攝影：Pedro Pegenaute

田子坊私宅

攝影：Pedro Pegenaute

Rethinking the Split House

對(duì)二分宅的二次思考

弄堂的魅力眾所周知，曾經(jīng)以其獨(dú)特的地域性民居建筑形態(tài)遍布上世紀(jì)30年代的上海，但隨著整座城市的高密度開(kāi)發(fā)，時(shí)至今日里弄建筑正在慢慢的被拆除或破壞。當(dāng)建筑師被委托設(shè)計(jì)這樣一座位于田子坊區(qū)域的弄堂建筑時(shí)，內(nèi)部空間幾經(jīng)歷任住戶的加蓋和改造破敗不堪，整幢建筑的亮點(diǎn)幾乎只剩下一個(gè)外殼，盡管如此，業(yè)主仍希望將其改建為一處擁有三個(gè)獨(dú)立單元的公寓。

如恩的設(shè)計(jì)理念是重新思考并延續(xù)“分層式空間構(gòu)造”這一弄堂建筑的典型特征，通過(guò)新的構(gòu)筑物和天窗的嵌入添加更多空間興奮點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了建筑特征的完整性，并使其適用于現(xiàn)代的生活形態(tài)。

最初的弄堂空間內(nèi)部總是被分成兩塊截然不同的空間區(qū)域：一個(gè)較深的長(zhǎng)方形的空間和一個(gè)位于半層高處的較小房間，處于不同高度的這兩塊區(qū)域形成了一個(gè)分離的剖面，卻又被盤(pán)旋而上的樓梯連接起來(lái)。隨著城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的變遷，上世紀(jì)初總是由一戶家庭獨(dú)用的弄堂住宅也早已改變，現(xiàn)在通常為三戶甚至更多數(shù)量的家庭所共享，公共樓梯引導(dǎo)不同的住戶至位于不同高度的房間，狹窄的樓道也成為上上下下的鄰居們互動(dòng)發(fā)生的特殊場(chǎng)所。

為使這種獨(dú)具地域特色的場(chǎng)所精神得到延續(xù)，住宅里年久失修、不符規(guī)范的木制樓梯被一座全新的鋼梯所取代，新的樓梯同樣扮演了連接三層不同空間的角色。

原有建筑立面上的裝飾構(gòu)件在過(guò)去的60年間早已脫落殆盡，所以大面積的落地窗被嵌入建筑的正立面上，提升了每戶客廳里的采光質(zhì)量，而黑色的外墻更使整座建筑“消失”在弄堂口。希望新的住戶能夠體驗(yàn)到上世紀(jì)30年代上海典型城市生活的生命力。通過(guò)抓住弄堂的歷史精髓和嵌入全新建筑構(gòu)件滿足現(xiàn)代生活需求，如恩為弄堂里的這座住宅注入了新的活力，盡管它們正在消失。

Rethinking the Split House

The magical lane houses, which were once the dominant fabric that made urban Shanghai the intoxicating place that it was in the 1930s, are now slowly being demolished, taken over by high-density developments all over the city. Neri &Hu was commissioned to reconstruct a dilapidated lane house left with almost nothing except its glorious shell in the historic and artistic Tianzifang area in Shanghai, and the mission was to transform it into three separate apartment units.

Neri&Hu’s strategy was to rethink the typology of the lane house--keeping the split level formation, a typical trait to lane houses in this city, and add spatial interest through new insertions and skylights to accentuate the architectural integrity of such a typology, contemporizing it for today’s lifestyle.

Historically the lane houses are separated with two distinct spaces--a longer and often rectangular space with a smaller room half a level above that creates a split section connected by a winding stairway in between. These lane houses which were often occupied by single families during the turn of the century, have changed over the course of the city’s economic history. They are now typically occupied by three or more families, sharing the public stair case and landings, so that neighbors living on different levels or rooms have a chance to interact as they move in and out of their personal units.

To keep the spirit of this typology alive, a new continuous metal stair was inserted to replace the old decaying wooden stair that was not to code. It also serves to act both as a vertical connection to the three levels and at the same time a lock for the frontal room and room half a level above to be intact in its configuration. To keep these spaces pure and rigorous, all toilets were inserted into the stair spaces. The bathrooms, conceivably the most intimate spaces of each apartment, are inserted next to the most public stairway separated only with a sandblasted glass divider. Above this stairway, a clearstory skylight was added to bring light to the darkest space and also to the frontal room, the room half a level above, and the staircase space itself. The blurring of both the private and the public acts as the central concept that binds the split level together, and at the same time, bring life to the middle and darkest portion of the lane house.

Architecturally, the decorative elements added over the last 60 years were stripped off, and large openings were created on the frontal section to improve light qualities to the public spaces of each apartment. The color black was selected to make the building“disappear”, in hoping that one would experience the split-section connected by a public stairway that is so vital to Shanghai’s urban life in the 30’s. By capturing the spirit of the historic past and making new abstract insertions to meet modern needs, Neri&Hu infused life into a lane house in a neighborhood whose original fabric is dissolving too fast, too soon.

一層平面

二層平面

三層平面