詞匯短語園地

1. appeal v. 懇求；呼吁

搭配：

（1） appeal to sb （for sth） （為某事）呼吁/懇請(qǐng)某人

He appealed to his friends for help.

他向朋友們請(qǐng)求幫助。

（2） appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/懇請(qǐng)某人做某事

The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm.

警察向群眾呼吁要保持冷靜。

（1） appeal v. 上訴；有吸引力

搭配：

1） appeal against sth 不服某事而上訴

He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.

他對(duì)被判五年徒刑提出上訴。

2） appeal to sb 迎合某人的愛好；吸引某人

The idea appealed to Mary.

這主意正合瑪麗的心意。

（2） appeal n. 呼吁，懇求；上訴；吸引力

The country has made an appeal for help to the world.

那個(gè)國家向世界求助。

The new fashion soon lost its appeal.

這種新式樣很快就失去了吸引力。

2. loss n. 丟失；喪失

The loss of her purse caused her much inconvenience.

丟失錢包給她帶來了諸多不便。

The loss of income for the government is about $250 million a month.

政府收入每月大概減少2.5億美元。

3. seek v. 尋找；尋求

We sought （for） an answer to the question， but couldn’t find one.

我們尋求這個(gè)問題的答案，可是沒能找到。

Most men seek wealth； all men seek happiness.

大多數(shù)人尋求財(cái)富，每個(gè)人都追求幸福。

seek advice/help/permission 征求建議/尋求幫助/征求同意

seek fame 追求名利

seek one’s fortune 尋找致富（或成功）的機(jī)會(huì)

seek for/after 尋求；追求

seek sth from sb 向某人尋求某物

seek to do sth 試圖做某事

辨析：

比較seek，find和search

（1） seek“尋找；探索”，一般用于抽象意義，有時(shí)也表示渴望得到某一具體的東西，是比較正式的書面用法。既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。作不及物動(dòng)詞表“尋找；探索”時(shí)，既可接after也可接for。

（2） find“找到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”的結(jié)果。

（3） search“搜尋；搜查”，后接要搜查的場所；后接人時(shí)指“搜身”。

4. blame n. （對(duì)錯(cuò)事或壞事應(yīng)付的）責(zé)任

搭配：

（1） accept/bear/take the blame for sth 對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任

You must bear the blame for the accident.

你必須承擔(dān)造成這次事故的責(zé)任。

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.

我們?cè)笇?duì)所發(fā)生的事負(fù)責(zé)。

（2） put/lay the blame for sth on sb 將某事歸咎于某人

She’ll put the blame on us if it turns out badly.

如果結(jié)果糟糕，她將會(huì)怪罪于我們。

He is trying to lay the blame on me.

他企圖把責(zé)任推給我。

blame v. 責(zé)備；指責(zé)；把……歸咎于

搭配：

（1） blame sb for sth/doing sth 為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.

許多孩子害怕講英語時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤而受責(zé)備。

He blamed his teachers for his failure.

他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。

（2） blame sth on sb 把某事歸咎于某人

The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving.

警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。

It’s no use blaming our defeat on him.

把我們的失敗歸罪在他頭上是沒用的。

（3） be to blame （for sth） （對(duì)壞事）負(fù)有責(zé)任

注意：此處不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

The children were not to blame for the accident.

那次事故怪不著孩子們。

He is more to blame than you.

是他更應(yīng)受責(zé)備，而不是你。

Who is to blame for starting the fire？

這場火災(zāi)該由誰負(fù)責(zé)？

5. leave for 出發(fā)去某地

（1）“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”

Next Friday， Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。

Only two weeks ago he left for the front.

兩星期前，他剛剛出發(fā)到前線去。

（2）“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地去某地”

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing？

你為什么要離開上海去北京？

6. lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向，通往

All roads lead to Rome.

條條道路通羅馬。

Under given conditions， a bad thing can lead to good results.

在一定條件下，一件壞事可以導(dǎo)致好的結(jié)果。

An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.

一場普通的感冒很快便會(huì)引起高燒。

辨析：

比較lead to 和result in

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.

This investment program will lead to the creation of new jobs.

從以上句子可以看到，lead to的主語（即引起事情發(fā)生的主動(dòng)方）多是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的動(dòng)作或計(jì)劃，其賓語（即被引起的事情）無嚴(yán)格的消極與積極之分，而且多用于描述客觀的可能性和對(duì)未來的預(yù)測。

An accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

These policies resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.

從以上句子可以看到，result in的主語多是靜態(tài)、客觀的一件事或物，其賓語通常是不良或消極的結(jié)果，而且多用于描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事件。

7. take up 從事，開始做（某項(xiàng)工作）

After he retired from office， Rogers took up painting for a while， but soon lost interest.

羅杰斯退休以后開始畫畫，但沒多久就沒興趣了。

He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.

他開始學(xué)習(xí)英語之前已經(jīng)學(xué)一年半日語了。

We took up physical chemistry at college.

在大學(xué)我們選學(xué)了物理化學(xué)課。

The scientist has taken up a new subject.

這位科學(xué)家開始研究一個(gè)新的課題。

（1） take up （time/space） 占用（時(shí)間）/占據(jù)（空間）

That big table takes up too much room.

那張大桌子占的地方太大了。

Learning English takes up a lot of my time.

學(xué)英語占了我許多時(shí)間。

That boy took my time up with his questions.

那個(gè)男孩的問題浪費(fèi)了我的時(shí)間。

（2） take up 繼續(xù)；接著講

We took up our journey the next day.

第二天我們繼續(xù)趕路。

This chapter takes up where the last one left off.

本章繼續(xù)上一章談到的內(nèi)容。

（3） take up 接納（乘客等）；接受（挑戰(zhàn)、建議、條件等）

The bus stopped to take up passengers.

公共汽車停下來讓乘客上車。

He has taken up the bet.

他已接受打賭的條件。

（4） take up 提出（商討），討論

There’s another matter which we ought to take up.

還有一件事我們要提出來商量。

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

Most people have heard of Shakespeare and probably know something of the plays that he wrote. However， not everybody knows much about the life of this outstanding man， except perhaps that he was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon and that he married a woman called Anne Hathaway. We know nothing of his school life. We do not know， for example， how long it lasted， but we presume （推測） that he attended the local grammar school， where the main subject taught was Latin.

Nothing certain is known of what he did between the time he left school and his departure for London. According to a local legend， he was beaten and even put in prison for stealing rabbits and deer from the estate of a neighboring landowner， Sir Thomas Lucy. It is said that because of this he was forced to run away from his native place. A different legend says that he was apprenticed （做學(xué)徒） to a Stratford butcher， but did not like the life and for this reason decided to leave Stratford.

Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth， the world can be grateful that he did so. What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in London. It is said that at first he was without money or friends there， but that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre. In time， as he became a familiar figure to the actors in the theatre， they stopped and spoke to him. They found his conversations so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company.

1. In the early life of Shakespeare， he ___ .

A. studied Latin B. lived in Stratford

C. was put in prisonD. attended a public school

2. Why did he leave his native place according to Paragraph 2？

A. He wanted to be apprenticed.

B. He didn’t want to go to school.

C. He had stolen deer and was beaten.

D. He left for London to become famous.

3. The world can be grateful that shakespeare left his birth place because ___ .

A. he was able to act in many good plays

B. his birth place was bad for his development

C. London became more famous and important

D. he did so to get the chance to write many world-famous plays

4. What should be the best title for the passage？

A. Shakespeare’s Role in Performance

B. The Early Life of Shakespeare

C. Shakespeare’s life in London

D. Shakespeare’s Later Life

完形填空

My first job was at a local restaurant. I worked there for seven years and learned so many lessons， especially from a fellow 1 .

Helen had extraordinary self-confidence， something I was really 2 . I looked up to Helen 3 she was doing what she loved— 4 people better. She always made everyone， customers and co-workers， 5 and feel good.

Being a waitress changed my life. One of my 6 customers was Fred Hasbrook. He always ate an omelet， and when I saw him

7 ， I tried to have it on his table as soon as he sat down.

Thanks to the newfound confidence I 8 from Helen， I dreamed of having my own 9 . But when I called my parents to ask for a loan （貸款）， they said， “We just don’t have the 10 .”

The next day， Fred saw me and asked， “What’s up？ You’re not smiling today.” I 11 my dream with him and said， “Fred， I know I can do more if somebody would just have faith in me.”

Before long he handed me checks 12 $50，000—along with a note that read， “The only collateral （抵押品） on this loan is my trust in your 13 as a person. Good people with a dream should have the 14 to realize that dream.”

I took the checks to Merrill Lynch， where the money was provided for me. I 15 working at the restaurant， making 16 for the restaurant I would open. My plans failed， though， and I 17 the money.

Later I decided to apply for a job at Merrill Lynch. Even though I had no experience， I was 18 and ended up becoming a pretty good agent. 19 I paid back Fred the $50，000， plus 14-percent annual interest. Five years later， I was able to 20 my own firm.

1. A. friendB. waitressC. citizenD. customer

2. A. losingB. earningC. expectingD. lacking

3. A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. unless

4. A. helpingB. managingC. servingD. employing

5. A. workB. eatC. smileD. speak

6. A. regularB. favoriteC. respectedD. fresh

7. A. eatingB. greetingC. walkingD. coming

8. A. found outB. picked upC. got backD. took away

9. A. restaurantB. confidenceC. houseD. inspiration

10. A. choiceB. wayC. ideaD. money

11. A. exchangedB. discussedC. sharedD. explained

12. A. countingB. totalingC. addingD. valuing

13. A. abilityB. honestyC. responsibilityD. identity

14. A. patienceB. timeC. luckD. chance

15. A. lovedB. practicedC. continuedD. enjoyed

16. A. adjustmentsB. plansC. decisionsD. suggestions

17. A. madeB. forgotC. lostD. borrowed

18. A. hiredB. allowedC. encouragedD. determined

19. A. FortunatelyB. ExcitedlyC. PersonallyD. Eventually

20. A. openB. designC. realizeD. expand

閱讀填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

James is a good student and he has lots of friends， 1 he also has a problem. Some older boys are bullying （欺負(fù)） him at school. James is very unhappy and he 2 know what to do about it. Here are some 3 （suggest） to him and other teenagers in this situation.

Don’t feel 4 （worry）. It’s not your fault！ Being bullied can make you feel very lonely and angry， but you are not 5 （lone）. Don’t feel that you have to hide the problem. You should find a person you can trust， and tell him.

6 （Speak） to an adult might make you nervous， but here are other things you can do. Some people express their feelings more 7 （easy） on paper. Write a letter to someone or keep a diary.

You can use it as proof （證明） to show what is going on. And it is a wonderful idea 8 （show） your letter or diary to a teacher or another responsible adult.

Also， don’t show you are sad and don’t try and fight 9 the bullies （欺凌弱小者）. You could get in trouble 10 （you）.

Ignore them and just walk away. The bullies will soon stop.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

閱讀理解

The works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth are boosters （助推器） to the brain and better than some guide books， researchers say this week.

Scientists， psychologists and English experts at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of Shakespeare and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind， catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self-reflection. Using scanners （掃描儀器）， they monitored the brain activity of volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare， William Wordsworth， T.S. Eliot and other classical writers.

They then “translated” the original texts into more “straightforward”， modern language and again monitored the readers’ brains as they read the words. Scans showed that the more “challenging” essays and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the much plainer versions. Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it “l(fā)it up” as the readers encountered unusual words， surprising phrases or difficult sentence structure. This “l(fā)ighting up” of the mind lasts longer， shifting （轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)） the brain to a higher speed， encouraging further reading.

The research also found that reading poetry， in particular， increases activity in the right side of the brain， helping readers to reflect on their own experiences， which they compare with what they have read. This， according to the researchers， meant that the classic works were more useful than guide books.

Philip Davis， an English professor believes “The research shows the power of literature to shift thinking patterns， to create new thoughts， shapes and connections in the young and adults alike.”

1. According to the text， reading classical works can ___ .

A. improve our reading skills

B. benefit our mind and thinking

C. help learn more about history

D. help deal with physical problems

2. The scientists and experts did the experiment by ___ .

A. learning the habits of the readers

B. reading works of different writers

C. scanning the readers’ brain activities

D. lighting up the activities of the brains

3. What can we learn about reading poetry from Paragraph 4？

A. It has the same effects as reading guide books.

B. It’s concerned with the right side of the brain.

C. It helps readers learn more difficult grammar.

D. It makes readers forget about their troubles.

4. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text？

A. To present a study on brain activities.

B. To show the power of classical literature.

C. To introduce a research on reading classics.

D. To introduce some great writers in England.

閱讀選擇

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10，000 years ago. 1

The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 2 So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.

Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco， probably none. 3 However， a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat， which had much less fat than domestic （家養(yǎng)的） ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products， and they made very little use of grains. 4 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.

5 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did， cutting the amount of fatty， salty and sweet food.

A. Stone Age people lived a simple life.

B. But today， we enjoy eating a lot of these.

C. In that case， they would live much healthier.

D. Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.

E. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.

F. Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”.

G. People today probably don’t want to live like our ancestors.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

短文改錯(cuò)

Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in a water hole about five meter outside a bar. Allen was stopped curiously. All people passing the man who was fishing regarded him like a foolish man. Allen’s heart went out of him. He said kindly to fish-catcher， “Hello， will you please do me a favor but have a drink with me in the bar？” The man gladly accepted her invitation. After buying the man several cups of soft-drinks， Allen asked， “You are fishing there， right？ May I know how much fish you have caught this morning？” “You are the number 8，” said the man humorous.