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中考英語定語從句考點(diǎn)解析

2015-05-22 01:04劉穎陳永濤
關(guān)鍵詞:先行代詞定語

劉穎+陳永濤

定語從句歷來是中考英語的熱門考點(diǎn)。怎么考?考什么?縱觀歷屆中考英語試題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn):中考英語對(duì)這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查保持了連貫性和一致性,考點(diǎn)覆蓋面廣,特別是以選擇題的形式考查定語從句已成為中考的一大亮點(diǎn)。針對(duì)這一情況,下面將對(duì)各地中考英語試題中的定語從句考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),并進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的分析,旨在幫助同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)掌握一些解題技巧,正確地把握其命題方向,自如地應(yīng)對(duì)中考。

一、考查關(guān)系代詞that/ who/ whom/ which/ whose。

1. —What do you think of the school uniforms?

—Very good. l like clothes _____ make me feel comfortable. (西安)

A. that ?; ?; ?; B. what

C. who

【解析】正確答案為A??疾槎ㄕZ從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。句意為:“你覺得校服怎么樣呀?”“很好,我喜歡讓我穿著舒服的衣服?!痹擃}中,定語從句的先行詞clothes是物,在定語從句中做主語。因此定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which / that,故選A。

2. The teachers _____ came for a visit are foreigners. (石家莊)

A. who ?; ?; B. whom

C. whose ?; ?; D. which

【解析】正確答案為A??疾槎ㄕZ從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。who指人,在定語從句中做主語或賓語;whom指人,在定語從句中只做賓語;whose意思為“誰的”,既指人又指物,在定語從句中只做定語;which指物,在定語從句中做主語或賓語。該題先行詞The teachers是人,且在定語從句中做主語,所以用who引導(dǎo)。

3. The photos successfully show the rich culture _____ makes Beijing so famous. (廣州)

A. what ?; ?; B. which

C. who ?; ?; D. why

【解析】正確答案為B??疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞需根據(jù)先行詞來判斷。定語從句的先行詞為物時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞which/ that;先行詞為人時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞who/ that。此題定語從句修飾先行詞the rich culture, 先行詞the rich culture為物,且在定語從句中做主語,因此選which。

二、考查關(guān)系副詞when/ where/ why。

1. Ill never forget the day _____ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech. (西安)

A. that ?; ?; B. which

C. when ?; ?; ?; D. where

【解析】正確答案為C??疾槎ㄕZ從句關(guān)系副詞when的用法。該句意思是“我從來不會(huì)忘記這位偉大的科學(xué)家來我們學(xué)校給我們做講演的那一天”。定語從句是“... the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech”,從句中有主語、謂語和賓語,可判斷先行詞the day 在從句中做時(shí)間狀語。關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句通常做從句的時(shí)間狀語。關(guān)系代詞that和which通常在定語從句中做主語或賓語;關(guān)系副詞where通常在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。故選C。

2. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village _____ his family lived ten years ago. (南京)

A. when ?; ?; B. which

C. where ?; ?; ?; D. that

【解析】正確答案為C。考查定語從句關(guān)系副詞where的用法。該復(fù)合句中,定語從句是“... his family lived ten years ago”。從句屬于典型的“主語+謂語”的結(jié)構(gòu)(lived為不及物動(dòng)詞,后不接賓語),ten years ago為時(shí)間狀語??膳袛嘞刃性~the village在該定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。關(guān)系副詞where通常在定語從句做地點(diǎn)狀語。故選C。

三、考查只用that不用which的情況。

1. —Now many people smoke and get ill.

—So we should do something _____ can help stop smoking. (廣西玉林)

A. what ?; ?; B. who

C. / ?; ?; D. that

【解析】正確答案為D。本題考查定語從句只用關(guān)系代詞that不用which的情況。定語從句是“... can help stop smoking”,先行詞是something。在定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞為something,anything, nothing, none, little, much, all等不定代詞時(shí),定語從句用關(guān)系代詞that來引導(dǎo)。

2. The Palace Museum is the best place _____ Ive ever visited. (湖北十堰)

A. that ?; ?; ?; B. which

C. where ?; ?; ?; D. what

【解析】正確答案為A。本題考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的選擇。定語從句是“... Ive ever visited”,很明顯動(dòng)詞visited缺少賓語,先行詞place在定語從句中作賓語。關(guān)系代詞可選which或that。同時(shí),我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)先行詞place被最高級(jí)the best修飾。在定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),定語從句用關(guān)系代詞that來引導(dǎo),而不用which,所以只能用關(guān)系代詞that。

小結(jié):一般來說,在以下幾種情況下,定語從句引導(dǎo)詞只用that不用which。

(1) 當(dāng)先行詞為something,anything,all,little,much,few,none等不定代詞時(shí);

(2) 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);

(3) 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí);

(4) 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí);

(5) 當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,any,much,little,few,no等修飾時(shí),例如:Here is no book that you would like to read.

(6) 當(dāng)主句是由which或who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí),例如:Whos the man that is smoking at the school gate?/ Which of the novels that you recommended just now was written by Mo Yan?

(7) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語,例如:He is not the man that he used to be.

(8) 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is ... that ...”中,例如:It is in this park that he met his uncle the day before yesterday.

四、考查只用who不用that的情況。

Success will belong to those _____ never say “impossible”. (鄭州)

A. whom ?; ?; ?; B. what

C. who ?; ?; ?; D. which

【解析】正確答案為C。本題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞只用who不用that的情況。在定語從句中,先行詞是those,they,all,persons,people,he,she,anyone,one時(shí),定語從句用關(guān)系代詞who來引導(dǎo),不用that。故選C。

五、考查只用which不用that的情況。

The house _____ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. (呼和浩特)

A. which ?; ?; B. that

C. in which ?; ?; D. there

【解析】正確答案為C??疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞只用which不用that的情況。句意為“魯迅過去住的房子現(xiàn)在成了博物館”。“… Lu Xun used to live”是定語從句,觀察該句子,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該句子缺少地點(diǎn)狀語。由于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,故關(guān)系代詞which和that不適合,而there不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,故用in which。該句原句為The house which Lu Xun used to live in is now a museum.。將介詞in提前到關(guān)系代詞之前,變?yōu)門he house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.。顯然,此題考查的是在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,只能使用關(guān)系代詞which,不能使用that的情況。

小結(jié):概括而言,定語從句引導(dǎo)詞只用which,不用that的情況有以下幾種。

(1) 介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前形成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來修飾表示事物的先行詞時(shí);

(2) 先行詞為“those+表示事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí),如:Students should read those books which can help them get great grades.

(3) 在非限制性定語從句中只能使用關(guān)系代詞which,不能使用關(guān)系詞that,如:He changed his mind, which made me angry.

六、先行詞與定語從句隔離情況下,引導(dǎo)詞的考查。

1. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _____ are often visited by foreigners is the Slender West Lake. (揚(yáng)州)

A. what ?; B. who

C. that ?; ?; C. /

【解析】正確答案為C。本題側(cè)重于先行詞與定語從句隔離情況下,引導(dǎo)詞的考查。根據(jù)句意:在揚(yáng)州,瘦西湖是外國旅游者經(jīng)常參觀的最讓人感興趣的地方之一?!?.. are often visited by foreigners”為定語從句,修飾先行詞places,且先行詞places有形容詞最高級(jí)the most interesting修飾,故選C。此題最大的特點(diǎn)是,in Yangzhou將先行詞places與定語從句隔離開來。解題的關(guān)鍵是找準(zhǔn)先行詞places。

2. —Is there anyone here _____ name is Betty?

—Sorry, l dont know. (太原)

A. who ?; ?; B. which

C. whom ?; ?; D. whose

【解析】正確答案為D。本題側(cè)重于先行詞與定語從句隔離情況下,引導(dǎo)詞的考查。here將先行詞anyone與定語從句隔離。先行詞anyone是人,在定語從句中做name的定語,所以選關(guān)系代詞whose。

七、考查引導(dǎo)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞的綜合運(yùn)用。

1. —Do you enjoy My Heart Will Go On?

—No, l prefer songs _____ loud. (南京)

A. that is ?; ?; B. which is

C. that are ?; ?; D. what are

【解析】正確答案為C。本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,又考查定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞。先行詞songs是物,定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以選擇that或which同時(shí)指代先行詞songs的引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語,songs為復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)主謂一致原則,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。綜合以上情況,應(yīng)選that are。

2. Lily doesnt know _____ she and her friends can do to help the little boy _____ parents have left their hometown for making money. (蘭州)

A. that; whose ?; ?; B. how; who

C. what; who ?; ?; D. what; whose

【解析】正確答案為D。考查賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞和定語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞。句意:Lily不知道她和她的朋友能做什么來幫助這個(gè)父母離開家鄉(xiāng)去賺錢的小男孩。該句由know可知“... she and her friends can do to help the little boy _____ parents have left their hometown for making money”是賓語從句。其中,動(dòng)詞do后缺少賓語,根據(jù)句意,第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填what;在由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中又包含了定語從句“the little boy _____ parents have left their hometown for making money”,其先行詞為the little boy, 且在從句中限定修飾parents,應(yīng)選whose。

3. I like the cartoon _____ has a happy ending and makes me _____. (張家口)

A. which; to laugh B. that; to laugh

C. whose; laughing D. which; laugh

【解析】正確答案為D??疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我喜歡有完滿結(jié)局的和讓我發(fā)笑的卡通片。先行詞the cartoon是物,故定語從句用關(guān)系代詞that或which;再由make sb. do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu),第二空選laugh。

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