浙江省苔蘚植物分布新記錄

洪春桃1, 繆麗華2, 季夢(mèng)成1*

(1.浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)，浙江 臨安311300;2.中國(guó)濕地博物館,杭州310013)

摘要運(yùn)用經(jīng)典分類方法檢視近期所采浙江苔蘚植物標(biāo)本,發(fā)現(xiàn)并報(bào)道產(chǎn)自西溪國(guó)家濕地公園和溫州市平陽(yáng)縣的蘚類植物新記錄1種——樹(shù)生赤蘚(Syntrichia laevipila Brid.),并就其分布與生境特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了討論。采納該種仍保留在叢蘚科(Pottiaceae)赤蘚屬(Syntrichia Brid.)而非墻蘚屬(Tortula Hedw.)的分類學(xué)觀點(diǎn)。樹(shù)生赤蘚與浙江常見(jiàn)種高山赤蘚[Syntrichia sinensis (C. Müll.) Ochyra]在葉形、葉細(xì)胞形狀、疣的數(shù)量和形狀等方面具有相似特征,但前者植物體細(xì)小,高2～3 mm,葉先端具無(wú)色透明毛尖,齒片向左1～2回旋扭,可資區(qū)別。樹(shù)生赤蘚的發(fā)現(xiàn)補(bǔ)充了浙江苔蘚植物區(qū)系的內(nèi)容,亦為中國(guó)赤蘚屬地理分布研究積累了基礎(chǔ)資料。

關(guān)鍵詞樹(shù)生赤蘚; 新記錄; 浙江省

中圖分類號(hào)Q 949文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼A

基金項(xiàng)目：湖北省重大科技專項(xiàng)計(jì)劃(2013ABC002)。

收稿日期(Received)：2014-10-09;接受日期(Accepted)：2015-01-30;網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期(Published online)：2015-05-19

SyntrichialaevipilaBrid.： A new record species of bryophytes from Zhejiang Province. Journal of ZhejiangUniversity(Agric. & LifeSci.), 2015,41(3):320-322

Hong Chuntao1, Miao Lihua2, Ji Mengcheng1*(1.ZhejiangA&FUniversity,Lin’an311300,Zhejiang,China; 2.NationalWetlandsMuseumofChina,Hangzhou310013,China)

SummaryBased on specimen examination adopting classical classification method,SyntrichialaevipilaBrid. was found and reported for the first time in Zhejiang Province. It distributed both in Xixi Wetland National Park of Hangzhou City and Pingyang County of Wenzhou. The characteristics of distribution and habitat were discussed.

In the present paperS.laevipila. was accepted as a species of the genusSyntrichiaBrid. rather than the genusTortulaHedw. of family Pottiaceae.SyntrichialaevipilaBrid. was morphologically close toS.sinensis(C. Müll.) Ochyra, a widely-distributed species in Zhejiang Province. Both species were similar in their leaf shape, leaf cell shape and papillosity. However, fromS.sinensis(C. Müll.) Ochyra,S.laevipilaBrid. could be especially identified by its small size (2-3 mm), colorless spindly leaf apex and 1-2 circle left-handed dentiums.

The discovery of the new record ofS.laevipilaBrid. enriched the bryophyte flora of Zhejiang Province, and also provided fundamental materials to further study geographical distribution of genusSyntrichiaBrid. in China.

Key wordsSyntrichialaevipilaBrid.; new record; Zhejiang Province

浙江省苔蘚植物區(qū)系資料相對(duì)齊全,這得益于華東師范大學(xué)、上海師范大學(xué)、上海自然博物館等多個(gè)苔蘚植物研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)浙江省苔蘚植物的長(zhǎng)期研究,積累了較豐富的基礎(chǔ)資料[1-5]。近年來(lái),關(guān)于浙江省苔蘚植物區(qū)系、種類報(bào)道亦有增加[6-11]。

2012年6月,中國(guó)濕地博物館立項(xiàng)開(kāi)展西溪濕地苔蘚植物資源調(diào)查,迄今已完成對(duì)該區(qū)苔蘚植物調(diào)查采集及標(biāo)本鑒定工作。查閱相關(guān)資料[6,12-14]并核對(duì)此前在浙江省溫州市平陽(yáng)縣所采標(biāo)本,發(fā)現(xiàn)分布浙江省不同地區(qū)的蘚類植物新紀(jì)錄1種,即:樹(shù)生赤蘚(SyntrichialaevipilaBrid.)。

樹(shù)生赤蘚隸屬于苔蘚植物門(mén)蘚綱叢蘚目叢蘚科(Pottiaceae)赤蘚屬(SyntrichiaBrid.),該屬1801年由Bridel建立,1993年Zander報(bào)道全球赤蘚屬植物共82種[15]。最新資料顯示,中國(guó)產(chǎn)赤蘚屬植物有12種1變種[14],12種[16]或11種[17],多分布在西藏、四川、云南、新疆、寧夏、青海、甘肅、陜西和內(nèi)蒙古等省或自治區(qū)。2013年,艾尼瓦爾江等[18]開(kāi)展了新疆赤蘚屬分類學(xué)研究,報(bào)道新疆赤蘚屬植物11種(含1變種)。其他省區(qū)的赤蘚屬專屬研究未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。

浙江省赤蘚屬種的分布記錄始見(jiàn)于2007年,劉艷等[8]根據(jù)1份采自杭州柳浪聞鶯公園柳樹(shù)樹(shù)干的標(biāo)本(劉艷0507386！),確定了高山赤蘚[Syntrichiasinensis(C.Müll.) Ochyra]在浙江省的分布。目前已知浙江赤蘚屬植物2種——高山赤蘚和樹(shù)生赤蘚,現(xiàn)就后者報(bào)道如下。文中引證標(biāo)本分別保存于浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)苔蘚植物標(biāo)本室和中國(guó)濕地博物館植物標(biāo)本室。

樹(shù)生赤蘚(叢蘚科Pottiaceae)

SyntrichialaevipilaBrid., Muscol. Recent. Suppl.4:98.1819[1818]. Type: Italy, Circa Romam and Napolin, 1830, Collected and number unknow (lectotype: B!)

Tortulalaevipila(Brid.) Schw?gr., Sp. Musc. Frond., Suppl.2,1:66.1823.內(nèi)蒙古苔蘚植物志:224.圖版66:7-11,1997.

TortulapagorumMild., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 20:459.1862.

Tortulapagorum(Mild.) De Not., Atti Reale. Univ. Genova 1:542. 1869.

Syntrichiapagorum(Mild.) J. J. Amann, Fl. Mouss. Suisse 2:117. 1918.

植物體細(xì)小,密集叢生,呈暗綠色或棕黃色。莖直立單一,2～3 mm。葉舌形至闊舌形,葉先端圓鈍或微凹,毛尖細(xì)長(zhǎng),約1.5 mm,平滑透明。葉緣平展或中下部略背卷。中肋細(xì)長(zhǎng),突出形成毛尖。葉中上部細(xì)胞圓方形,薄壁,10～15 μm,具4～6個(gè)馬蹄形短疣;葉中部細(xì)胞近方形,薄壁,15～18 μm,具稀疏馬蹄形疣;基部細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)方形,長(zhǎng)35～45 μm、寬15～20 μm,平滑,無(wú)色透明。蒴柄直立,長(zhǎng)3～4 mm,紅棕色;孢蒴圓柱形,略彎曲,長(zhǎng)1～1.5 mm、寬0.5～0.8 mm;蒴帽兜形;蒴齒具基膜,齒片線形,長(zhǎng)70～80 μm,密被細(xì)疣,向左1～2回旋扭。孢子球形,黃綠色,平滑,直徑15～20 μm。

標(biāo)本:浙江杭州,西溪國(guó)家濕地公園商業(yè)街附近,海拔2 m,舊房墻根,磚縫,26.Ⅳ.2014,季夢(mèng)成、繆麗華,1415.浙江省溫州市平陽(yáng)縣水塔村居民門(mén)前,海拔15 m,120°33′9.50″E,27°39′43.67″N,墻根,10.Ⅶ.2013.洪春桃,14869,14906。

分布:內(nèi)蒙古[19-20]、青海[21]、寧夏[21]、新疆[18,22]。蒙古、中亞、西亞、歐洲、南美洲、北美洲、非洲北部[14]。

該種與高山赤蘚、芽孢赤蘚[Syntrichiapagorum(Mild.) De Not.]相似。樹(shù)生赤蘚植物體細(xì)小,高2～3 mm,葉先端具無(wú)色透明毛尖,齒片向左1～2回旋扭,而高山赤蘚植物體粗大,高10～15 mm,葉先端具紅棕色毛尖,齒片向左3～4回旋扭。后者在中國(guó)分布廣泛,浙江省僅見(jiàn)于杭州西湖柳浪聞鶯公園。此外,樹(shù)生赤蘚與芽孢赤蘚的區(qū)別在于芽孢的有無(wú)及葉上部細(xì)胞馬蹄形疣的數(shù)目。樹(shù)生赤蘚和其近緣種的區(qū)別如下。

分種檢索表

1.植物體頂端聚生多數(shù)芽孢;孢子體罕見(jiàn).............芽孢赤蘚Spagorum

1.植物體常不生芽孢,孢子體常見(jiàn).............2

2.植物體細(xì)小,高2～3 mm,葉先端具無(wú)色透明毛尖,齒片向左1～2回旋扭.............樹(shù)生赤蘚Slaevipila

2.植物體粗大,高10～15 mm,葉先端具紅棕色毛尖,齒片向左3～4回旋扭高山赤蘚S..............sinensis

樹(shù)生赤蘚在中國(guó)主要分布西北高海拔地區(qū),且多生于冷杉(Abiesfabri)、云杉(Piceaasperrata)及榆科(Ulmaceae)植物樹(shù)基或樹(shù)干上。該種在浙江省則具有“隨人植物”特點(diǎn),多見(jiàn)于低海拔居民區(qū)舊房墻根的磚縫、石縫中。浙江省高海拔地區(qū)或者樹(shù)干基部是否有該種生長(zhǎng),有待調(diào)查。

致謝承蒙內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)白學(xué)良教授復(fù)核標(biāo)本及提供部分資料，謹(jǐn)致謝意。

參考文獻(xiàn)(References):

[1]張美珍,賴明洲.華東五省一市植物名錄.上海:上海科學(xué)普及出版社,1993:1-491.

Zhang M Z, Lai M Z.ListofPlantsfromFiveProvincesandaMunicipalityinEastChina. Shanghai: Shanghai Science Popularization Press, 1993:1-491. (in Chinese)

[2]徐炳聲.長(zhǎng)江三角洲及鄰近地區(qū)孢子植物志.上海:上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1989:267-413.

Xu B S.CryptogamicFloraoftheYangtzeDeltaandAdjacentRegions. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 1989:267-413. (in Chinese)

[3]Zhu R L, So M L, Ye L X. A synopsis of the Hepaticae-flora of Zhejiang, China.JournaloftheHattoriBotanicalLaboratory, 1988,83:159-174.

[4]Zhu R L, Hu R L, Zhang G Z. Epiphyllous liverworts from Baishanzu nature reserve, Zhejiang Province, China.Hikobia, 1994,11(4):543-547.

[5]朱瑞良,胡人亮.浙江烏巖嶺葉附生苔類植物的研究.華東師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版,1991(3):98-103.

Zhu R L, Hu R L. A study on the epiphyllous liverworts from Wuyanling of Zhejiang Province.JournalofEastChinaNormalUniversity:NaturalScienceEdition, 1991(3):98-103. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[6]Liu Y, Cao T, Guo S L. The mosses of Zhejiang Province, China: An annotated checklist.Arctoa, 2005,14:95-113.

[7]劉艷,曹同,Iwatsuki Z.浙江省蘚類植物新記錄.上海師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版,2006,35(1):79-82.

Liu Y, Cao T, Iwatsuki Z. New records of mosses to Zhejiang Province, China.JournalofShanghaiNormalUniversity:NaturalScienceEdition, 2006,35(1):79-82. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[8]劉艷,曹同.浙江省蘚類植物新記錄.華東師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版,2007(6):131-134.

Liu Y,Cao T. New records of mosses from Zhejiang Province.JournalofEastChinaNormalUniversity:NaturalScienceEdition, 2007(6):131-134. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[9]劉艷,曹同,王劍.杭州市區(qū)苔蘚植物區(qū)系初報(bào).上海師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版,2007,36(2):82-89.

Liu Y, Cao T, Wang J. Preliminary report of bryoflora from urban areas of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.JournalofShanghaiNormalUniversity:NaturalScienceEdition, 2007,36(2):82-89. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[10]郭水良,曹同.浙江省蘚類植物區(qū)系的研究概況.浙江師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版,2003,26(3):283-288.

Guo S L, Cao T. Outline of study on moss flora in Zhejiang Province.JournalofZhejiangNormalUniversity:NaturalScienceEdition, 2003,26(3):283-288. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[11]王強(qiáng).百山祖藥用苔蘚的調(diào)查植物研究.浙江農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2013(12):1593-1595,1612.

Wang Q. Study on the medicinal bryophytes of Baishanzu Mt.ZhejiangAgriculturalSciences, 2013(12):1593-1595,1612. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[12]高謙.中國(guó)苔蘚志:第二卷.北京:科學(xué)出版社,1996:113-260.

Gao Q.FloraBryophytorumSinicorum:Vol. 2. Beijing: Science Press, 1996:113-260. (in Chinese)

[13]Redfearn P L J, Tan B C, He S. A newly updated and annotated checklist of Chinese mosses.JournaloftheHattoriBotanicalLaboratory, 1996,79:163-357.

[14]賈渝,何思.中國(guó)生物物種名錄:第一卷,植物-苔蘚植物。北京:科學(xué)出版社,2013:107-108.

Jia Y, He S.SpeciesCatalogueofChina：Vol.1，Plants-Bryophytes. Beijing: Science Press, 2013:107-108. (in Chinese)

[15]Zander R H．GeneraofthePottiaceae:MossesofHarshEnvironments．Buffalo, USA: Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 1993:1-378．

[16]Li X J, Crosby M R.MossFloraofChina:Vol.2. Beijing: Science Press & St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 2001:114-250.

[17]趙東平,白學(xué)良,王麗紅,等.中國(guó)叢蘚亞科植物分類學(xué)研究概述.內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版,2012,43(6):667-671.

Zhao D P, Bai X L, Wang L H,etal. Advances in the taxonomic study of the subfamily Pottioideae in China.ActaScientiarumNaturaliumUniversitatisIntramongolicae:NaturalSciencesEdition, 2012,43(6):667-671. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[18]艾尼瓦爾江·阿布都肉蘇力,買買提明·蘇來(lái)曼,艾克巴爾·阿不都拉,等.新疆赤蘚屬植物的地理分布及3個(gè)新記錄種.西北植物學(xué)報(bào),2013,33(4):824-831.

Abdursul A, Sulayman M, Abdulla A,etal. Geographical distribution ofSyntrichiaBrid. (Pottiaceae, Musci) and its three new-recorded species in Xinjiang, China.ActaBotanicaBoreali-OccidentaliaSinica, 2013,33(4):824-831. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19]白學(xué)良.內(nèi)蒙古蘚類植物初報(bào).內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)：自然科學(xué)版,1987,18(12):311-350.

Bai X L. Preliminary report of the mosses of Inner Mongolia, China.ActaScientiarumNaturaliumUniversitatisIntramongolicae：NaturalSciencesEdition, 1987,18(12):311-350. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20]白學(xué)良.內(nèi)蒙古苔蘚植物志.呼和浩特:內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)出版社,1997:221-231.

Bai X L.FloraBryophytarumIntramongoli-carum. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press, 1997:221-231. (in Chinese)

[21]Tan B C, Jia Y. Mosses of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.JournaloftheHattoriBotanicalLaboratory, 1997,82:305-320.

[22]Tan B C, Zhao J C, Hu R L. An updated checklist of mosses of Xinjiang, China.Arctoa, 1995,4:1-14.

*通信作者(Corresponding author)：屠幼英,E-mail:youytu@zju.edu.cn

第一作者聯(lián)系方式：徐元駿,E-mail:zju_xyuanjun@163.com

URL:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/33.1247.s.20150519.1341.011.html