一、重點詞匯

1. object vi. 反對，不贊同 n. 物體； 目標； 賓語

[課文原句] When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their American colonies instead， taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （Page34， Line 24Page34， Line 27）

[點撥] object 在句中是不及物動詞，意為“不同意；不贊成；反對”，可構成短語：

object to sb. / sth. 反對；不贊成某人/某事；

object to doing sth. 反對某人做某事

To our disappointment， he objected to our plan， and without his support， we could hardly do anything. 令我感到失望的是，他反對我們的計劃，而且，沒他的支持，我們講什么也做不了。

I object to being treated like this. 我反對受到這樣的對待。

[拓展] （1）object也可作及物動詞，意為“以……為理由反對，反對說……”。

Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job. 母親反對說，吉米身體虛弱，不可承擔那份工作。

（2）object可作名詞，意為“物體；對象；目的；賓語”。

What are those strange objects？ 那些奇怪的物體是什么？

Our object is to get the truth. 我們的目的是弄清事實真相。

2. submit

[課文原句] At this， the Americans demanded separation from Britain， and， on 4 July 1776， they declared that they would no longer submit to British rule. （Page35， Lines 2728）

[點撥] submit在句中作不及物動詞，意為“順從，屈服，投降”，可構成短語submit to。

He submitted unwillingly to his mother. 他不情愿地屈服于他母親。

[拓展]（1）submit作及物動詞，意為“使服從，使屈服”，可構成短語submit oneself to。

Should a wife submit herself to her husband？ 妻子應順從丈夫嗎？

（2）submit作及物動詞，還可表示“呈遞，提交”。常用結構是submit sth. to sb.。

He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council. 他將城市發(fā)展建議提交市議會。

3. bound

[課文原句] ...， then you are bound to be disappointed. （Page41）

[點撥] bound在句中是形容詞，意為“一定會，很可能會”，構成短語be bound to。

The party is bound to be enjoyable.這次聚會肯定會很愉快。

[拓展] bound作形容詞，還可表示“受約束；有義務；正旅行去（某地）；準備前往（某地）”。

She is bound to her family. 她被家庭束縛住了。

4. substitute

[課文原句] After...， the Irish substituted a new flag for the old one. （Page37）

[點撥] substitute在句中作及物動詞，意為“替換，替代”。

If you cannot go yourself， please find someone to substitute you. 你如果不能親自去，請找人代替你。

[拓展]（1）substitute作不及物動詞，意為“替換，替代”。

He substitutes as our teacher of English. 他代任我們的英語教師。

（2）substitute作名詞，意為“代替人，代替物，代用品”，后面常接介詞for。

Is the product a good substitute for sugar？ 新產品是糖的良好替代品嗎？

5. compromise

[課文原句] When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their American colonies instead， taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （Page34， Line 24Page35， Line 27）endprint

[點撥] compromise 在句中作不及物動詞，意為“妥協(xié)，折衷，互讓，和解”。

They found it wiser to compromise with her. 他們覺得與她妥協(xié)更明智。

[拓展]（1）compromise可作及物動詞，意為“連累，危害”。

You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people. 你如果與這些人交往就會損害你的好名聲。

（2）compromise可作名詞，意為“妥協(xié)，和解，折衷；連累，危及”。

The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles. 這所房子的內部裝飾是中西兩式的折衷物。

6. sew

[課文原句] These flags are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. （Page34， Lines 12）

[點撥] sew在句中用作及物動詞，意為“縫制，縫補”。如：

I made this skirt just by sewing two pieces of material together. 我把兩片材料縫在一起做成了裙子。

[拓展] 動詞sew還可與up連用，構成短語sew sth. up或sew up sth.，意為 “把……縫起來”。如：

A nurse will come and sew up that wound for you soon. 護士很快就會來給你縫傷口的。

7. figure

[點撥] 這單詞是個多義詞，作名詞時，意為“數(shù)字；錢數(shù)，體形，體態(tài)；人物，重要人物；人影”等。

作動詞時，表示（經過思考后）認為，以為；計算等

1） His score is now well into double figures. 他的得分現(xiàn)在已達到兩位數(shù)了。

2） How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much？ 她吃這么多，究竟是怎樣保持優(yōu)美的身材的？

3） He was the outstanding political figure of his time. 他是他那個時代的著名政治人物。

4） I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 我認為他喝醉了，不應該讓他開車。

[拓展] 詞組：figure out 想出，理解（某事）

Can you figure out how to do it？ 你能想出這件事該怎么辦？

8. circumstancen.

[拓展]

1） 情況，情形

I cant imagine a circumstance in which I would be quarrelling with her. 我想象不出一種我會跟她吵架的情形。

2） under / in no circumstances 決不，無論如何都不，置于句首時，句子要部分倒裝。

Under no circumstances are you to leave the house. 你無論如何都不得離開這所房子。

3） in / under the circumstances 在這種情況下，既然如此

The result was the best that could be expected under the circumstances. 在這種情況下，這是我們能期待的最好結果。

4） 無法控制的因素，環(huán)境，境遇

Force of circumstance compelled us to leave. 形勢所迫， 我們不得不走。

9. deliver

[點撥] vt. / vi. 遞送；投遞（信件、貨物等）；發(fā)表/發(fā)布演講；口頭提出；接生

The mailman delivered the letters promptly. 那位郵遞員迅速地投遞了那些郵件。

We can deliver goods to your door. 我們可以給你們送貨上門。

He delivered an important report at the meeting. 在會議上他做了一個重要的口頭報告。

She delivered twins at 4 a.m. 她在早上四點時為雙胞胎接生。

10. strike

[點撥] strike（struck， struck） vt. 擊打，撞擊，攻擊，罷工，劃火柴

In the dream， a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet. 在夢里，一個石頭砸向了塑像，正好落到塑像的腳上。

A child ran into the road and was struck by a car. 一個孩子跑到路上被一輛車給撞了。

The little girl struck a match to warm her hands. 那個小女孩劃了一根火柴來暖手。endprint

[拓展] strike n. 罷工，打擊，毆打& vi. 鐘表敲了多少下

The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages. 工人們將舉行罷工要求增加工資。

Twelve had just struck when she ran away. 當她離開時，鐘正好敲了12點。

二、短語

1. date back to

[課文原句] The flag， which could not be further simplified， is a red band over a white one， and is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century that had nine red and white stripes. （Page 35， Lines 3940）

[點撥] date back to表示“追溯到……，始于……”。又如：

Their friendship dates back to the time when they were children. 他們的友誼始于兒時。

[拓展] date back to通常用一般現(xiàn)在時，只能用于主動語態(tài)。還可以換成date from。如：

The old temple dates back to / from the Tang Dynasty. 這個舊廟建于唐朝。

[提醒] date back to / date from 通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時，作定語時，用其ing 形式。

相似短語：

out of date 過時的，不流行的

to date 迄今，至今

up to date 現(xiàn)代的，時新的

2. in other words 換言之，也就是說

In other words， our objective is to avoid losing. 也就是說，我們的目標是要避免失敗。

拓展：

1） find the words 用恰當?shù)恼Z言表達

She only wished she could find the words to express her affection for the old man. 她只想希望用恰當?shù)恼Z言表達對這位老人的感情。

2） keep ones word 信守諾言

Gail kept her word and returned all the money. 蓋爾履行了她的諾言，把錢如數(shù)歸還。

3） in a word 總之，一句話，簡言之

—Do you enjoy the film？

—In a word， no.

——你喜歡這部電影嗎？——一句話，不喜歡。

4） word for word 逐字逐句

The newspaper printed his speech more or less word for word. 報紙幾乎逐字逐句地刊登了他的講話。

5） have a word with sb. 與某人交談

Could I have a word with you after the meeting？ 會后我們可否談談？

6） have words with sb. 與某人爭吵

Yesterday he had words with his classmate about a small thing. 昨天他為一件小事跟同學吵架了。

3. catch on

1） 受歡迎；流行起來；變得時髦

It is a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly. 這首歌很好，我想它會很快流行起來。

Do you think this fashion will catch on？ 你認為這種時尚會流行起來嗎？

2） 理解；了解；熟悉情況

Hes not very quick at catching on， is he？ 他不善于了解情況，是嗎？

Youll catch on to the job after youve been here a while. 你在這兒一段時間后會熟悉這工作的。

4. count on

[點撥] 依靠，依賴

You can count on him to help you learn English. 你可以指望他幫你學英語。

[拓展] count vt. 列入總數(shù)；包括；有重要性

count against sb. 認為對某人不利

count down 倒計時

count... in 把……計算在內

For that job her lack of experience may count against her. 她缺乏經驗可能對申請那份工作不利。

Shes already counting down to the big day. 她已經在對這一重大日子倒計時了。

（作者：毛春霞，泰州市第三高級中學）endprint