李祥妹 劉亞洲 曹麗萍
摘要 作為快速交通流線的主要形式,高速鐵路建設能有效拓展區(qū)域人口流動空間、增強區(qū)域聯(lián)系度。本研究以滬寧城際高速鐵路為例,基于宏觀經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系及問卷調(diào)查,通過構建經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度模型、人口流動空間聯(lián)系指數(shù)以及產(chǎn)業(yè)人口聯(lián)系指數(shù),定量分析城際高速鐵路建設對區(qū)域人口流動空間的影響,探討滬寧地區(qū)“一軸雙核”經(jīng)濟結構運行機理。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):①滬寧城際高速鐵路建設有效拓寬了城市間人口流動時空,縮短了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟距離,以南京市和上海市為核心的人口、產(chǎn)業(yè)以及經(jīng)濟空間集聚效應明顯,寧鎮(zhèn)揚(南京、鎮(zhèn)江、揚州)和蘇錫常(蘇州、無錫、常州)一體化程度增加,并且上海市與蘇錫常地區(qū)相互聯(lián)系增強,人口、產(chǎn)業(yè)、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展均質(zhì)化程度提高;②高速鐵路建成后,南京及上海周邊地區(qū)呈現(xiàn)人口集聚的極核效應,上海與蘇州、無錫與常州、南京與鎮(zhèn)江的人口流動聯(lián)系強度加強,高速鐵路沿線區(qū)域“一軸雙核”空間發(fā)展特征明顯,經(jīng)濟一體化趨勢加快;③滬寧城際高速鐵路建成后,沿線居民出行頻次增加,尤其是20-44歲之間的有較高職業(yè)聲望的青壯年勞動力流動頻次增加顯著,這種微觀變化一方面表征了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系度的增加,另一方面體現(xiàn)了區(qū)域人力資本之間的融合與相互依賴,是經(jīng)濟一體化的內(nèi)在表現(xiàn)形式;④高速鐵路服務水平、舒適度、準時性、高效性等是居民選擇乘坐高速鐵路的主要影響因子,居民出行及相互交流更注重實效;⑤結合區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)分工與人口集聚,上海、南京的批發(fā)和零售業(yè)、文化、體育和娛樂業(yè)等,鎮(zhèn)江市的信息傳輸、計算機服務和軟件業(yè)等的產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動趨勢指數(shù)為正值,這些產(chǎn)業(yè)人口的流動是區(qū)域人口集聚的主要因素;同時蘇州、無錫的制造業(yè)、常州的金融業(yè)等產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動趨勢指數(shù)為負值,從而導致這些城市人口呈現(xiàn)擴散趨勢。
關鍵詞 滬寧城際高速鐵路;經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度;人口流動空間;產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動趨勢
中圖分類號 F061.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1002-2104(2014)06-0140-08 doi:103969/jissn1002-2104201406021
隨著區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,城市間空間聯(lián)系度進一步加強,經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)城際高速鐵路(Highspeed Rail,HSR)通過縮短城市間時空距離和經(jīng)濟距離加速了城際人口、資金、信息、技術等要素的交流,改變了交通沿線城市社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進程和空間聯(lián)系機理,通過加速區(qū)域間的人口流動頻率來加強聯(lián)系強度,為區(qū)域發(fā)展提供了新的途徑,高速鐵路成為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化、產(chǎn)業(yè)與人口集聚以及產(chǎn)業(yè)重組與地域分工的主要動力。
關于城際高速鐵路對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟影響的研究最早起源于20世紀70年代,以歐盟國家、日本以及美國為核心,通過定量模型分析高速鐵路背景下區(qū)域可達性變化特征[1-3]、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展及經(jīng)濟結構變化機理[4-6]、高速鐵路對人口集聚、就業(yè)特征[7-8]以及房地產(chǎn)價格變化[9-10]的影響等,認為高速鐵路的建設有效拓展了核心城市的發(fā)展空間,密切了主城與衛(wèi)星城市之間的關系,拓展了核心城市發(fā)展的腹地,是城市生態(tài)健康發(fā)展的基礎與保障,也是大都市帶(Megalopolis)形成的基礎。
近年來隨著我國高速鐵路的快速發(fā)展,國內(nèi)關于高速鐵路建設對區(qū)域發(fā)展的研究也不斷得到加強,主要集中在長三角和京津塘地區(qū),研究視角包括高速鐵路建設背景下區(qū)域可達性變化機理及區(qū)域空間經(jīng)濟格局演化 [11-12]、高速鐵路對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的綜合影響[13-14]、旅客出行行為及跨區(qū)域流動特征[15]等,研究方法多為定性描述[16-18],對于高速鐵路建設背景下區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展微觀作用機理、區(qū)域人口流動特征等的關注較少。基于此,本研究以滬寧城際高速鐵路沿線地區(qū)為研究對象,在宏觀分析城市經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系基
礎上結合旅客出行行為特征、區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展特征等,構建人口流動指數(shù)及產(chǎn)業(yè)人口關聯(lián)指數(shù)模型,定量評估區(qū)域人口集聚、產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動的微觀機理,為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化戰(zhàn)略制定提供依據(jù)。
1 研究區(qū)概況及數(shù)據(jù)來源
1.1 研究區(qū)概況
本研究區(qū)域為長江三角洲城市群(Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis)核心區(qū),該地區(qū)是我國城市群最密集、生產(chǎn)力最發(fā)達、經(jīng)濟增長最強勁、發(fā)展最具活力的區(qū)域之一,
該區(qū)域是我國城鎮(zhèn)密度最高的區(qū)域之一,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展處于全國前列,2012年上海經(jīng)濟總量突破2萬億元,江蘇省人均GDP突破1萬美元。但區(qū)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的內(nèi)部協(xié)調(diào)性不足,環(huán)境壓力大,內(nèi)部聯(lián)動性較弱,產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部分工及協(xié)調(diào)性欠佳,資金、人才、原材料等的空間布局不夠合理,區(qū)域同城化趨勢受行政區(qū)劃阻遏較多。
以2010年7月1日建成通車的滬寧城際高速鐵路(簡稱滬寧城際高鐵)為研究對象(見圖1),沿線主要城市有上海市、蘇州市、無錫市、常州市、鎮(zhèn)江市和南京市等6個城市,設有上海站/上海虹橋站、上海西、南翔北、安亭北、花橋、昆山南、陽澄湖、蘇州工業(yè)園區(qū)、蘇州、蘇州高新區(qū)、無錫新區(qū)、無錫、惠山、戚墅堰、常州、丹陽、丹徒、鎮(zhèn)江、寶華山、仙林、南京/南京南等23個站點。
1.2 數(shù)據(jù)來源
本文數(shù)據(jù)來源分為宏觀統(tǒng)計和微觀調(diào)查兩類數(shù)據(jù),宏觀統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)主要來源于各市統(tǒng)計年鑒,微觀調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)來源于2013年5月對滬寧城際高速鐵路沿線6個站點的調(diào)查問卷。問卷調(diào)查中,首先于2013年4月23、24日在南京站進行了預調(diào)研,共發(fā)放問卷250份,通過預調(diào)研分析問卷設計中存在的問題、了解問卷調(diào)查中需要注意的方向,并在此基礎上對問卷進行了完善,正式調(diào)查于2013年5月6-10日進行,主要在上海、蘇州、無錫、常州、鎮(zhèn)江5個城際高速鐵路站候車室對旅客進行了問卷調(diào)查及訪談。為避免周末非工作旅客的干擾,調(diào)研時間集中于周一到周五,問卷發(fā)放時段為8∶00-20∶00,涵蓋了城際高速鐵路發(fā)車的高峰時間段。包括預調(diào)研共發(fā)放問卷1 500份,回收1 483份,回收率98.87%;其中有效問卷共1 412份,有效率為95.21%。
1 412份有效調(diào)查問卷中有666%的乘客為男性,年齡集中在25-44歲之間,教育水平以大專及本科以上學歷為主,主要為銷售/服務人口、企事業(yè)單位管理人口/職員和專業(yè)技術/研究人口,呈現(xiàn)專業(yè)型和商務型旅行特征:從旅客收入看,月收入在3 001-5 000元之間的占312%,5 001-7 000元和7 000元以上分別占227%、212%,以中高收入為主。
3 結果分析
3.1 滬寧高速鐵路沿線城市經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度
基于經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度模型,計算出2009年和2011年滬寧高速鐵路沿線6個城市對外經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度,對比2009年和2011年滬寧城際高速鐵路沿線城市對外經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度增長率可以發(fā)現(xiàn),滬寧城際高速鐵路的建成通車大大提高了城市間對外經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度,平均增長率達到了279%。高速鐵路起始點城市——南京市、上海市平均增長速率高達300%(其中南京市是6個城市中經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度變化最大的,變化幅度達312.52%),區(qū)域“一軸雙核”特征明顯。隨著城際高速鐵路的開通,上海市不僅與距離較近的蘇州市、無錫市經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度加強,而且對常州市、鎮(zhèn)江市、南京市的輻射作用也進一步加強,經(jīng)濟系強度增長率達到了300%以上,上海市龍頭地位明顯;蘇州市與常州市、南京市的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度增長率也在300%以上,成為繼上海市之后滬寧城際鐵路沿線第二經(jīng)濟核心;與此同時,常州市與南京市、鎮(zhèn)江市之間的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度得到了快速提升,有效彌補了滬寧產(chǎn)業(yè)帶中間段聯(lián)系稀疏的缺陷,對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟聯(lián)動意義重大;無錫市與上海、蘇州、常州、南京4市的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度增長超過200%,但與鎮(zhèn)江的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系增長速度相對較慢,因此有待建立更多的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟資源互補最終實現(xiàn)區(qū)域共同發(fā)展。
3.2 滬寧城際高速鐵路沿線城市人口流動空間特征
人口流動頻率是城市間經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系考察的主要指標之一[21],在一定程度上可以反應人口流動空間特征,能有效反應城市間經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系狀況,因此可以通過分析人口流動空間特征來表征區(qū)域經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系狀況。
3.2.1 人口流動空間聯(lián)系指數(shù)變化分析
基于問卷數(shù)據(jù)通過人口流動空間聯(lián)系指數(shù)模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)上海市對沿線城市人口吸引力最強,人口流入指數(shù)為8227,流出指數(shù)為7774,居于6城市之首;鎮(zhèn)江市人口流動聯(lián)系指數(shù)最低,無論是流入指數(shù)(5252)還是流出指數(shù)(5729)都處于6市最后一位,從一個側面反映出人口流動空間聯(lián)系指數(shù)與區(qū)域?qū)ν饨?jīng)濟影響力的一致性。
從城市間人口流動聯(lián)系指數(shù)增長率看(見表1),滬寧城際高速鐵路建成通車后,研究區(qū)6城市人口流出與流入指數(shù)的增長率都在50%以上,其中蘇州市的人口流出指數(shù)增長高達88.88%,鎮(zhèn)江市的人口流入指數(shù)增長率達到88.34%,這充分說明了城際高速鐵路對人口空間流動的促進作用,尤其是對于鎮(zhèn)江市,由于城際高速鐵路的運營通車,使其與外界聯(lián)系不斷增強,進一步促進了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
3.3 滬寧城際高速鐵路沿線城市產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動趨勢特征
通過上文對人口流動空間聯(lián)系指數(shù)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),滬寧城際高速鐵路開通后沿線城市人口流動頻次加大,并且人口呈現(xiàn)集聚或擴散特征,而其中一個重要原因是不同城市由于產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展政策及產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調(diào)整所引起的產(chǎn)業(yè)人口的流動。為了進一步探討產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調(diào)整、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展政策及人口流動之間的微觀作用機理,研究中遴選滬寧高速鐵路沿線城市主要產(chǎn)業(yè)為分析對象,基于問卷調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),通過產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動趨勢指數(shù)模型,分析產(chǎn)業(yè)結構變化、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展政策及由此引起的人口流動特征(見表4)。
產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動趨勢可以從某種程度上反映出產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動間的聯(lián)系,而產(chǎn)業(yè)人口的流動是區(qū)域人口集聚與擴散的主要因素。從表4中可以看到上海市與南京市批發(fā)和零售業(yè)、文化、體育與娛樂業(yè)、金融業(yè)等,鎮(zhèn)江市信息傳輸、計算機服務和軟件業(yè)、制造業(yè)等產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動趨勢指數(shù)為正值,這些城市相關產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展引起了同類產(chǎn)業(yè)從業(yè)人員的集聚,進而使這些城市呈現(xiàn)出人口集聚的特征。同樣,蘇州、無錫的制造業(yè),常州的金融業(yè)等產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動趨勢指數(shù)為負值,導致這些城市相關產(chǎn)業(yè)人口的外流,呈現(xiàn)出人口擴散的特征。
另一方面,區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略影響產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局,從而影響產(chǎn)業(yè)人口的流動集聚與擴散。上海市未來產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略強調(diào)金融、新興技術服務、貿(mào)易與航運等多元發(fā)展模式,傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)逐步由上海市向其周邊地區(qū)尤其是蘇北地區(qū)轉移,因此區(qū)域內(nèi)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,信息傳輸、計算機服務和軟件業(yè)、交通運輸、倉儲和郵政業(yè)、批發(fā)和零售業(yè)、金融業(yè)、文化、體育和娛樂業(yè)等行業(yè)異軍突起,與之相對應的,這些相關的產(chǎn)業(yè)人口也逐漸由區(qū)域內(nèi)其他城市向上海市集聚,而制造業(yè)從業(yè)人員則從上海市向周邊擴散;作為國家重要綜合性工業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地、先進制造業(yè)基地以及江蘇省省會,南京市未來產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中既有傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)尤其是石油化工等產(chǎn)業(yè),同時又有金融、現(xiàn)代物流、商務服務、文化創(chuàng)意等生產(chǎn)性服務業(yè)等發(fā)展機遇,因此南京市對制造業(yè)、批發(fā)和零售業(yè)、文化、體育和娛樂業(yè)、交通運輸、倉儲和郵政業(yè)等綜合服務業(yè)等產(chǎn)業(yè)的從業(yè)人口需求較大;從區(qū)域發(fā)展方向看,長三角地區(qū)制造業(yè)將逐漸由上海、蘇州、無錫等地區(qū)向?qū)庢?zhèn)揚(南京-鎮(zhèn)江-揚州)及蘇北地區(qū)轉移,導致從事制造業(yè)及相關的生產(chǎn)性服務業(yè)(如信息傳輸、計算機服務和軟件業(yè)、科學研究、技術服務業(yè)等)人口有向以南京為核心的寧鎮(zhèn)揚城市群集聚。因此相應產(chǎn)業(yè)人口集聚與區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略是相一致的。以上分析可以看出在滬寧城際高速鐵路促進區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展過程中,作為兩個核心城市上海和南京,其發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略各有側重實行差異化發(fā)展,這既有利于滬寧城際高速鐵路沿線區(qū)域“一軸雙核”結構的穩(wěn)固,又能進一步完善發(fā)展結構。
4 結 論
基于以上滬寧城際高速鐵路開通對沿線城市的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度、人口流動空間聯(lián)系、產(chǎn)業(yè)人口空間聯(lián)系的研究可以得出以下結論:
(1)滬寧城際高速鐵路的開通縮小了城市間的時空距離和經(jīng)濟距離,以南京和上海為核心的雙核結構進一步加強,區(qū)域內(nèi)各城市間的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系強度都不同程度得到提高,這既有利于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實施,又實現(xiàn)了區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)分工及互補,有效促進了長三角經(jīng)濟圈核心區(qū)經(jīng)濟、人口與產(chǎn)業(yè)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
(2)滬寧城際高速鐵路的開通影響了區(qū)域人口流動。第一,人口流動頻次增長較快,上海與蘇州、無錫與常州、南京與鎮(zhèn)江的人流聯(lián)系強度真正實現(xiàn)了區(qū)域同城化發(fā)展;第二,人口流動特征的城際差異明顯,上海、南京、鎮(zhèn)江市呈現(xiàn)人口集聚態(tài)勢,蘇州、無錫、常州市呈現(xiàn)人口擴散態(tài)勢,與區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展特征一致。
(3)通過Ordered Probit計量模型來探討人口流動空間聯(lián)系強度增加的微觀機理,最后發(fā)現(xiàn)性別、年齡、職業(yè)、月收入、選擇高速鐵路的原因以及對高速鐵路的滿意度這6個要素對于人們出行頻次的增加具有顯著的影響。
(4)從產(chǎn)業(yè)角度來考察人口流動的特點可以發(fā)現(xiàn)各地方的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展規(guī)劃尤其是產(chǎn)業(yè)結構規(guī)劃對于產(chǎn)業(yè)人口流動具有較強的引導作用,而產(chǎn)業(yè)人口的流動又是區(qū)域人口流動的集聚與擴散重要影響因素;由于滬寧城際鐵路沿線城市不同的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略及產(chǎn)業(yè)分工,隨著城際高速鐵路的建設,區(qū)域間分異進一步明顯,“一軸雙核”空間結構進一步加強和優(yōu)化。
(編輯:于 杰)
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Abstract As the main form of rapid traffic streamline, highspeed railway (HSR) can effectively expand regional population space of flow and strengthen the regional connection. Based on the interviews and questionnaires from the passengers of highspeed rail, this paper analyzes the intercity space of flows and the spatial integration indicated by the individual micro behavior choice, discusses ShanghaiNanjing “one axis dualcore” running mechanism of the economic structure by building economic relation force model, population space of flow contact index and space contact of industrial population index.The findings include: ①Not only does ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway effectively broaden space and time of population flow between cities, but also shorten the distance of the regional economy. Population, industry, and economy present spatial agglomeration in Shanghai and Nanjing. The level of integration in regions of NingZhenYang and SuXiChang increase, meanwhile the linkages between Shanghai and region of SuXiChang are strengthened, as the degree of homogenization in population, industry, and economy development increases. ②The surroundings of Nanjing and Shanghai present polar nuclei of population agglomeration effect. The contact of population flow is strengthened between Shanghai and Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou, Nanjing and Zhenjiang, therefore the trend of urban integration becomes evident. At the same time it presents “one axis dualcore” space development characteristics in the region along highspeed railway,and economic integration trend becomes obvious. ③After the ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway has been completed,the frequency of people travel increases,
especially those young adults between ages 20 to 44 and with a higher occupational prestige. It indicates the regional economic connection is strengthened and regional human capital is of interdependence and fusion. ④The service level,comfort,punctuality,high efficiency, etc are main factors that influence the residents choose high speed railway to have a trip. ⑤Combined with the regional industry division of labor and population agglomeration, it discovers that the trend index of population flow in industries of wholesale and retail industries, culture, sports and entertainment in Shanghai and Nanjing, information transmission, computer services and software industry in Zhenjiang is positive. The population flow in those industries is the main factor of regional population agglomeration. Simultaneously the trend index of population flow in industry of manufacturing industry and finance in Suzhou and Wuxi is negative, leading to the urban population showed a trend of diffusion.
Key words ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway; economic relation force; population space of flow; trend index of population flow in industry
[20]孟德友,陸玉麒.高速鐵路對河南沿線城市可達性及經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系的影響[J].地理科學,2011,31(5):537-543.
[21]王海江,苗長虹,茹樂峰,等.我國省域經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系的空間格局及其變化[J].經(jīng)濟地理,2012,32(7):18-23.
[22]李王鳴,江佳遙,樓銥.聯(lián)系分析視角下的浙中城市群結構特征研究[J].經(jīng)濟地理,2009,29(10):1644-1649.
[23]劉傳江,周玲.社會資本與農(nóng)民工的城市融合[J].人口研究,2004,28(5):12-18.
[24]何軍.代際差異視角下農(nóng)民工城市融入的影響因素分析[J].中國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟,2011,(6):15-25.
Abstract As the main form of rapid traffic streamline, highspeed railway (HSR) can effectively expand regional population space of flow and strengthen the regional connection. Based on the interviews and questionnaires from the passengers of highspeed rail, this paper analyzes the intercity space of flows and the spatial integration indicated by the individual micro behavior choice, discusses ShanghaiNanjing “one axis dualcore” running mechanism of the economic structure by building economic relation force model, population space of flow contact index and space contact of industrial population index.The findings include: ①Not only does ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway effectively broaden space and time of population flow between cities, but also shorten the distance of the regional economy. Population, industry, and economy present spatial agglomeration in Shanghai and Nanjing. The level of integration in regions of NingZhenYang and SuXiChang increase, meanwhile the linkages between Shanghai and region of SuXiChang are strengthened, as the degree of homogenization in population, industry, and economy development increases. ②The surroundings of Nanjing and Shanghai present polar nuclei of population agglomeration effect. The contact of population flow is strengthened between Shanghai and Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou, Nanjing and Zhenjiang, therefore the trend of urban integration becomes evident. At the same time it presents “one axis dualcore” space development characteristics in the region along highspeed railway,and economic integration trend becomes obvious. ③After the ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway has been completed,the frequency of people travel increases,
especially those young adults between ages 20 to 44 and with a higher occupational prestige. It indicates the regional economic connection is strengthened and regional human capital is of interdependence and fusion. ④The service level,comfort,punctuality,high efficiency, etc are main factors that influence the residents choose high speed railway to have a trip. ⑤Combined with the regional industry division of labor and population agglomeration, it discovers that the trend index of population flow in industries of wholesale and retail industries, culture, sports and entertainment in Shanghai and Nanjing, information transmission, computer services and software industry in Zhenjiang is positive. The population flow in those industries is the main factor of regional population agglomeration. Simultaneously the trend index of population flow in industry of manufacturing industry and finance in Suzhou and Wuxi is negative, leading to the urban population showed a trend of diffusion.
Key words ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway; economic relation force; population space of flow; trend index of population flow in industry
[20]孟德友,陸玉麒.高速鐵路對河南沿線城市可達性及經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系的影響[J].地理科學,2011,31(5):537-543.
[21]王海江,苗長虹,茹樂峰,等.我國省域經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系的空間格局及其變化[J].經(jīng)濟地理,2012,32(7):18-23.
[22]李王鳴,江佳遙,樓銥.聯(lián)系分析視角下的浙中城市群結構特征研究[J].經(jīng)濟地理,2009,29(10):1644-1649.
[23]劉傳江,周玲.社會資本與農(nóng)民工的城市融合[J].人口研究,2004,28(5):12-18.
[24]何軍.代際差異視角下農(nóng)民工城市融入的影響因素分析[J].中國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟,2011,(6):15-25.
Abstract As the main form of rapid traffic streamline, highspeed railway (HSR) can effectively expand regional population space of flow and strengthen the regional connection. Based on the interviews and questionnaires from the passengers of highspeed rail, this paper analyzes the intercity space of flows and the spatial integration indicated by the individual micro behavior choice, discusses ShanghaiNanjing “one axis dualcore” running mechanism of the economic structure by building economic relation force model, population space of flow contact index and space contact of industrial population index.The findings include: ①Not only does ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway effectively broaden space and time of population flow between cities, but also shorten the distance of the regional economy. Population, industry, and economy present spatial agglomeration in Shanghai and Nanjing. The level of integration in regions of NingZhenYang and SuXiChang increase, meanwhile the linkages between Shanghai and region of SuXiChang are strengthened, as the degree of homogenization in population, industry, and economy development increases. ②The surroundings of Nanjing and Shanghai present polar nuclei of population agglomeration effect. The contact of population flow is strengthened between Shanghai and Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou, Nanjing and Zhenjiang, therefore the trend of urban integration becomes evident. At the same time it presents “one axis dualcore” space development characteristics in the region along highspeed railway,and economic integration trend becomes obvious. ③After the ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway has been completed,the frequency of people travel increases,
especially those young adults between ages 20 to 44 and with a higher occupational prestige. It indicates the regional economic connection is strengthened and regional human capital is of interdependence and fusion. ④The service level,comfort,punctuality,high efficiency, etc are main factors that influence the residents choose high speed railway to have a trip. ⑤Combined with the regional industry division of labor and population agglomeration, it discovers that the trend index of population flow in industries of wholesale and retail industries, culture, sports and entertainment in Shanghai and Nanjing, information transmission, computer services and software industry in Zhenjiang is positive. The population flow in those industries is the main factor of regional population agglomeration. Simultaneously the trend index of population flow in industry of manufacturing industry and finance in Suzhou and Wuxi is negative, leading to the urban population showed a trend of diffusion.
Key words ShanghaiNanjing intercity highspeed railway; economic relation force; population space of flow; trend index of population flow in industry