1. explorer n. 探險者

The explorer was ever awake for the dangers that surrounded him.

這個探險家時刻提防著周圍的危險。

His father is an Arctic explorer.

他父親是一位北極探險者。

（1） explore v. 考察，勘探；探究，探討

As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore.

我們一來到島上就急不可耐地考察起來。

These ideas will be explored in more detail in Chapter 7.

這些想法將在第7章里作更詳細的探討。

（2） exploration n. （對某地區(qū)的）勘查

We set out on this voyage of exploration with an open mind.

我們以開放的心態(tài)開始了這次探索之旅。

2. extreme adj. 極端的，極度的

Children will be removed from their parents only in extreme circumstances.

只有在極端情況下才會讓孩子離開父母。

We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.

目前我們正在極大的壓力下工作。

3. trap v. 儲存，留存；使陷入困境

Wool traps your body heat， keeping the chill at bay.

毛織品能夠保暖御寒。

The volume of gas trapped on these surfaces can be considerable.

存留在這些表面的氣體體積可能相當(dāng)大。

They were trapped in the burning building.

他們被困在燃燒著的樓房里。

4. balance v. 使平衡

How long can you balance on one leg？

你單腿能站多久？

balanced adj. 保持（或顯示）平衡的

The programme presented a balanced view of the two sides of the conflict.

節(jié)目公平地反映了沖突雙方的情況。

5. promote v. 促進，增進

We don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.

我們不必為了促進經(jīng)濟增長而犧牲環(huán)境保護。

They have begun dialogues to promote better understanding between both communities.

雙方已經(jīng)開始了對話，以增進兩個社群間的彼此了解。

（1） promote v. 促銷，推銷

The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.

這個樂隊已開始巡回宣傳他們的新唱片。

（2） promotion n. 提升；提拔；晉級

Her promotion to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.

竟然提拔她當(dāng)銷售經(jīng)理，叫每個人都感到意外。

6. absence n. 缺乏；沒有

The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.

此案因缺乏確鑿證據(jù)而不予受理。

absent adj. 缺席的，不在場的

v. 缺席，不參加；不在

Joe was absent from the house all the next day.

喬第二天一整天都不在家。

She had absented herself from the office for the day.

這一天她沒有去辦公室上班。

7. discourage v. 阻止；打消……的念頭

搭配：

（1） discourage sth 打消某事

We discouraged his attempt to run away from home.

我們勸阻了他離家出走的打算。

（2） discourage sb from doing sth 打消某人做某事的念頭

Teachers should discourage their students from smoking and drinking.

教師應(yīng)勸阻學(xué)生吸煙喝酒。

（1） discourage v. 使氣餒

It may be difficult to do at first. Don’t let this discourage you.

開始時做起來也許比較困難，不要讓這個泄你的氣。

（2） discouraged adj. 沮喪的，灰心喪氣的

Students soon get discouraged if you criticize them too often.

如果你批評學(xué)生次數(shù)太多的話，他們很快就會泄氣的。

（3） discouraging adj. 令人泄氣的，令人沮喪的

It’s discouraging that so many students have failed.

那么多學(xué)生考不及格，真令人泄氣。

（4） discouragement n. 氣餒；令人沮喪的事

Despite all these discouragements， she refused to give up.

盡管遇到這么多挫折，她仍不氣餒。

8. privilege n. 榮幸

I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.

但愿有幸與他們再度合作。

（1） privilege n. [C]特殊利益；優(yōu)惠待遇

[U]（有錢有勢者的）特權(quán)

Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.

教育應(yīng)當(dāng)是全民的權(quán)利而非某部分人特別享有的。

As a member of the nobility， his life had been one of wealth and privilege.

身為貴族中的一員，他過著有錢有勢的生活。

（2） privilege v. 給予特權(quán)；特別優(yōu)待

In some countries， the president can privilege somebody from capital punishment.

在有些國家，總統(tǒng)可以特赦一些人免于死刑。

9. reliability n. 可靠性

The reliability of these results has been questioned.

這些結(jié)果的可信程度已受到質(zhì)疑。

（1） reliable adj. 可信賴的；可依靠的

We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working.

我們在物色可靠而又勤奮的人。

（2） reliably adv. 可靠地；確實地

I am reliably informed that the company is being sold.

我獲得可靠消息說公司要被賣掉了。

10. inspiration n. 鼓舞；啟示；靈感

Her charity work is an inspiration to us all.

她的慈善工作激勵著我們大家。

Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.

夢境可以成為藝術(shù)家靈感的豐富源泉。

（1） inspire v. 鼓舞；激勵；賦予靈感

His speech inspired the soldiers.

他的演說使士兵們大受鼓舞。

The best museums educate， entertain and inspire us.

最好的博物館可以用來教育、娛樂和賦予我們靈感。

（2） inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；啟發(fā)靈感的

an inspiring teacher 啟發(fā)能力強的教師

His speech was inspiring and touched my heart.

他的發(fā)言鼓舞人心、動人肺腑。

（3） inspired adj. 卓越的；有靈感的

an inspired performance 精彩的演出

an inspired poet 有靈感的詩人

11. adapt to（使）適應(yīng)

Chung has tried to adapt to local customs.

鐘努力去適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。

adapt v. 使適應(yīng)，使適合（新用途、新情況）

Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.

這些工具多數(shù)已經(jīng)過特別改裝，供殘疾人使用。

12. set foot on 進入，到達

They first set foot on our soil as adventurers.

他們起初是以冒險家身份踏上我國國土的。

set v. 放置，安置；使開始

They ate everything that was set in front of them.

他們把放在面前的東西都吃光了。

He pulled the lever and set the machine in motion.

他扳動操縱桿，啟動了機器。

13. in case of 如果；假使

In case of fire， ring the alarm bell.

如遇火警，請按警鈴。

case n. 具體情況；實例；事例

In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment.

在某些情況下，人們必須等上好幾周才能得到約見。

It’s a classic case of bad planning.

這是計劃不當(dāng)?shù)囊粋€典型事例。

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

Science can’t explain the power of pets， but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack， reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.

Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some， an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2014 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress levels and blood pressure in people—half of them pet owners—while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone， with a husband/wife， a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room， people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. “It seems people feel more relaxed around pets，” says Allen， who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.

A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs； a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average， people lost about 11 pounds， or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better， losing an average of 12 pounds， more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but， say researchers， got more exercise overall—mostly with their dogs—and found it worth doing.

1. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if ___ .

A. he has a pet companion

B. he has less stress of work

C. he often does mental arithmetic

D. he is taken care of by his family

2. According to Allen， why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks？

A. They have lower blood pressure.

B. They become more patient.

C. They are in higher spirits.

D. They are less nervous.

3. The research mentioned in the last paragraph shows that ___ .

A. people with dogs did more exercise

B. dogs lost the same weight as people did

C. dogs liked exercise much more than people did

D. people without dogs found the program unhelpful

4. What does the text mainly discuss？

A. Pet’s value in medical research.

B. What pets bring to their owners.

C. How pets help people calm down.

D. People’s opinions of keeping pets.

完形填空

This year John was overjoyed by the Christmas season. He was becoming a 1 . He knew soon he would be old enough to

2 the orphanage （孤兒院）. He was 3 by this expectation. He would save his orange， the Christmas gift， until his 4 in July. If he 5 it very carefully， he might be able to eat it on his birthday.

Christmas day finally came. Entering the big dining hall， John could smell the 6 aroma （味） of meat. Because of his excitement， he lost his footing， 7 a disturbance. Immediately the master 8 ， “John， leave the hall and there’ll be no 9 for you this year.” John’s heart broke 10 . Tears in eyes， he turned and went swiftly back to the cold room so that the children would not see his 11 .

Later he heard the door open and some children entered. Little Elizabeth 12 a piece of rag. “Here John，” she said， “This is for you.” John was 13 by her innocence as he 14 the bulge （鼓起） in her hand. Lifting back the edges of the rag， he saw a big juicy orange all peeled and quartered…and then he 15 what they had done. Each had 16 their own orange by sharing a quarter and had created a big beautiful orange for him.

John never forgot the love and sharing his friends had shown him that Christmas day. John’s beginning was a poor existence；

17 ， his growth to manhood was 18 by wealth and success. In 19 of that day， every year he would send oranges to children in orphanages. His desire was that no child would ever spend Christmas without a（n） 20 Christmas fruit！

1. A. fatherB. masterC. man D. soldier

2. A. leaveB. assistC. rebuildD. escape

3. A. disappointedB. excitedC. annoyedD. embarrassed

4. A. graduationB. anniversaryC. wedding D. birthday

5. A. polishedB. hidC. preservedD. planted

6. A. awfulB. strangeC. sour D. unusual

7. A. causingB. encouragingC. showingD. sharing

8. A. explainedB. shoutedC. whisperedD. sighed

9. A. friend B. toyC. prize D. orange

10. A. quietly B. slowlyC. violentlyD. narrowly

11. A. anxietyB. sorrowC. angerD. surprise

12. A. helped out B. picked outC. held outD. tried out

13. A. touched B. puzzledC. shocked D. amazed

14. A. pointed to B. stuck toC. searched forD. reached for

15. A. wondered B. realizedC. analyzed D. ignored

16. A. collected B. keptC. sacrificedD. brought

17. A. however B. besidesC. instead D. therefore

18. A. replied B. returnedC. reacted D. rewarded

19. A. searchB. memoryC. favorD. honor

20. A. importantB. expensiveC. special D. large

閱讀填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

A rich land owner decided to leave possessions to one of his two sons. As he 1 （lie） on the deathbed， he called the two young men to him and said， “I will leave all 2 （I） wealth to the one who can best fill this room. It was in this room 3 I made plans on how to build up my fortune. Not an inch must 4 （leave） uncovered. As I am getting 5 （weak） by the hour you both must come back by midnight.” He handed them a small piece of silver

6 an empty bag to put their purchases in. They both went out and hurriedly came back with their purchases. Having bought the straw， the elder began 7 （spread） it around the floor， but far from 8 （fill） the room. “This is no use， son，” said the father， “and let me see how your brother fills the room.” The younger son took 9 of his bag a large candle， set it on the table in the center of the room and lit it. A brilliant bright light filled up the whole room. The father was delighted and said 10 （excite）， “Son， I am sure you will use the wealth well.”

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

閱讀理解

Three-quarters of a million tourists visit the white beaches every year， but this booming industry has come at a price. Poisonous smoke rising from open fires， rubbish made up of plastic bottles， packets…it’s a far cry from the white sands， clear waters and palm trees that we associate with the Maldives， the paradise island holiday destination set in the Indian Ocean.

Of its 200 inhabited islands， which are spread across an area of 35，000 square miles， 99 are good tourist attractions. So many tourists come every year， more than double the local population. Of these， over l00，000 travel from the UK. The capital， Malé， is four times more densely （密集地） populated than London. Given these facts， it’s hardly surprising that the Maldives has a waste disposal （處理） problem.

Years ago， when the tourists left， the government had to deal with a stream of rubbish. Their solution was to turn one of the islands into a dumping （傾倒） ground. Four miles west of Malé is the country’s dumping ground， Thilafushi. What you are seeing here is a view of the Maldives on which no honeymooners will ever clap eyes. Each visitor produces 3.5 kg of waste per day. The country dumps more than 330 tons of rubbish on the island every day.

Now， since many waste boats， fed up with waiting seven hours or more， directly offload their goods into the sea， the government of the Maldives has banned the dumping of waste on the island. So， the waste boats ship the rubbish to India instead.

1. The underlined part can probably be replaced by “___ ”.

A. it’s quite similar to

B. it’s a loud shout from

C. it’s a long distance from

D. it’s totally different from

2. What is the main cause of the waste disposal problem？

A. Too many waste boats.

B. The big local population.

C. Open fires on the islands.

D. The large number of tourists.

3. What can we learn from the text？

A. It’s much more crowded in Malé than in London.

B. Another island will be used as a dumping ground.

C. No honeymooners are willing to visit the Maldives.

D. Waste on islands will be offloaded directly into the sea.

4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？

A. To state the waste disposal problem in the Maldives.

B. To explain the causes of pollution in the Maldives.

C. To call on us to protect the environment.

D. To attract more tourists to the Maldives.

閱讀選擇

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

How to Avoid Weight Gain over Holidays

Do you love the holidays， but hate the pounds that follow？ You are not alone. Many people are worried about their weight. 1 The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy.

Here are some tips for preventing weight gain and maintaining physical fitness：

Don’t skip meals.

2 This may help to avoid getting too excited before delicious food.

Control portions （分量）.

Use a small plate （about 10 inches） and put aside the large ones that may encourage you to “l(fā)oad up”. 3

Begin with soup and fruit or vegetables.

Fill up beforehand with water-based soup and raw fruit or vegetables. Or drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you feel full.

Stick to physical activity.

4 A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off additional calories.

5

Dishes that look oily or creamy may have a large amount of fat. Choose lean （少脂肪的） meats. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. Use lemon juice instead of butter.

A. Avoid high-fat foods.

B. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays.

C. Remember the Dos and Don’ts for keeping fit and slim.

D. Before you leave home， have a small， low-fat meal or snack.

E. You’d better turn your attention away from delicious foods.

F. You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist.

G. With proper planning， though， it is possible to keep normal weight during the holidays.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

短文改錯

Dear Mary，

Our city had changed a lot in the past 5 years. Firstly， more high buildings have appeared， that are modern and beautiful. Many overbridges have set up， so it has become very convenient for people to travel. However， many families have got cars of their own. The people’s life here has become rich and colorfully. People can enjoy themselves travelling on holidays. To my delighted， I can taste delicious food of the different countries. And now it is easy for me to keep on touch with you than before， for I can email you in my office.

Yours，

Christine