肖 楠, 趙 華, 殷 莉, 靳 鐳
GnRHR-Ⅱ在人類子宮內(nèi)膜的表達*
肖 楠, 趙 華, 殷 莉△, 靳 鐳△
華中科技大學同濟醫(yī)學院附屬同濟醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學中心,武漢430030
目的 探討促性腺激素釋放激素Ⅱ型受體(GnRHR-Ⅱ)在子宮內(nèi)膜的分布及表達變化規(guī)律,分析GnRHR-Ⅱ與子宮內(nèi)膜容受性的關系。方法 通過診斷性刮宮技術,獲取106名因“輸卵管因素不孕”入院行宮腹腔鏡手術的正常月經(jīng)周期患者的子宮內(nèi)膜組織,其中增生期形態(tài)子宮內(nèi)膜54例,分泌期形態(tài)子宮內(nèi)膜52例。采用免疫組化SP染色法,分別檢測增生期、分泌期內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞及腺上皮中GnRHR-Ⅱ的表達。根據(jù)表達強度及陽性率進行量化評分(HSCORE),采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計分析軟件對各組差異進行獨立樣本t檢驗。結果 無論增生期還是分泌期,子宮內(nèi)膜上均可見GnRHR-Ⅱ表達。增生期內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞GnRHR-Ⅱ表達量明顯高于腺上皮,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。分泌期腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表達量明顯高于基質(zhì)細胞,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。增生期內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞GnRHR-Ⅱ表達量明顯高于分泌期內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。分泌期腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表達量明顯高于增生期腺上皮,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。結論 GnRHR-Ⅱ的分布及表達變化規(guī)律與子宮內(nèi)膜為適應胚胎著床發(fā)生的形態(tài)、生理生化改變相一致,證實在一定范圍內(nèi)GnRHR-Ⅱ與子宮內(nèi)膜對胚胎的容受性密切相關。
促性腺激素釋放激素Ⅱ型受體; 子宮內(nèi)膜增生期; 子宮內(nèi)膜分泌期; 內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞; 內(nèi)膜腺上皮;子宮內(nèi)膜容受性
促性腺激素釋放激素(Gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)由下丘腦分泌,調(diào)節(jié)促性腺激素(Gonadotropin,Gn)的合成與釋放,后者可促進類固醇激素的產(chǎn)生及配子形成。當前,隨著分子生物學技術的不斷進步,人類在下丘腦外組織中亦發(fā)現(xiàn)GnRH的存在,如卵巢、睪丸、胎盤、子宮肌層及子宮內(nèi)膜[1-5]。無論是下丘腦GnRH或是下丘腦外組織中的GnRH,其免疫活性及生物活性相近。迄今為止,在人類基因組中共發(fā)現(xiàn)2種GnRH:GnRH-Ⅰ和GnRH-Ⅱ,其中GnRH-Ⅱ最為常見,在腦干、腎臟及子宮內(nèi)膜均有表達[6]。根據(jù)GnRH與不同亞型受體結合的高度特異性,可將其受體分為2類: GnRHR-I和GnRHR-Ⅱ。與GnRH-Ⅰ相比,Gn-RH-Ⅱ?qū)κ荏wGnRHR-Ⅱ的選擇敏感性是前者的421倍[7]。本文旨在通過對增生期、分泌期子宮內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞、腺上皮中GnRHR-Ⅱ的分布及表達變化規(guī)律的研究,證明在一定范圍內(nèi),GnRHR-Ⅱ與子宮內(nèi)膜容受性呈正相關。
1.1 研究對象
選取2013年1月~2014年6月就診于華中科技大學同濟醫(yī)學院附屬同濟醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學中心、因“輸卵管因素”不孕行宮腹腔鏡手術的患者106名,診刮獲取患者內(nèi)膜組織,并將其分為:增生期形態(tài)子宮內(nèi)膜(54例)和分泌期形態(tài)子宮內(nèi)膜(52例)。研究對象的納入標準:①年齡20~35歲;②月經(jīng)周期正常;③術前3個月未服用任何藥物,特別是類固醇激素;④無宮腔操作史;⑤無內(nèi)分泌、結核等疾病病史。
1.2 觀察指標及檢測方法
采用免疫組化SP染色法檢測GnRHR-Ⅱ的表達。GnRHR-Ⅱ多克隆抗體購于美國Proteintech公司,按1∶100濃度進行稀釋。操作方法參考SP試劑盒說明書。磷酸鹽緩沖溶液(PBS)取代一抗作陰性對照,子宮內(nèi)膜癌標本作陽性對照。
1.3 結果判定標準
采用組織化學評分法(histochemical score,HSCORE)進行評分[8]。以胞膜及胞質(zhì)著色為陽性染色,按染色程度計分:未染色=0分,著色淺、淡黃色=1分,中等程度著色、深黃色=2分,著色深、棕色=3分。光鏡下觀察,每一張玻片選取5個400倍視野,每一視野數(shù)100個細胞,分別計算每一染色程度細胞所占百分比,從0到100%,用Pi表示。HSCORE=∑Pi(i+1)??紤]到這一評分法有一定程度的主觀性,因此每一張玻片均由3名研究人員進行評估,記錄分數(shù)并取均值作為最終得分。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 17.0軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計學分析。數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標準差(ˉx±s)表示,采用獨立樣本t檢驗進行統(tǒng)計處理,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 兩組患者一般情況比較
兩組患者的年齡、體重指數(shù)(BMI)、月經(jīng)周期、D3卵泡刺激素(follicular stimulating hormone,F(xiàn)SH)、D3雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)、D3內(nèi)膜厚度及D3竇卵泡數(shù)(antral follicle counts,AFC)相比,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(均P>0.05),見表1。
表1 子宮內(nèi)膜分別處于增生期、分泌期的兩組患者一般情況比較(ˉx±s)Table1 Comparison of general data between two groups with endometrium in the proliferative or secretory phase(ˉx±s)
2.2 免疫組化技術檢測增生期、分泌期子宮內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞及腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ的表達
抗體與GnRHR-Ⅱ的免疫陽性反應顯示為棕黃色細顆粒狀物。無論增生期還是分泌期,子宮內(nèi)膜上均可見GnRHR-Ⅱ表達(圖1)。其中,增生期內(nèi)膜棕黃色細顆粒狀物主要集中于基質(zhì)細胞的胞膜和胞質(zhì)(圖1A);而腺上皮胞膜,特別是近腔面也可見一定程度的免疫陽性反應(圖1B)。分泌期內(nèi)膜陽性反應物主要聚集于腺上皮的胞膜和胞質(zhì)(圖1C),基質(zhì)細胞胞質(zhì)內(nèi)可見少量免疫陽性反應物(圖1D)。
2.3 增生期、分泌期子宮內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)及腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表達的HSCORE評分
增生期,GnRHR-Ⅱ主要分布于基質(zhì)細胞,基質(zhì)細胞GnRHR-Ⅱ表達明顯高于腺上皮,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。分泌期,GnRHR-Ⅱ主要分布于腺上皮,基質(zhì)細胞也可見少量免疫陽性反應,腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表達明顯高于基質(zhì)細胞,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。當月經(jīng)周期由增生期逐漸向分泌期過渡時,內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞上GnRHR-Ⅱ的表達也逐漸減少,增生期內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞GnRHR-Ⅱ表達明顯高于分泌期內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。當月經(jīng)周期由增生期逐漸向分泌期過渡時,腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ的表達逐漸增多,分泌期腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表達量明顯高于增生期腺上皮,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。見表2。
圖1 免疫組化SP法檢測增生期、分泌期子宮內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)及腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ的表達Fig.1 Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin stromal cells and glandular cells of endometrium in proliferative and secretory phase
表2 增生期、分泌期子宮內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)及腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表達的HSCORE評分(ˉx±s)Table2 HSCORE scoring for the expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin stromal and glandular cells of endometrium in proliferative and secretory phase(ˉx±s)
1998年,Raga等[9]首次證實,育齡女性月經(jīng)周期任一階段的子宮內(nèi)膜上均有GnRH和GnRHR的mRNA表達。同年,Dong等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn),人類子宮內(nèi)膜組織可表達GnRH前體基因。1999年,Borroni等[11]在異位的子宮內(nèi)膜組織中發(fā)現(xiàn)了GnRHR的表達。2001年,Cheon等[12]第一次提出,人類子宮內(nèi)膜GnRH-Ⅱ的定位及定量表達是呈月經(jīng)周期依賴性的。與分泌早中期相比,增生期及分泌晚期GnRH-Ⅱ表達總量降低,提示GnRH-Ⅱ的表達與胚胎著床窗的開啟和關閉密切相關。子宮內(nèi)膜由增生期向分泌期過渡時發(fā)生如下生理變化:增生期內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細胞可在雌激素作用下產(chǎn)生酸性粘多糖,為胚胎著床提供內(nèi)膜支架;分泌期內(nèi)膜腺上皮可在孕激素作用下逐漸增大,腺體開口面向?qū)m腔,糖原等物質(zhì)大量溢出,為胚胎著床提供營養(yǎng)。本研究利用免疫組化SP染色法,對GnRHR-Ⅱ進行定位及半定量檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)增生期GnRHR-Ⅱ主要集中于基質(zhì)細胞,而分泌期GnRHR-Ⅱ主要集中于腺上皮,這與子宮內(nèi)膜為適應胚胎著床發(fā)生的形態(tài)、生理、生化改變一致,提示GnRHR-Ⅱ可能與子宮內(nèi)膜容受性呈正相關。
那么,我們是否可以推測,與GnRHR-Ⅱ特異性結合的GnRH-Ⅱ也與子宮內(nèi)膜容受性呈正相關?Schmidt等[13]提出,同一患者接受IVF-ET治療,新鮮采卵周期妊娠率較凍融復蘇周期低。作者認為,此現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),一方面與超促排卵過程中雌激素顯著升高、孕激素提前升高、雌/孕激素比例異常等因素可降低子宮內(nèi)膜容受性,縮短著床窗開放時間,降低妊娠率有關;另一方面,也可能與促性腺激素釋放激素激動劑(GnRHa)對子宮內(nèi)膜的直接抑制作用有關。需要指出的是,GnRHa是近年來廣泛應用于超促排卵長方案的降調(diào)藥物,是天然GnRH類似物,與GnRH相比,其半衰期長,與受體親和力強。小劑量GnRHa可對垂體產(chǎn)生興奮作用。大劑量連續(xù)應用GnRHa,可使垂體GnRHR這一G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體的胞質(zhì)內(nèi)部分自動磷酸化,受體亞單位脫偶聯(lián),受體內(nèi)流,從而發(fā)揮GnRHa的“降調(diào)”功能,抑制黃體(LH)峰提前出現(xiàn),并在一定程度上損害黃體功能,降低子宮內(nèi)膜容受性。那么,GnRH-Ⅱ?qū)ψ訉m內(nèi)膜容受性的影響,是否與其類似物對垂體的影響一樣,在一定范圍內(nèi)呈劑量正相關,超過這一范圍,則起到相反作用?是否可以將GnRHR-Ⅱ作為判斷子宮內(nèi)膜容受性的標記物?仍需進一步探討。
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(2015-01-28 收稿)
Expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin Human Endometria
Xiao Nan,Zhao Hua,Yin Li△et al
Reproductive Medicine Center,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China
Objective To investigate the distribution and expression variation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-Ⅱ(GnRHR-Ⅱ)in human endometria,and to evaluate the relationship between GnRHR-Ⅱand endometrial receptivity.Methods Endometrial tissues were obtained by diagnostic curettage from 106patients who had normal menstration cycle and underwent hysteroscopy and laparoscopy due to tubal factor infertility.There were 54cases of proliferative endometria and 52cases of secretory endometria.The expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin proliferative endometrial stromal cells,proliferative endometrial glandular epithelia,secretory endometrial stromal cells and secretory glanduar epithelia was detected by immunohistochemical staining(SP method).The results were quantitatively scored according to the intensity and positive rate of the expression.Independent samples t-test was carried out by using SPSS 17.0. Results GnRHR-Ⅱwas expressed in endometrial tissues in both proliferative phase and secretory phase.During the proliferative phase,GnRHR-Ⅱwas mainly distributed in stromal cells.The expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin stromal cells was significantly higher than that in glandular cells in the proliferative phase with difference being statistically significant(P<0.01).In the secretory phase,GnRHR-Ⅱwas mainly distributed in the glandular epithelia.The expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin glandular cells was significantly higher than in that of stromal cells.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Endometrial tissues had a significantly higher expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin stromal cells in proliferative phase than in secretory phase(P<0.01).By contrast,GnRHR-Ⅱwas profoundly increased in glandular cells in secretory phase when compared with those in proliferative phase.Conclusion The change pattern of the distribution and expression of GnRHR-Ⅱwas consistent with the changes of morphology,physiology and biochemistry of the endometrial tissues to fit embryo implantation,which suggested that GnRHR-Ⅱis closely associated with the endometrial receptivity.
gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-Ⅱ(GnRHR-Ⅱ); endometrium in proliferative phase; endometrium in secretory phase; stromal cells of endometrium; glandular epithelium of endometrium; endometrial receptivity
R711.6
10.3870/j.issn.1672-0741.2015.03.014
*華中科技大學自主創(chuàng)新基金資助項目(No.2014ZHYX008)
肖 楠,女,1985年生,博士研究生,E-mail:314784810@qq.com
△通訊作者,Corresponding author,E-mail:colei@sina.com(殷莉),ljin@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn(靳鐳)