史建玲
摘 要:聽(tīng)力是英語(yǔ)高考中的重頭戲,針對(duì)其微技能訓(xùn)練從學(xué)生預(yù)測(cè)、數(shù)字捕捉、關(guān)鍵詞的捕捉三個(gè)方面闡述。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語(yǔ);微技能;場(chǎng)景
福建省每年的英語(yǔ)高考聽(tīng)力題30分,是學(xué)生既愛(ài)又擔(dān)心的一道題??嫉煤玫脻M分,可稍有疏漏,分心,也很容易丟分。雖然平時(shí)學(xué)生做題很多,訓(xùn)練不少,但卻沒(méi)有好好掌握與歸納出每一種題型的規(guī)律與解題技巧。因此,如何讓學(xué)生在較短的時(shí)間里提高聽(tīng)力水平,這就要求老師注意對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的訓(xùn)練。從命題特點(diǎn)、出題形式、答題技巧、練習(xí)試題和習(xí)題文本進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,從而提高聽(tīng)力分?jǐn)?shù)。
一、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)
做聽(tīng)力試題時(shí),我們可以利用停頓時(shí)間根據(jù)每個(gè)小題的問(wèn)題及選項(xiàng)的提示預(yù)測(cè),推測(cè)錄音材料的內(nèi)容,從而做到心中有數(shù),提前做好心理準(zhǔn)備,獲得主動(dòng)。
1.在聽(tīng)取對(duì)話,尤其是前五題,學(xué)生可按照下列Wh-問(wèn)題進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè):
Who are the two speakers?
What is the possible relationship between them?
When did they have the conversation?
Where did the conversation take place?
Why do they have the conversation?
What did they plan to do?
2.語(yǔ)篇預(yù)測(cè),在長(zhǎng)對(duì)話材料的聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中,考生可以按下列問(wèn)題展開(kāi)預(yù)測(cè):
What is the topic of the passage?
Who is the speaker?
What reasons did the speaker fail to offer?
3.依靠開(kāi)篇句預(yù)測(cè):英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的第一句話通常會(huì)透露整篇的主題,所以考生要善于抓住聽(tīng)力材料的首句信息。例如,Americans have a popular saying “Time is money”.從這一句開(kāi)篇句我們可以預(yù)測(cè)信息范圍:a.這是一篇關(guān)于時(shí)間的話題;b.涉及的對(duì)象是美
國(guó)人。
4.根據(jù)打印在試卷上的聽(tīng)力試題內(nèi)容預(yù)測(cè):例如,Husband and wife,Waiter and customer,Student and teacher,Receptionist and guest,boss and secretary,employer and employee...根據(jù)聽(tīng)力試題,
考生可以預(yù)測(cè)到該對(duì)話肯定是側(cè)重于對(duì)話人的身份,所以在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中可以濾過(guò)其他信息,抓住透露雙方關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞即可。
二、捕捉數(shù)字
這類試題主要考查學(xué)生是否具有獲取準(zhǔn)確數(shù)字信息,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行實(shí)際交際的能力。許多聽(tīng)力材料涉及數(shù)字,例如年代、日期、價(jià)格、數(shù)量、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分比等,這就要求考生辨別各種形式的數(shù)字,還要熟悉數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系,注意積累聽(tīng)力關(guān)鍵詞:
1.表時(shí)間的常用詞:already,before,always,former,later,previous,soon,after,finally,immediately,last,next,suddenly等等。
2.與價(jià)格有關(guān)的數(shù)字表達(dá):美元單位:dollar,dime,cent,nickel,quarter 商品減價(jià):10%off,special offer,special price,15%discount,sale 原價(jià):regular price,normal price 增長(zhǎng):13%increase in...,1/5 climb in 下降: 17% fall in...,6% decrease in...
3.其他一些與數(shù)字有關(guān)的常用表達(dá):一對(duì)couple,一打dozen,二十score,兩周fortnight,幾天前a few days ago or the other day,十年a decade,一百年 a century.
4.注意以下單位:英寸inch,英尺foot,碼yard,英里mile,米meter,厘米centimeter,公里kilometer,克gram,公斤kilogram,噸ton,加侖gallon,品脫pint,平方米square meter,立方米cubic meter,升liter等。
5.關(guān)注表乘法關(guān)系的詞:如,倍 times,兩倍twice,百分比percentage,一雙a pair of,一半half of,雙倍double,四分之一quarter等.
三、注意捕捉聽(tīng)力材料中關(guān)于地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)合的關(guān)鍵詞
試題中的聽(tīng)力對(duì)話經(jīng)常發(fā)生在未明說(shuō)的某一特定的地點(diǎn),要求考生根據(jù)話題、對(duì)話內(nèi)容判斷其地點(diǎn)。如,Where did the conversation take place?這類試題的答案一般不容易從聽(tīng)力材料中直接得到,要根據(jù)所聽(tīng)到的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)或生活常識(shí)來(lái)判斷,才能得出答案。如,聽(tīng)到borrow,book,keep,return,card,science fiction,pay a fine...,就會(huì)想到在借書(shū),從而得出答案是 “At the library”.因此,平常訓(xùn)練盡量有意識(shí)地把不同場(chǎng)景的詞、短語(yǔ)、句子進(jìn)行歸納分類:
餐館場(chǎng)景:order點(diǎn)菜;serve上菜;menu菜單;drink喝飲料; delicious美味的;change零錢;tip小費(fèi);steak牛排;cheese奶酪; sandwich三明治;bacon湯;soup腌肉;chicken雞肉;beef牛肉;bill賬單;appetizer開(kāi)胃物;dessert甜品;hamburger漢堡包,coke可口可樂(lè);treat(This is my treat. Its on me)請(qǐng)客; go Dutch (Lets go fifty fifty)AA 制; help yourself隨便吃; go out for dinner/dinner out/eat out出去吃; Keep the change不用找零錢了. dinging hall,coffee shop,restaurant,cafeteria,canteen,buffet.
酒店場(chǎng)景: make a reservation預(yù)訂房間; reception desk接待處; check in入??; check out結(jié)賬; single room 單間; a double room雙人間; room key房間鑰匙; ID card身份證; reception服務(wù)臺(tái); receptionist 服務(wù)員; suite套間; Do you have a reservation Sir?Have you got any vacant room?(Is there any room available here?) 有空房間嗎?All the room are occupied房間已滿. Can I have a suite please?How much do you charge for that?Smoking or no smoking?Meals included. 包括飲食。Can I show you your room?Can I carry your luggage?
天氣場(chǎng)景:cloud陰天;overcast多云;thunder打雷;strong/high wind大風(fēng);tornado 龍卷風(fēng);typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng);storm 風(fēng)暴; blizzard暴風(fēng)雨;It rains cats and dogs(The rain is pouring)下傾盆大雨;downpour傾盆大雨;shower 陣雨;clear up 天空晴朗;put away clothes 下雨收衣服;weather in London/Seattle意指不好的天氣;weather in California 意指好天氣 .
聽(tīng)力測(cè)試題不同于其他題型,不可能像其他書(shū)面題型一樣遇到不明白的地方可以回過(guò)頭來(lái)看前面的材料或停下來(lái)自由地思考一下,聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的做題速度由命題人統(tǒng)一掌控,錄音材料瞬息即逝,無(wú)回聽(tīng)的機(jī)會(huì)或自由思考的余地。因此,平時(shí)訓(xùn)練注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生消除緊張心理,心態(tài)放松,集中精力,做到心中有數(shù),靈活應(yīng)變。
(作者單位 福建省廈門(mén)市第六中學(xué))
編輯 馬燕萍endprint