郭爽+王豐貴
摘要:基于工程用光伏模塊輸出方程,利用Matlab/Simulink建立一個(gè)光伏電池實(shí)用仿真模型。該模型可以模擬實(shí)際光伏模塊在不同環(huán)境下的輸出特性曲線。在傳統(tǒng)的電導(dǎo)增量法基礎(chǔ)上利用計(jì)算得到的步長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤,通過仿真結(jié)果表明在外界環(huán)境劇烈變化時(shí)改進(jìn)的電導(dǎo)增量法可以快速跟蹤光伏電池的最大功率點(diǎn)。該文是在Matlab/Simulink中實(shí)現(xiàn)了梯度變步長(zhǎng)電導(dǎo)增量法,且在此給出該算法的模型搭建圖,并在保證仿真精度的情況下通過加入延遲模塊解決了仿真中的代數(shù)環(huán)問題。
關(guān)鍵詞: 實(shí)用光伏模型; 改進(jìn)電導(dǎo)增量法; MPPT; Matlab仿真
中圖分類號(hào): TN964?34 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2014)08?0148?03
Modeling of practical PV battery and simulation of MPPT algorithm
GUO Shuang1,2, WANG Feng?gui1
(1. Institute of Automation, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 250014, China;
2. Department of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)
Abstract: Based on output equation of engineering PV module, a practical simulation model of PV cells was established by means of Matlab/Simulink. This model can simulate the output characteristic curves of practical PV module under different environments. The calculated step length is adopted to track maximum power point on the basis of the traditional incremental conductance method. The simulation results show that the maximum power point of photovoltaic cells can be fast tracked with the improved incremental conductance method as the external environment changes violently. The innovation of this paper is that the gradient variable step incremental conductance method is implemented in Matlab/Simulink, the simulation model diagram of the algorithm is presented in this paper, and the algebraic loop problem existing in simulation is solved by adding a delay module in the case of ensuring the precision.
Keywords: practical PV model; improved incremental conductance; MPPT; Matlab simulation
目前,光伏太陽(yáng)能等新能源的開發(fā)和利用受到越來越多的關(guān)注。由于光伏發(fā)電的研究需要較高的研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)和受實(shí)際環(huán)境因素限制,實(shí)驗(yàn)室仿真分析成為光伏電池設(shè)計(jì)和研究的有效手段[1]。本文在Matlab 環(huán)境下建立了光伏電池實(shí)用模型,提出改進(jìn)的電導(dǎo)增量法來實(shí)現(xiàn)最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤。通過對(duì)Boost電路輸出功率的仿真表明,該算法可以較快完成MPPT。
1光伏電池等效電路及其輸出特性方程
理想情況下,光伏電池在等效電路中可以看作一個(gè)恒流源。等效電路中并聯(lián)一個(gè)二極管模擬暗電流的產(chǎn)生,用一個(gè)串聯(lián)電阻來模擬電池板的損耗,一個(gè)并聯(lián)電阻來模擬短路電流的產(chǎn)生[2?3]。等效電路如圖1,輸出特性方程[2?3]如式(1)所示。
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