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252例結(jié)直腸癌患者胸苷酸合成酶基因多態(tài)性分析

2015-03-21 05:39金曉波彭南求寧波市明州醫(yī)院浙江寧波3504上海賽安生物醫(yī)藥科技有限公司衛(wèi)生部醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生科技發(fā)展研究中心腫瘤個(gè)體化治療分子診斷技術(shù)研究基地上海20900
關(guān)鍵詞:多態(tài)性基因型直腸癌

金曉波,彭南求(.寧波市明州醫(yī)院,浙江 寧波 3504;2.上海賽安生物醫(yī)藥科技有限公司,衛(wèi)生部醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生科技發(fā)展研究中心腫瘤個(gè)體化治療分子診斷技術(shù)研究基地,上海 20900)

252例結(jié)直腸癌患者胸苷酸合成酶基因多態(tài)性分析

金曉波1,彭南求2△
(1.寧波市明州醫(yī)院,浙江 寧波 315104;2.上海賽安生物醫(yī)藥科技有限公司,衛(wèi)生部醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生科技發(fā)展研究中心腫瘤個(gè)體化治療分子診斷技術(shù)研究基地,上海 201900)

目的分析結(jié)直腸癌患者腦苷酸合成酶(TS)基因多態(tài)性,以期能為結(jié)直腸癌的個(gè)體化治療提供指導(dǎo)。方法采用PCR測(cè)序的方法分析252例結(jié)直腸癌患者TS基因多態(tài)性。結(jié)果共檢測(cè)了252例結(jié)直腸癌患者,其中男137例、女115例。男性患者TS基因型主要為3RG/3RC(36.50%),其次是2RC/3RC和3RG/3RG(各占18.25%)。女性患者基因型也主要是3RG/3RC(36.52%),其次是3RG/3RG(26.09%)。28例年輕患者中,基因型主要為3RG/3RC(42.86%),其次是2RC/3RG(21.43%);84例中年患者中,基因型主要為3RG/3RC(45.24%),其次是2RC/3RC(16.67%);115例老年患者中,基因型主要為3RG/3RC(36.52%),其次是2RC/3RG(16.52%)。結(jié)論結(jié)直腸癌患者TS基因多態(tài)性檢測(cè)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要基因型為3RG/3RC。

結(jié)直腸癌; 胸苷酸合成酶; 基因多態(tài)性

結(jié)直腸癌是常見(jiàn)的高危害消化道惡性腫瘤,發(fā)生率僅次于胃癌和食道癌。全球每年新發(fā)病例超過(guò)100萬(wàn),年死亡數(shù)超過(guò)50萬(wàn)。中國(guó)每年新發(fā)病例已超過(guò)17萬(wàn),死亡近10萬(wàn)。近二十年來(lái)結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病率在逐漸增加,同時(shí),其發(fā)病年齡正趨向老齡化。一般而言,結(jié)直腸癌多在60~70歲發(fā)病,50歲以下的患者所占比例不到20%。中國(guó)患者的發(fā)病年齡多在40~60歲,中位發(fā)病年齡比歐美約提前10年,高峰在50歲左右,但30歲以下的結(jié)直腸癌患者也比歐美多見(jiàn)[1-3]。胸苷酸合成酶(TS)參與DNA的合成,5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)主要通過(guò)抑制TS而發(fā)揮抗腫瘤的作用。TS基因多態(tài)性造成TS蛋白表達(dá)和功能的差異,影響5-FU化療有效性。TS基因啟動(dòng)增強(qiáng)子區(qū)5′端的一個(gè)28bp的序列可發(fā)生2~3次的重復(fù)(2R/3R)多態(tài)性,影響TS基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。3R將導(dǎo)致TS基因表達(dá)增加,TS活性提高。2R純合子和2R/3R雜合子有臨床生存期的顯著提高,而3R純合子無(wú)生存獲益[4]。在3R/3R情況下,如果第二個(gè)重復(fù)中的第12個(gè)堿基同時(shí)存在G>C的多態(tài)性,將使TS表達(dá)量降低至2R水平[5],5-FU的療效較好[6]。本研究采用PCR-測(cè)序法研究了252例中國(guó)人結(jié)直腸癌腫瘤血液標(biāo)本中TS的基因多態(tài)性,同時(shí)比較了不同性別和年齡群體中TS基因突變頻率的差異,以期能為5-氟尿嘧啶的使用提供參考依據(jù)。

1 材料和方法

1.1 標(biāo)本來(lái)源 本研究使用的臨床樣本來(lái)自全國(guó)上百家三級(jí)醫(yī)院,包括252例血液標(biāo)本。所有參與本研究的結(jié)直腸癌患者或其家屬均簽署過(guò)授權(quán)給上海賽安生物醫(yī)藥科技有限公司進(jìn)行TS基因檢測(cè)的知情許可同意書(shū)。所有標(biāo)本均為抽取2mL外周血,置于EDTA抗凝管中,低溫保存和運(yùn)輸。

1.2 儀器與試劑 實(shí)驗(yàn)使用的Pfu酶、dNTP購(gòu)自上海申能博彩生物科技有限公司,DNA提取試劑盒購(gòu)自Axygen Scientific公司,所使用的PCR儀則購(gòu)自杭州博日科技有限公司,離心機(jī)購(gòu)自湘儀離心機(jī)儀器有限公司,PCR產(chǎn)物序列測(cè)定由上海鼎安生物科技有限公司完成。

1.3 方法 基因組DNA的提取按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行。TS基因多態(tài)性檢測(cè)采用PCR測(cè)序法,用primer5軟件進(jìn)行引物設(shè)計(jì),由英濰捷基(上海)貿(mào)易有限公司合成。檢測(cè)步驟為:(1)PCR擴(kuò)增,正向引物:GTG GCT CCT GCG TTT CCC CC,反向引物:GCT CCG AGC CGG CCA CAG GCA TGG CGC GG,擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物片段大小為242bp。25L擴(kuò)增體系包括2.5L10× PCR緩沖液0.4mol/L的上、下游引物,0.25mmol/L的dNTP,0.5UPfu酶,100ng DNA模板。PCR擴(kuò)增程序?yàn)?5℃先變性3min,然后進(jìn)行45個(gè)循環(huán)的擴(kuò)增:95℃40s,58℃20s,70℃40s,最后在72℃延伸5min。(2)PCR產(chǎn)物純化測(cè)序,由上海鼎安生物科技有限公司完成。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 PCR產(chǎn)物測(cè)序結(jié)果 采用PCR的方法,檢測(cè)TS基因多態(tài)性,其代表性結(jié)果見(jiàn)附圖1(見(jiàn)《國(guó)際檢驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》網(wǎng)站主頁(yè)“論文附件”)。

2.2 結(jié)直腸癌患者TS基因型分布 本研究共檢測(cè)了252例結(jié)直腸癌患者,其中男137例、女115例。男性患者TS基因型主要為3RG/3RC,占36.50%,其次是2RC/3RC和3RG/3RG,各占18.25%;女性患者基因型也主要是3RG/3RC,占36.52%,其次是3RG/3RG,占26.09%;28例年輕患者中,基因型主要為3RG/3RC,占42.86%,其次是2RC/3RG,占21.43%;84例中年患者中,基因型主要為3RG/3RC,占45.24%,其次是2RC/3RC,占16.67%;115例老年患者中,基因型主要為3RG/3RC,占36.52%,其次是2RC/3RG,占16.52%。2RC/2RG是一種罕見(jiàn)的基因型,252例患者中僅在女性老年患者中發(fā)現(xiàn)1例。見(jiàn)表1。

3 討 論

TS催化dUMP轉(zhuǎn)變成dTMP,它是胸苷酸唯一的從頭合成途徑[7]。TS*3R基因多態(tài)性在不同種族中的分布頻率存在差異,肯尼亞人是49%,高加索人是55%,中國(guó)人是82%[8],土耳其人是58%[9]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道了在3′UTR發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外一個(gè)多態(tài)性TS 1494del6位點(diǎn)[10],這個(gè)多態(tài)性在美國(guó)白人中的分布頻率是71%,在中國(guó)華北和華南的分布頻率分別是32.0%和30.9%[11]?;蚨鄳B(tài)性存在種族差異,可能是由于遺傳和生存環(huán)境的不同造成的。最新的研究表明,相比較于3R基因型,2R基因型個(gè)體更容易罹患結(jié)直腸癌,而TS 1494del6則沒(méi)有影響[12]。Zhou等[13]的Meta分析也支持這一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),2R/2R基因型的亞洲人更容易罹患癌癥,而對(duì)于高加索人來(lái)講,這種基因型反而有保護(hù)作用。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TS 1494del6會(huì)導(dǎo)致TS mRNA表達(dá)水平的減少,這個(gè)多態(tài)性可能和mRNA的穩(wěn)定性和翻譯有關(guān)[14-15],攜帶ins 6bp/ins 6bp基因型患者TS mRNA表達(dá)水平是純合刪除基因型(del 6bp/del 6bp)的4倍,而雜合基因型(del 6bp/ins 6bp)則位于中間。

Thomas等[16]在高加索人TS的第一個(gè)重復(fù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)稀有的單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP),這個(gè)SNP在非裔美國(guó)人亞洲人中都沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn),它和TS的關(guān)系需要更多的研究來(lái)證明。他們還在3RC等位基因中發(fā)現(xiàn)了6bp的插入,在高加索人和非裔美國(guó)人中的頻率分別是0.4%和1.3%,這個(gè)多態(tài)性最早是在日本人中發(fā)現(xiàn)的,出現(xiàn)頻率是0.6%[17],至于6bp的插入對(duì)TS功能的影響目前還不清楚。

TS是廣泛使用的化療藥5-FU的靶點(diǎn)。5-FU治療的致死率是0.5%,引發(fā)3-4級(jí)毒性副反應(yīng)的概率是20%~30%[18-22]。對(duì)這個(gè)藥物相關(guān)的一些基因如TS多態(tài)性進(jìn)行分析被認(rèn)為可以有效地預(yù)測(cè)不良反應(yīng)和治療結(jié)果,Lecomte等[23]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),2R/2R、2R/3R、3R/3R基因型患者發(fā)生3~4級(jí)毒性反應(yīng)的概率分別是43%、18%、3%,單倍型2R/ins 6bp患者有嚴(yán)重的不良反應(yīng)。因此,TS基因型有可能可以作為基于5-FU化療不良反應(yīng)預(yù)測(cè)的指標(biāo),從而指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生個(gè)體化用藥。也有研究認(rèn)為T(mén)S的基因多態(tài)性并不能預(yù)測(cè)5-FU治療Ⅲ期結(jié)腸癌的療效,然而,年齡會(huì)影響TS的基因多態(tài)性對(duì)生存的作用[24]。

葉酸是一個(gè)重要的微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素分子,參與DNA的合成、甲基化和修復(fù)。TS不僅在DNA復(fù)制和修復(fù)中提供需要的核苷酸方面發(fā)揮重要的作用,而且在葉酸代謝中也起著很重要的作用[8,10,25]。Trinh等[26]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TS 3R/3R基因型和血漿葉酸減少相關(guān),而低葉酸水平則會(huì)增加罹患結(jié)直腸癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[27-28]。

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Polymorphism analysis of thymidylate synthase in 252 colorectal cancer patients

Jin Xiaobo1,Peng Nanqiu2△
(1.Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital,Ningbo,Zhejiang315104,China;2.Shanghai Shines Pharmaceuticals Company Limited/Research Base of Molecular Diagnosis Technology for Tumor Personalized Therapy,Development Center for Medical Science and Technology,Ministry of Health,Shanghai 201900,China)

ObjectiveTo analyze the polymorphism of thymidylate synthase(TS)in colorectal cancer patients,further more,to provide guidance for personalized therapy of colorectal cancer.MethodsPCR direct sequencing was used to detect the polymorphism of TS in 252patients with colorectal cancer.ResultsTS genotypes of 252patients with colorectal cancer were detected totally,including 137male and 115female.3RG/3RC accounted for the largest proportion in both male and female(36.50%and 36.52% respectively).In female,2RC/3RC and 3RG/3RG both accounted for the second largest proportion(both 18.25%).While in female,3RG/3RC accounted for the second largest proportion(26.09%).If patients were divided according to age groups,in youth patients(n=28),3RG/3RC accounted for the largest proportion(42.86%),and the second was 2RC/3RG(21.43%).In the middle aged patients(n=84),3RG/3RC(45.24%)and 2RC/3RC(16.67%)were the major genotypes.For old patients(n=115),the major genotypes were 3RG/3RC(36.52%)and 2RC/3RG(16.52%).ConclusionThe polymorphism of TS are mainly 3RG/3RC in colorectal cancer patients.

colorectal cancer; thymidylate synthase; polymorphism

10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2015.03.026

A

1673-4130(2015)03-0347-03

2014-11-08)

金曉波,男,檢驗(yàn)技師,主要從事分子診斷學(xué)的相關(guān)研究?!?/p>

,E-mail:nqpeng@163.com。

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