華法林聯(lián)用卡培他濱致嚴(yán)重皮下出血1例報(bào)告
許青1*蔡映云2呂遷洲1
(1. 復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院藥劑科 上海 200032;2. 復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院老年病科 上海 200032)
摘 要1例68歲男性患者因慢性心房顫動(dòng)長(zhǎng)期服用華法林抗凝治療11年,其國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化比值被控制在1.5 ~ 2.3間。2個(gè)月前患者被診出罹患直腸癌,術(shù)后口服卡培他濱化療,但在第3個(gè)化療療程內(nèi)出現(xiàn)全身皮膚淤斑、左側(cè)背部皮下血腫等癥狀,國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化比值也升高至5.2。經(jīng)停用華法林、給予維生素K1治療后,皮膚淤斑和皮下血腫消退。華法林抗凝作用增強(qiáng)可能與卡培他濱抑制細(xì)胞色素P450 2C9同功酶的活性有關(guān)。 1 病史
關(guān)鍵詞華法林 卡培他濱 藥物相互作用
ABSTRACTA 68 years old man has received warfarin therapy for chronic fibrillation atria for 11 years, and his international normalized ratio (INR) was maintained between 1.5 ~ 2.3. This patient began to receive capecitabine chemotherapy due to resected rectal cancer two months ago. During the third cycle of the chemotherapy, he found ecchymoma on his left back, and ecchymoses on his skin all over the body, and his INR increased to 5.2. Ecchymoma and ecchymoses gradually regressed after withdraw of warfarin and administration of vitamin K1. The enhanced anticoagulant effect of warfarin might be associated with the capecitabine-induced suppression of cytochrome P450 2C9 isoenzyme.
KEY WORDSwarfarin; capecitabine; drug interaction
華法林為口服香豆素類抗凝藥,廣泛應(yīng)用于多種疾病如心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)后、冠心病、肺栓塞和深靜脈血栓形成等的抗凝治療。卡培他濱是氟尿嘧啶的口服前體藥物,用于治療晚期乳腺癌和結(jié)、直腸癌。本文報(bào)告1例長(zhǎng)期服用華法林的慢性心房顫動(dòng)患者因在直腸癌術(shù)后接受卡培他濱化療導(dǎo)致華法林過量、進(jìn)而引起嚴(yán)重出血的情況,以期引起臨床的重視。
某患者,男性,68歲。有慢性心房顫動(dòng)病史11年,長(zhǎng)期服用地高辛0.25 mg/d及華法林2.5 mg/d治療,多次檢測(cè)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化比值(International Normalized Ratio, INR)都在1.5 ~ 2.3間。2009年7月被發(fā)現(xiàn)又罹患直腸癌,于同年8月接受了手術(shù)切除。當(dāng)時(shí)檢測(cè)的INR在控制范圍內(nèi)?;颊咝g(shù)后口服化療藥物卡培他濱(每療程21 d,其中前14 d 2次/d、1.5 g/次,然后停藥7 d)治療3個(gè)療程?;熎陂g華法林的用藥劑量同前,未檢測(cè)INR。
患者于2009年10月初(第3個(gè)化療療程內(nèi))無明顯誘因而出現(xiàn)全身多處皮膚淤斑,后又發(fā)覺左側(cè)背部靠近腋下皮下有腫塊,腫塊大小10×10 cm左右,觸之有波動(dòng)感和壓痛、但未發(fā)紅和發(fā)熱,同時(shí)出現(xiàn)頭暈、出冷汗和心慌等癥狀?;颊咭虮巢磕[塊迅速增大,至我院就診。背部B超檢查為液性,并抽出暗紅色血液,考慮是皮下血腫。血常規(guī)檢查結(jié)果:血紅蛋白水平為91 g/L,血小板計(jì)數(shù)為140×109/L,白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)為10.57×109/L;凝血指標(biāo)檢測(cè)結(jié)果:凝血酶原時(shí)間(prothrombin time, PT)為63.5 s,活化部分凝血活酶時(shí)間(activeated partial thromboplastin time, APTT)為67.6 s,纖維蛋白原水平
為285 mg/dl,INR為5.2。
華法林在肝臟經(jīng)細(xì)胞色素P450酶(cytochrome P450, CYP)代謝,主要代謝酶為CYP 2C9、3A4 和1A2同功酶,另有非酶介導(dǎo)的代謝途徑。華法林的抗凝作用易受各種藥物及飲食因素的影響。臨床上常用INR作為華法林抗凝作用的監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo),其應(yīng)被控制在2.0 ~ 3.0間。
該患者有出血癥狀,且INR為5.2,考慮可能由藥物-藥物或食物相互作用導(dǎo)致華法林藥效增加所引起。患者在化療期間的食物及聯(lián)用藥物基本沒有變化,故疑是化療藥物卡培他濱影響了華法林的抗凝作用??ㄅ嗨麨I是氟尿嘧啶的一種口服前體藥物,盡管上市前的體外研究未發(fā)現(xiàn)卡培他濱及其代謝產(chǎn)物對(duì)CYP活性有抑制作用,但國(guó)內(nèi)、外多個(gè)個(gè)例報(bào)告及研究[1-8]都提示,卡培他濱可以抑制CYP 2C9同功酶活性,由此減少華法林的代謝、使之抗凝活性提高。
建議采取的措施:在進(jìn)行卡培他濱化療期間,減少華法林的用藥劑量(可從1.25 mg/d開始),同時(shí)密切監(jiān)測(cè)患者的INR,隨時(shí)據(jù)此調(diào)整華法林的劑量。
患者入院后停用華法林,給予經(jīng)靜脈滴注維生素K130 mg治療,同時(shí)抽出皮下血腫內(nèi)的積血。次日復(fù)查凝血指標(biāo),結(jié)果顯示PT為16.1 s、APTT為28.4 s、INR 為1.36?;颊邿o新發(fā)出血灶。背部的皮下血腫縮小,皮膚淤斑逐漸消退。隨訪其凝血功能,見PT為11.6 s、APTT為26.0 s、INR為0.98。此后,在進(jìn)行卡培他濱化療期間,患者的華法林用量減為1.25 mg/d,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)了對(duì)INR的監(jiān)測(cè)頻率。
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收稿日期:(2015-03-21)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:Subcutaneous hemorrhage caused by warfarin in combination with capecitabine: a case report;XYU Qing1*, CAI Yingyun2, LYU Qianzhou1(1. Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; 2. Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)
文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2015)07-0072-01
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:C
中圖分類號(hào):R969.2; R973.2; R979.1