使用了一些句式結(jié)構(gòu),比如and連接并列句,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,as far as+狀語(yǔ)從句,what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。以及不定式作賓補(bǔ)等。

文章還有不足之處有待完善:

1. 文中出現(xiàn)了一些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤:①because引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句卻沒(méi)有主句;②and連接簡(jiǎn)單句并列,而and連接簡(jiǎn)單句是高分作文之大忌;③出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá),比如haze is filled in the air,建議修改為haze is distributed thickly in the air,或the air is filled with haze;

2. 在嘗試寫一些復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)出現(xiàn)了表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤,如:there are too many cars in the street that they give off a lot of pollution,這個(gè)句子里的too應(yīng)該改為so與后文的that構(gòu)成so…that結(jié)構(gòu)表示“如此……以致于”。

3. 結(jié)尾句原本應(yīng)該掀起一個(gè)高潮,回應(yīng)主題,但本文結(jié)尾來(lái)了個(gè)無(wú)病呻吟式的祈使句,最好改用強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝等句式來(lái)結(jié)束全文。

習(xí)作二

Actually, haze has frequently appeared in our country, especially in the northern part. This has aroused widespread concern at home and abroad. There are more traffic accidents and more people suffering from haze-related health problems.

Several factors may account for this. To begin with, there are far too many cars in the street, giving off poisonous gases. Secondly, enormous coal and gas is consumed in factories, which is also to blame for the condition. Whats worse, the many smokers in our country also contribute to the problem.endprint

Luckily, the public has now become aware of the problem, and the government has stepped in to deal with it. When it comes to us students, there are many things we can do. For one thing, we can use public transportation instead of private cars and use clean energy. Meanwhile, we can plant more trees and grass around the campus to produce more fresh air. Im sure that with the joint effors of the government and the public, things will surely improve before it becomes worse.

這是一篇高檔習(xí)作。

1. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,段落的銜接與過(guò)渡自然。作者使用三段式的篇章結(jié)構(gòu),分別敘述漢語(yǔ)提示中的三個(gè)要點(diǎn),各要點(diǎn)的敘述發(fā)揮自然,主題突出,沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)表達(dá)上的錯(cuò)誤。

2. 本文詞匯豐富,使用了arouse,enormous,consume,joint,suffer from,haze-related,account for,give off,contribute to,become aware of等高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)。

3. 文章使用了各種句式結(jié)構(gòu),比如現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,be to blame結(jié)構(gòu),when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句等。

4. 為確保各要點(diǎn)的敘述完整,使用了過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ),比如在敘述原因時(shí)使用了to begin with, secondly, whats worse;敘述做法時(shí)使用了for one thing, meanwhile等,這樣保證了行文連貫。

【拓展語(yǔ)料】

解釋某一現(xiàn)象、闡述事情的原因,或提出解決問(wèn)題的方法,都是高考書面表達(dá)考查的熱點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中我們應(yīng)該注重相關(guān)詞匯和句式的積累,并注意文章的布局謀篇。

寫作模板

此模板的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:①問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀與嚴(yán)重性;②問(wèn)題的根源,或如何解決;③我對(duì)解決此問(wèn)題的看法。

參考模板(一):

In recent years, we have to face an annoying problem. That is, (某種問(wèn)題), which is becoming more and more serious, (用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀). As a consequence, measures must be taken to deal with it before its too late.

1. 合理安排書面表達(dá)的寫作時(shí)間

英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)應(yīng)該用25分鐘的時(shí)間完成。不知該如何繼續(xù)敘述了。只有安排了足夠的寫作時(shí)間,我們才能做到“有話好好說(shuō),有話慢慢說(shuō)”,把要點(diǎn)有條不紊地表達(dá)全面,敘述中才能保證要點(diǎn)齊全,過(guò)渡自然,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)用語(yǔ)或表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤,并且才能保證有足夠的時(shí)間去精心組織語(yǔ)言材料,使用豐富的詞匯和各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

2. 認(rèn)真審題,準(zhǔn)確敘述

審題包括閱讀提供的寫作素材,弄清短文的體裁、格式、字?jǐn)?shù),還有敘述的人稱、時(shí)態(tài),再確定寫作要點(diǎn),列出簡(jiǎn)要的提綱。

在書面表達(dá)的訓(xùn)練中,我們要養(yǎng)成嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牧?xí)慣,從一詞一句到全篇結(jié)構(gòu),都應(yīng)該仔細(xì)琢磨,還要抄寫工整,格式正確。endprint

Luckily, the public has now become aware of the problem, and the government has stepped in to deal with it. When it comes to us students, there are many things we can do. For one thing, we can use public transportation instead of private cars and use clean energy. Meanwhile, we can plant more trees and grass around the campus to produce more fresh air. Im sure that with the joint effors of the government and the public, things will surely improve before it becomes worse.

這是一篇高檔習(xí)作。

1. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,段落的銜接與過(guò)渡自然。作者使用三段式的篇章結(jié)構(gòu),分別敘述漢語(yǔ)提示中的三個(gè)要點(diǎn),各要點(diǎn)的敘述發(fā)揮自然,主題突出,沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)表達(dá)上的錯(cuò)誤。

2. 本文詞匯豐富,使用了arouse,enormous,consume,joint,suffer from,haze-related,account for,give off,contribute to,become aware of等高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)。

3. 文章使用了各種句式結(jié)構(gòu),比如現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,be to blame結(jié)構(gòu),when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句等。

4. 為確保各要點(diǎn)的敘述完整,使用了過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ),比如在敘述原因時(shí)使用了to begin with, secondly, whats worse;敘述做法時(shí)使用了for one thing, meanwhile等,這樣保證了行文連貫。

【拓展語(yǔ)料】

解釋某一現(xiàn)象、闡述事情的原因,或提出解決問(wèn)題的方法,都是高考書面表達(dá)考查的熱點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中我們應(yīng)該注重相關(guān)詞匯和句式的積累,并注意文章的布局謀篇。

寫作模板

此模板的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:①問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀與嚴(yán)重性;②問(wèn)題的根源,或如何解決;③我對(duì)解決此問(wèn)題的看法。

參考模板(一):

In recent years, we have to face an annoying problem. That is, (某種問(wèn)題), which is becoming more and more serious, (用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀). As a consequence, measures must be taken to deal with it before its too late.

1. 合理安排書面表達(dá)的寫作時(shí)間

英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)應(yīng)該用25分鐘的時(shí)間完成。不知該如何繼續(xù)敘述了。只有安排了足夠的寫作時(shí)間,我們才能做到“有話好好說(shuō),有話慢慢說(shuō)”,把要點(diǎn)有條不紊地表達(dá)全面,敘述中才能保證要點(diǎn)齊全,過(guò)渡自然,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)用語(yǔ)或表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤,并且才能保證有足夠的時(shí)間去精心組織語(yǔ)言材料,使用豐富的詞匯和各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

2. 認(rèn)真審題,準(zhǔn)確敘述

審題包括閱讀提供的寫作素材,弄清短文的體裁、格式、字?jǐn)?shù),還有敘述的人稱、時(shí)態(tài),再確定寫作要點(diǎn),列出簡(jiǎn)要的提綱。

在書面表達(dá)的訓(xùn)練中,我們要養(yǎng)成嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牧?xí)慣,從一詞一句到全篇結(jié)構(gòu),都應(yīng)該仔細(xì)琢磨,還要抄寫工整,格式正確。endprint

Luckily, the public has now become aware of the problem, and the government has stepped in to deal with it. When it comes to us students, there are many things we can do. For one thing, we can use public transportation instead of private cars and use clean energy. Meanwhile, we can plant more trees and grass around the campus to produce more fresh air. Im sure that with the joint effors of the government and the public, things will surely improve before it becomes worse.

這是一篇高檔習(xí)作。

1. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,段落的銜接與過(guò)渡自然。作者使用三段式的篇章結(jié)構(gòu),分別敘述漢語(yǔ)提示中的三個(gè)要點(diǎn),各要點(diǎn)的敘述發(fā)揮自然,主題突出,沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)表達(dá)上的錯(cuò)誤。

2. 本文詞匯豐富,使用了arouse,enormous,consume,joint,suffer from,haze-related,account for,give off,contribute to,become aware of等高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)。

3. 文章使用了各種句式結(jié)構(gòu),比如現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,be to blame結(jié)構(gòu),when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句等。

4. 為確保各要點(diǎn)的敘述完整,使用了過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ),比如在敘述原因時(shí)使用了to begin with, secondly, whats worse;敘述做法時(shí)使用了for one thing, meanwhile等,這樣保證了行文連貫。

【拓展語(yǔ)料】

解釋某一現(xiàn)象、闡述事情的原因,或提出解決問(wèn)題的方法,都是高考書面表達(dá)考查的熱點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中我們應(yīng)該注重相關(guān)詞匯和句式的積累,并注意文章的布局謀篇。

寫作模板

此模板的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:①問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀與嚴(yán)重性;②問(wèn)題的根源,或如何解決;③我對(duì)解決此問(wèn)題的看法。

參考模板(一):

In recent years, we have to face an annoying problem. That is, (某種問(wèn)題), which is becoming more and more serious, (用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀). As a consequence, measures must be taken to deal with it before its too late.

1. 合理安排書面表達(dá)的寫作時(shí)間

英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)應(yīng)該用25分鐘的時(shí)間完成。不知該如何繼續(xù)敘述了。只有安排了足夠的寫作時(shí)間,我們才能做到“有話好好說(shuō),有話慢慢說(shuō)”,把要點(diǎn)有條不紊地表達(dá)全面,敘述中才能保證要點(diǎn)齊全,過(guò)渡自然,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)用語(yǔ)或表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤,并且才能保證有足夠的時(shí)間去精心組織語(yǔ)言材料,使用豐富的詞匯和各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

2. 認(rèn)真審題,準(zhǔn)確敘述

審題包括閱讀提供的寫作素材,弄清短文的體裁、格式、字?jǐn)?shù),還有敘述的人稱、時(shí)態(tài),再確定寫作要點(diǎn),列出簡(jiǎn)要的提綱。

在書面表達(dá)的訓(xùn)練中,我們要養(yǎng)成嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牧?xí)慣,從一詞一句到全篇結(jié)構(gòu),都應(yīng)該仔細(xì)琢磨,還要抄寫工整,格式正確。endprint

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