陳傳光
一、動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤多
1. 時(shí)態(tài)誤用
一般來(lái)說(shuō),根據(jù)寫(xiě)作要求考生能夠非常清楚地知道該用什么時(shí)態(tài),但時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤是考生寫(xiě)作時(shí)普遍存在的問(wèn)題。
【典型錯(cuò)句】One afternoon some boys played football on the playground. Suddenly one of them fall over and hurt his leg.
【剖析】這段很顯然是敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,故文中的動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),畫(huà)線的部分按其語(yǔ)境應(yīng)改為were playing; fell。
2. 語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
漢語(yǔ)在表達(dá)時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式較多,學(xué)生往往在該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的地方用了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
【典型錯(cuò)句】There are many tall building in the city. Many squares and green lands build for people to rest.
【剖析】要記清各種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其用法。文中畫(huà)線的部分應(yīng)改為have been built。
3. 詞形錯(cuò)誤
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有各種復(fù)雜的詞形變化。動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、第三人稱單數(shù)形式。由于忽略了這些變化,許多同學(xué)在寫(xiě)句子時(shí)屢屢出現(xiàn)詞形錯(cuò)誤。
【典型錯(cuò)句】Lucy Green is a student. She work very hard at school.
【剖析】本句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)敘述Lucy Green的愛(ài)好,文中畫(huà)線的部分應(yīng)改為works。
4. 詞性錯(cuò)誤
① 及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的混用
英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞有及物與不及物之分。及物動(dòng)詞后須跟賓語(yǔ),可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);而不及物動(dòng)詞在使用時(shí)沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),也不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
【典型錯(cuò)句】Just then, a young man entered into the room. When he knew what had been happened, he gave us some help.
【剖析】enter本身為及物動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)于go (come) into,后面不需再用into;happen為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),應(yīng)把been去掉。
② 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與系動(dòng)詞之間的誤用
【典型錯(cuò)句】They kept busily the whole afternoon. They were quite tired but they all felt happily.
【剖析】句中的kept和felt都用作系動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)分別跟busy和happy作它們的表語(yǔ)。
③ 瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的混用
【典型錯(cuò)句】Mary lent me a book and told me that I could borrow it for three weeks.
【剖析】borrow為瞬間動(dòng)詞,不能和表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,應(yīng)將borrow改為keep。
④ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤
【典型錯(cuò)句】He likes make friends and they always enjoy play football. After work hard for a week, he wants stay at home and watch TV.
【剖析】英語(yǔ)中,兩個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞不能緊接使用,或用并列連詞連接,或后面動(dòng)詞用非謂語(yǔ)形式。有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后面只能跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作其賓語(yǔ);有的只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式;還有的既可接動(dòng)詞不定式,也可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意積累、比較、記憶。另外,還應(yīng)知道英語(yǔ)中的介詞后要接名詞、動(dòng)詞-ing等。句中畫(huà)線部分應(yīng)分別改為making, playing, working和to stay。
二、母語(yǔ)干擾強(qiáng)
1. “缺頭少腿”類
① 缺主語(yǔ)
【典型錯(cuò)句】Yesterday planted a lot of trees on the hill. When we got home, was already six oclock.
【剖析】除祈使句外,一般情況下,英語(yǔ)句子都要有主語(yǔ)。畫(huà)線部分前應(yīng)分別加上主語(yǔ)we和it。
② 缺謂語(yǔ)
【典型錯(cuò)句】My school not far from my home.
【剖析】一個(gè)完整的句子應(yīng)該有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。畫(huà)線部分應(yīng)改為is not far from。
③ 缺連詞
【典型錯(cuò)句】Mother bought me a MP3 player, I like it very much.
【剖析】英語(yǔ)中連詞and用得較多,但在漢語(yǔ)中卻很少用。應(yīng)改為:Mother bought me a MP3 player, and I like it very much.
2. “畫(huà)蛇添足”類
【典型錯(cuò)句】My brother has just returned back from the USA.
【剖析】畫(huà)線部分應(yīng)改為come back或把back去掉。
3. “張冠李戴”類
① 誤用主語(yǔ)
【典型錯(cuò)句】My mother is a doctor. Her work is very busy.
【剖析】這是典型的漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ),應(yīng)改為“She is very busy with her work. / She is very busy.”。
② 誤用謂語(yǔ)
【典型錯(cuò)句】Some of us for the plan, but some of us against the plan.
【剖析】for“同意”和against“反對(duì)”是介詞,應(yīng)在它們前加are。
③ 誤用賓語(yǔ)
【典型錯(cuò)句】Jack is my good friend. I often hear from her letter.
【剖析】英語(yǔ)中,表示“收到某人的來(lái)信”,要說(shuō)hear from sb. / get a letter from sb. / receive a letter from sb.等句型,而不能說(shuō)hear from her letter,本句要把letter去掉。
④ 誤用表語(yǔ)
【典型錯(cuò)句】I think the price of your car is very expensive.
【剖析】英語(yǔ)中,表示“價(jià)格的高(低)”,要用high(low),而不能用expensive (cheap),本句要用high。
⑤ 修飾錯(cuò)誤
【典型錯(cuò)句】I have new something to tell you.
【剖析】修飾不定代詞的定語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在后面,應(yīng)改為something new。
⑥ 誤用介詞
【典型錯(cuò)句】Today, we worked in the farm, After work, we had a good rest under the sun.
【剖析】介詞是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的一大難點(diǎn),學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)必須記住一些介詞的固定搭配和用法。如本句中的in要改為on,under要改為in。
以上是對(duì)學(xué)生在習(xí)作中容易出現(xiàn)的一些錯(cuò)誤作出的簡(jiǎn)單的分類歸納。要想真正提高自己的寫(xiě)作水平,在考試中得高分,同學(xué)們還需要平時(shí)勤學(xué)苦練,多記、多背常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)與句式,應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型來(lái)寫(xiě)句,這樣才能達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。
【欄目要求】
1. 將學(xué)生習(xí)作根據(jù)中考分值給出成績(jī); 2. 在應(yīng)該修改的地方劃線并標(biāo)注序號(hào);
3. 根據(jù)所標(biāo)序號(hào)進(jìn)行修改并說(shuō)明修改的理由; 4. 給學(xué)生習(xí)作點(diǎn)評(píng)<優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足>;
5. 請(qǐng)點(diǎn)評(píng)名師提供簡(jiǎn)歷一份,包括:學(xué)校、職務(wù)、 職稱、榮譽(yù)、教研教學(xué)成果、照片一張。
來(lái)稿請(qǐng)寄: 430079 華中師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)》 雜志社 初中部 收
本 期 點(diǎn) 評(píng) 名 師
姜經(jīng)志 男,中學(xué)英語(yǔ)高級(jí)教師、安徽省骨干教師、淮北市優(yōu)秀教師、中國(guó)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)研究會(huì)會(huì)員、《中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)》特約編委、《學(xué)英語(yǔ)》和《英語(yǔ)周報(bào)》特約編輯。多年來(lái),在省級(jí)以上報(bào)刊發(fā)表文章800余篇,并有多篇論文獲獎(jiǎng);曾主編《初中生英語(yǔ)滿分作文大全》、《英語(yǔ)奧林匹克》、《新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)暑假作業(yè)》,參編《高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)反饋與閱讀》、《初中英語(yǔ)題典大全》、《21世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)指南》等;多次輔導(dǎo)學(xué)生在國(guó)家和省級(jí)英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中獲獎(jiǎng)。
My House
Do you want to know about my house? Come with me! This is our living room. Its big and clean. There is a sofa in the middle of the room. There is a big television in front of the sofa. Sometimes my father watch① sports programs on the sofa. My sister and I often watch cartoons there.
Next to the living room, on the right, is the balcony. There is② many beautiful flowers on the balcony. This is my grandmothers favorite place. She often waters and looks at the flowers here.
My bedroom is on the left of the living room. I study here. There is a computer and a bookshelf in my bedroom. I often play computer games there.
I very like my house③.
安徽省濉溪縣四鋪中心學(xué)校七(4)班 曹夢(mèng)欣
1. 優(yōu)點(diǎn):
作者對(duì)自己的房子做了詳細(xì)的描述,全文語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)活潑,文筆流暢,結(jié)構(gòu)合理。盡管出現(xiàn)了幾處錯(cuò)誤,但對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)把握合理,這方面值得同學(xué)們借鑒學(xué)習(xí)。作者對(duì)There be句型能夠靈活運(yùn)用。
2. 需要修改的地方:
①watch應(yīng)改為watches。該句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且主語(yǔ)my father為第三人稱,故動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
②There is應(yīng)改為There are。該句為There be句型,且主語(yǔ)many beautiful flowers為復(fù)數(shù),故此處應(yīng)為There are。
③I very like my house應(yīng)改為I like my house very much。very不能直接修飾動(dòng)詞;very much可以用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,且放在句子末尾。
3. 評(píng)分:
按中考英語(yǔ)作文滿分20分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),本文修改前可得18分。
中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)·閱讀與寫(xiě)作2014年12期