林金鋒 楊志洲 邵旦兵 劉紅梅 張煒 任藝 孫兆瑞 唐文杰 聶時南
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2014.08.003
基金項目:中國人民解放軍南京軍區(qū)重點課題(12Z32)
作者單位:210002 南京,解放軍南京軍區(qū)南京總醫(yī)院急救醫(yī)學科 南京大學醫(yī)學院附屬金陵醫(yī)院
通信作者:聶時南,Email:shn_nie@sina.com
【摘要】目的 預測多器官功能障礙綜合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)患者應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生,為其預防治療提供依據(jù)。
訪法 回顧性分析2008年8月至2012年8月入住南京軍區(qū)南京總醫(yī)院急診重癥監(jiān)護病房(emergency intensive care unit, EICU )的符合MODS診斷標準的262例患者的臨床資料。根據(jù)Marshall的MODS評分標準進行評分,依據(jù)應激性潰瘍診斷標準判斷應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生,用秩相關分析MODS評分與應激性潰瘍發(fā)生的相關性,應用受試者工作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)評價MODS評分對應激性潰瘍的預測作用,計算Youden指數(shù)確定最佳臨界值。
結果 Spearman相關系數(shù)為0.693(P<0.01),ROC下面積為0.793(P<0.01),預測應激性潰瘍的MODS評分最佳臨界值為9分。
結論 MODS評分能在一定程度上預測應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生,MODS評分>9分時應進行應激性潰瘍的預防治療。
【關鍵詞】 應激性潰瘍;多器官功能障礙綜合征;病情嚴重度;評分;相關性;預防;重癥監(jiān)護病房;回顧性研究;發(fā)生率
Study of the correlation between MODS score and incidence of stress ulcer Lin Jinfeng,Yang Zhizhou,Shao Danbing, Liu Hongmei, Zhang Wei, Ren Yi, Sun Zhaorui, Tang Wenjie, Nie Shinan. Emergency Medicine,Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing,210002China
Corresponding author: Nie Shinan, Email: shn_nie@sina.com
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the incidence of stress ulcer in MODS patients in order to find a rationale for prophylaxis. Methods Clinical data of two hundred and sixty-two patients met the MODS diagnosis criterionadmitted to our EICU from August 2008 to August 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The MODS score criterion proposed by Marshall was used to estimate all MODS patients. The stress ulcer was identified according to the diagnosis criterion of stress ulcer. Correlation between the score and incidence of stress ulcer was studied by rank test. The validity of MODS score to predict the incidence of stress ulcer was to verify with ROC. Optimization of critical value was obtained by Youden's index. ResultsSpearman correlation coefficient was 0.693 (P<0.01).The area under the ROC was 0.793 (P<0.01). The optimized critical value to predict the incidence of stress ulcer was 9.Conclusions The incidences of stress ulcer can be predicted to a certain extent by MODS score. Stress ulcer prophylaxis is necessary when the MODS score is above 9.
【Key words】Stress ulcer;Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome;Severity;Score;Correlation;Prophylaxis;Intensive care unit;Retrospective study;Incidence
據(jù)統(tǒng)計,每年約440萬患者入住重癥監(jiān)護病房(ICU),ICU患者的病死率約為12%[1]。危重癥患者的應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生率從6%至100%不等[2]。在危重癥患者發(fā)病的1至3天,使用胃鏡檢查可發(fā)現(xiàn)大約75%至100%的患者出現(xiàn)胃黏膜損傷[3]。以糞隱血試驗陽性或不明原因的血紅蛋白下降作為診斷標準,危重癥患者的應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生率在15%至50%[3-4]。未接受預防治療的危重癥患者的應激性潰瘍伴明顯出血(嘔血或引流液為鮮紅色)的發(fā)生率在5%至25%[4, 6, 8],這使應激性潰瘍的預防和治療顯得十分重要。要對應激性潰瘍進行有效的預防,首先要準確預測應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生。呼吸衰竭、凝血功能障礙、低血壓、膿毒癥、肝衰竭、腎衰竭、手術、燒傷、嚴重創(chuàng)傷可導致應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生[6],因此,對伴有器官功能障礙的患者需提高警惕。1995年加拿大學者Marshall提出的MODS評分標準能準確地反映器官功能障礙的嚴重程度且評分參數(shù)少、程序簡單,被廣泛應用于臨床[7]。本科自2000年以來將該評分標準應用于臨床,取得了較好的效果。本文通過回顧性研究分析南京軍區(qū)南京總醫(yī)院EICU的262例MODS患者的臨床資料,計算應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生率,并結合患者入院時的MODS評分進行分析,探討MODS評分在預測應激性潰瘍發(fā)生中的作用,為臨床早期預防提供理論依據(jù)。
多器官功能障礙的患者容易并發(fā)應激性潰瘍,但目前尚無多器官功能障礙的嚴重程度與應激性潰瘍發(fā)生的相關性研究。Marshall的MODS評分系統(tǒng)涉及呼吸、腎臟、肝臟、心血管、凝血、神經等系統(tǒng),通過量化氧合指數(shù)、格拉斯哥評分、肌酐、總膽紅素濃度等指標進行評分,能準確反映MODS患者病情嚴重程度[7]。MODS患者處于嚴重的應激狀態(tài),導致MODS的原發(fā)疾病和MODS本身可作為應激源引發(fā)應激性潰瘍,MODS越嚴重,應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生率越高[11]。本文通過回顧性研究分析本院EICU的262例MODS患者的臨床資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)MODS評分與應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生存在正相關關系(Spearman相關系數(shù)為0.693,P<0.01), MODS評分越高,發(fā)生應激性潰瘍的風險越大,MODS評分能較準確的預測應激性潰瘍的發(fā)生(ROC 下面積為0.793),能在一定程度上為臨床合理的早期預防提供理論依據(jù)。對于MODS評分>9分的患者,應積極采取措施預防應激性潰瘍。
參考文獻
[1]Fennerty MB. Pathophysiology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the critically ill patient: rationale for the therapeutic benefits of acid suppression[J]. Crit Care Med, 2002, 30(6): S351-S355.
[2]Choung RS, Talley NJ. Epidemiology and clinical presentation of stress-related peptic damage and chronic peptic ulcer[J]. Curr Mol Med, 2008, 8(4): 253-257.
[3]Shuman RB, Schuster DP, Zuckerman GR. Prophylactic therapy for stress ulcer bleeding: a reappraisal[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1987, 106(4): 562-567.
[4]Duerksen DR. Stress-related mucosal disease in critically ill patients[J]. Best Pract & Res Clin Gast, 2003, 17(3): 327-344.
[5]Mutlu GkM, Mutlu EA, Factor P. GI complications in patients receiving mechanical ventilation[J]. Chest, 2001, 119(4): 1222-1241.
[6]Cook DJ, Fuller HD, Guyatt GH, et al. Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients[J]. N Engl J Med,1994, 330(6): 377-381.
[8]Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, et al. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome[J]. Crit Care Med, 1995, 23(10): 1638-1652.
[9]Cook DJ, Griffith LE, Walter SD, et al. The attributable mortality and length of intensive care unit stay of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients[J]. Crit Care, 2001, 5(6): 368-375.
[10]Skillman J, Silen W. Acute gastroduodenal" stress" ulceration: barrier disruption of varied pathogenesis [J]. Gastro, 1970, 59(3): 478-482.
[11]Ali T, Harty RF. Stress-induced ulcer bleeding in critically ill patients[J]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2009, 38(2): 245-265.
[12]Ellison RT, Perez-Perez G, Welsh CH, et al. Risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in intensive care unit patients: role of helicobacter pylori[J]. Crit Care Med, 1996, 24(12): 1974-1981.
[13]楊興易, 謝偉峰, 王東. 多器官功能障礙綜合征的診治[J]. 中華急診醫(yī)學雜志, 2007, 16(12): 1343-1344.
[14]柴家科, 盛志勇. 燒傷膿毒癥與多器官功能障礙綜合征臨床防治的現(xiàn)狀與思考[J]. 中華燒傷雜志, 2008, 24(5): 378-380.
[15]賈林, 李瑜元. 應激性潰瘍及其防治策略[J]. 中華急診醫(yī)學雜志, 2002, 11(5): 358-359.
[16]McCarthy DM. Sucralfate[J]. N Engl J Med, 1991, 325(14): 1017-1025.
[17]Tryba M, Cook D. Current guidelines on stress ulcer prophylaxis[J]. Drugs, 1997, 54(4): 581-588.
[18]Hastings PR, Skillman JJ, Bushnell LS, et al. Antacid titration in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a controlled, randomized trial in 100 critically ill patients[J]. N Engl J Med, 1978, 298(19): 1041-1047.
[19]Feldman M, Burton M. Histamine2-receptor antagonists. Standard therapy for acid-peptic diseases. 1[J]. N Engl J Med, 1990, 323(24): 1672-1678.
[20]Baghaie AA, Mojtahedzadeh M, Levine RL, et al. Comparison of the effect of intermittent administration and continuous infusion of famotidine on gastric pH in critically ill patients: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study[J]. Crit Care Med, 1995, 23(4): 687-691.
[21]Cook DJ, Witt LG, Cook RJ, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the critically Ⅲ: a meta-analysis[J]. Am J Med,1991, 91(5): 519-527.
[22]孫潔, 曾霈君, 魏惠芳. 電針不同經穴對束縛應激模型大鼠行為學影響的實驗觀察[J]. 醫(yī)學研究生學報, 2012, 25(10): 1027-1031.
[23]Moore JG, Coburn JW, Sanders MC, et al. Effects of sucralfate and ranitidine on aluminum concentrations in elderly volunteers[J]. Pharm, 1995, 15(6): 742-746.
[24]Burgess E, Muruve D, Audette R. Aluminum absorption and excretion following sucralfate therapy in chronic renal insufficiency[J]. Am J Med,1992, 92(5): 471-475.
[25]Laheij RJ, Sturkenboom MC, Hassing R-J, et al. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia and use of gastric acid–suppressive drugs[J]. JAMA, 2004, 292(16): 1955-1960.
[26]Cunningham R, Dale B, Undy B, et al. Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile diarrhoea[J]. J Hosp Infect, 2003, 54(3): 243-245.
[27]Tryba M. Risk of acute stress bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated intensive care unit patients: sucralfate versus antacids[J]. Am J Med, 1987, 83(3): 117-124.
[28]Driks MR, Craven DE, Celli BR, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients given sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type 2 blockers[J]. N Engl J Med, 1987, 317(22): 1376-1382.
(收稿日期:2014-02-14)
(本文編輯:何小軍)
P847-851