王艷紅,田繼華,蘇曉樂,喬 晞,李榮山
(1.山西醫(yī)科大學微生物學與免疫學教研室, 2.山西醫(yī)科大學第二醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,3.山西省人民醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,山西省腎臟病研究所,山西 太原 030001)
中介素對缺氧/復氧大鼠腎小管上皮細胞增殖作用及細胞周期的影響及其機制
王艷紅1,田繼華1,蘇曉樂2,喬 晞2,李榮山3
(1.山西醫(yī)科大學微生物學與免疫學教研室, 2.山西醫(yī)科大學第二醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,3.山西省人民醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,山西省腎臟病研究所,山西 太原 030001)
目的 探討中介素(intermedin,IMD)對大鼠近端腎小管上皮細胞NRK-52E缺氧/復氧(H/R)后細胞增殖、細胞周期的影響。方法 NRK-52E細胞隨機分為對照組,模型組:缺氧/復氧組(H/R)、H/R+空質(zhì)粒組、H/R+IMD質(zhì)粒組。MTT法檢測細胞增殖,比色法檢測培養(yǎng)基上清LDH含量,流式細胞術(shù)檢測細胞周期,Real time-PCR法和Western blot法檢測cyclin D1、CDK、p57 mRNA及蛋白表達,間接免疫熒光染色檢測cyclin D1亞細胞定位。結(jié)果 ①與對照組相比,H/R組培養(yǎng)基中LDH含量升高了106%,同時細胞存活率明顯下降,與H/R組比較,H/R+IMD組培養(yǎng)基中LDH含量下降了33.85%(P<0.01),而細胞存活率增高(79.15%±1.42%vs61.22%±1.63%,P<0.05),②細胞周期結(jié)果顯示,與對照組相比,H/R組細胞G0/G1期比例增加,S期細胞比例降低(P<0.05);與H/R組比較,H/R+IMD組G0/G1期細胞比例明顯降低,而S及G2期細胞比例增加(P<0.05)。③H/R可增加cyclin D1、CDK4及p57的表達也增加(與對照組比較,P<0.05);而IMD可進一步上調(diào)cyclin D1、CDK4的表達,同時下調(diào)p57的表達,與對照組及H/R組相比差異具有顯著性(P<0.05)。④免疫熒光檢測結(jié)果可見,cyclin D1呈紅色熒光,在NRK-52E細胞內(nèi)主要表達在細胞核中。結(jié)論 IMD可以上調(diào)cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白表達,下調(diào)p57的表達,促進細胞周期進展,從而加速腎組織IRI后細胞增殖和修復。
中介素;缺氧/復氧損傷;腎小管上皮細胞;細胞增殖;細胞周期;細胞周期蛋白
急性腎衰竭(acute renal failure,ARF)在臨床上的發(fā)生率非常高,而腎臟缺血/再灌注損傷(ischemia reperfusion injury,IRI)是其主要原因[1],研究表明,缺血性ARF的預后不僅取決于損傷的嚴重程度,而且取決于損傷后腎臟修復和再生情況,減輕急性期損傷和促進腎組織再生的因素均能改善缺血性ARF的預后[2]。本研究組前期研究證實,中介素(Intermedin,IMD)主要通過抑制氧化應激進而明顯減輕腎臟IRI急性期損傷[3]。但其是否可以促進腎臟IRI后的腎小管上皮細胞再生、修復及細胞周期的影響目前尚未見報道,本研究利用大鼠腎小管上皮細胞H/R模型,通過檢測IMD對腎小管上皮細胞H/R后細胞增殖、細胞周期的影響以及對周期蛋白cyclin的調(diào)節(jié),從而探討IMD促進腎臟IRI后細胞修復和再生的機制,為IMD應用于腎臟IRI的治療提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1 材料大鼠腎小管上皮細胞NRK-52E(上海細胞庫),穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染PIRES2-EGFP/IMD及PIRES2-EGFP空質(zhì)粒的NRK-52E細胞(本室制備)[4],細胞周期檢測試劑盒( 南京凱基),MTT( 北京索萊寶),LDH檢測試劑盒( 南京建成),兔抗鼠cyclin D1、CDK、p57、β-actin多抗(美國Santa),羊抗兔IgG(美國Santa)。
1.2 細胞分組NRK-52E分為對照組及模型組。對照組細胞常規(guī)培養(yǎng);模型組分為:缺氧/復氧組(H/R組)??召|(zhì)粒組(H/R+PIRES2)、IMD質(zhì)粒組(H/R+IMD)。NRK-52E 細胞H/R模型的制備參照文獻[5]方法進行改良,將已傳代2~3次融合度達80%的細胞換用無血清DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基24 h后細胞進入靜止期,預先將無氧液中持續(xù)通入高純度N230 min,達到N2飽和。棄去細胞培養(yǎng)基,PBS洗2次后加入無氧液,將細胞置入培養(yǎng)條件為37℃,95%N2+5%CO2(V/V)的培養(yǎng)箱中,進行缺氧培養(yǎng)1h,取出細胞,PBS洗滌,加入完全DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基,置入調(diào)整為37℃,95%空氣+5% CO2的培養(yǎng)箱中進行復氧培養(yǎng),復氧2 h后,收集細胞及培養(yǎng)液上清[4]。
1.3 實驗方法
1.3.1 細胞增殖指標 比色法檢測培養(yǎng)基上清中乳酸脫氫酶(LDH),流式細胞術(shù)檢測細胞周期,MTT法檢測細胞增殖,嚴格按試劑盒說明操作。
1.3.2 Realtime PCR檢測cyclin D1、CDK4、p57 mRNA表達 收集細胞,TRIzol法提取總RNA,反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,引物序列見Tab 1,應用SYBR Green PCR matter mix,反應條件為95℃, 10 min,95℃, 15 s,60℃, 30 s,40個循環(huán),分析溶解曲線并計算相對濃度。
Tab 1 Sequences of primers and cycle parameter for real-time PCR
1.3.3 Western blot檢測cyclin D1、CDK4、p57蛋白表達 收集細胞加入蛋白質(zhì)抽提試劑提取蛋白質(zhì),12%的聚丙烯酰胺凝膠進行電泳,電泳結(jié)束后轉(zhuǎn)印至NC膜上。用含有5%脫脂奶粉的TBST室溫封閉1 h,加入一抗cyclin D1(1 ∶500)、CDK4(1 ∶500)、p57(1 ∶1 000),于4℃孵育過夜, TBST洗膜10 min×3次,二抗(1 ∶500)室溫孵育1 h,TBST洗膜10 min×3次,用ECL化學發(fā)光法顯色,以β-actin為內(nèi)參,應用Quantity One分析系統(tǒng)對條帶做吸光度定量,分析蛋白的相對表達量。
1.3.4 間接免疫熒光染色 取潔凈的蓋玻片置于24孔板中,NRK-52E以每孔5×105個細胞鋪孔,細胞處理同前。4%多聚甲醛固定10 min,PBS震蕩洗滌10 min×3次;含5%BSA的TBST室溫封閉2 h,PBS震蕩洗滌10 min×3;滴加cyclin D1一抗(1 ∶200)4℃孵育過夜,加入熒光標記二抗(1 ∶500),室溫避光孵育60 min,PBS震蕩洗滌10 min×3次;每孔加DAPI 50 μL,室溫避光孵育10 min,PBS洗滌;加抗熒光淬滅劑封片,激光共聚焦顯微鏡下觀察熒光表達。
2.1 NRK-52E細胞增殖及培養(yǎng)液上清LDH的變化由Tab 2可見,與對照組相比,H/R組培養(yǎng)基中LDH含量明顯上升(升高了106%),同時細胞存活率明顯下降(P<0.01),而H/R+IMD質(zhì)粒組與H/R組及空質(zhì)粒組相比LDH含量分別降低了33.85%、33.46%,此外,細胞存活率提高[(79.15%±1.42%vs61.22%±1.63%,60.98%±2.62%,P<0.05)];H/R組與空質(zhì)粒組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。
GroupCellproliferation/%LDH/U·L-1Control100.00505.24±32.15H/R61.22±1.63**1536.84±115.28**H/R+PIRES260.98±2.62**1522.33±93.57**H/R+IMD79.15±1.42*#699.81±65.28#
*P<0.05,**P<0.01vscontrol;#P<0.05vsH/R.
2.2 NRK-52E細胞周期的變化由Tab 3可見,與對照組相比,H/R 組細胞G0/G1期比例增加,S期細胞比例降低(P<0.05),說明H/R狀態(tài)下NRK-52E細胞增殖受到抑制。與H/R組及空質(zhì)粒組比較,H/R+IMD組表現(xiàn)為G0/G1期細胞比例明顯降低,而S及G2期細胞比例增加(P<0.05),表明IMD可使細胞越過G0/G1期,進而促進NRK-52E細胞的增殖。
GroupG0/G1SG2Control57.93±1.2333.01±2.358.03±0.76H/R79.92±1.69*13.62±1.36*6.45±0.44H/R+PIRES276.98±1.63*16.19±1.18*6.82±0.36H/R+IMD46.16±2.75*#48.08±1.89*#7.12±0.30*#
*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.05vsH/R
2.3 NRK-52E細胞中cyclin D1、CDK4、p57的表達Western blot結(jié)果顯示,H/R可增加cyclin D1、CDK 4的表達,這可能是一種損傷后修復啟動的代償機制,而IMD可明顯上調(diào)cyclin D1、CDK 4的表達,與對照組及H/R組相比差異具有顯著性(P<0.05);相似的是,Real time-PCR檢測結(jié)果也顯示IMD能明顯增加cyclin D1、CDK 4的mRNA表達,提示IMD通過調(diào)控轉(zhuǎn)錄從而增加其表達(Fig 1)。與對照組相比,H/R組細胞p57 mRNA及蛋白的表達明顯上調(diào)(P<0.05),而H/R+IMD組則明顯低于H/R組及空質(zhì)粒組(P<0.05)見Fig 2。
Fig 1 The mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 and CDK by
1:Control; 2: H/R; 3: H/R+PIRES2; 4: H/R+IMD,*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.05vsH/R.
2.4 免疫熒光檢測cyclin D1在細胞內(nèi)定位免疫熒光檢測結(jié)果可見,cyclin D1呈紅色熒光,在NRK-52E細胞內(nèi)主要表達在細胞核中,DAPI呈現(xiàn)藍色熒光,PIRES2-EGFP/IMD攜帶EGFP報告基因,呈現(xiàn)綠色熒光(Fig 3)。
缺血/再灌注損傷后腎小管上皮細胞的修復是腎功能恢復的基礎(chǔ)。ARF 患者的臨床預后取決于腎小管上皮細胞損傷與修復過程動態(tài)平衡的最終結(jié)果。在腎臟IRI后的修復需要腎小管上皮細胞再生取代受損的細胞,恢復腎小管的完整性,正常狀態(tài)下休眠的細胞將發(fā)生去分化,DNA合成加強,之后細胞可以發(fā)生增殖分化,恢復腎單位的完整性。細胞的增生必須通過完成一個細胞周期才能得以實現(xiàn),因而促進細胞周期的進展能加快組織的再生和修復[6-7]。
Fig 2 The mRNA and protein levels of p57 by western blot
1:Control; 2: H/R; 3: H/R+PIRES2; 4: H/R+IMD,*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.05vsH/R
Fig 3 Immunolocalization of cyclin D1 in NRK-52E cells
A:cyclin D1; B:DAPI; C:EGFP; D:Merge
中介素(intermedin,IMD)又稱腎上腺髓質(zhì)素2(adrenomedullin 2,ADM2),是2004年由美國學者Roh和日本學者Takei同時發(fā)現(xiàn)的,是一種較腎上腺髓質(zhì)素作用更強、更廣泛的降鈣素基因相關(guān)肽家族的新成員[8-9],是重要的心、腎、神經(jīng)、內(nèi)分泌調(diào)節(jié)肽,參與多種器官生理、病理過程[10-12],因此其生物學效應和功能越來越受到關(guān)注。大量的研究證實,IMD可以通過清除自由基、改善能量代謝、抑制細胞壞死和凋亡、抑制氧化應激等,從而減輕腎臟IRI急性期損傷[3, 13-18]。
近年來已有越來越多的證據(jù)提示,IRI后存在細胞周期的異常激活,腎小管上皮細胞在缺血性損傷后可快速進入細胞周期并增殖。本研究證實H/R組NRK-52E細胞存活率下降,培養(yǎng)液上清中的LDH活性升高,流式細胞術(shù)分析可見G0/G1細胞比例明顯上調(diào),而IMD轉(zhuǎn)染后細胞存活率提高,同時細胞培養(yǎng)液上清中的LDH活性也明顯下降,而IMD轉(zhuǎn)染組G0/G1期細胞百分比明顯減少, S、G2期細胞的百分比增加,這一結(jié)果提示IMD可促進H/R損傷后細胞的增殖,減輕細胞損傷。
cyclin是一類與真核細胞的細胞周期呈同步性、周期性升降的周期調(diào)節(jié)蛋白,通過與細胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinases,CDKs)結(jié)合形成cyclin-CDKs復合物共同控制著細胞周期[19-20]。cyclinD1、CDK4是 G1/S期關(guān)鍵的正性調(diào)節(jié)因子,二者通過結(jié)合成形成cyclinD1/CDK4復合物進入胞核,促使細胞通過G1/S調(diào)控點,啟動細胞周期過程進而發(fā)揮作用[21-22]。p57是重要的細胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶抑制因子(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor,CKI)主要表達在腎小球上皮細胞,參與調(diào)控細胞在G1/S期的轉(zhuǎn)變,抑制細胞增生[23]。本研究結(jié)果表明,H/R后cyclin D1、CDK4的表達均有所增加,這可能是損傷后機體的一種代償機制;而H/R+IMD組這些周期調(diào)節(jié)蛋白的表達進一步上調(diào)。H/R可導致p57表達水平明顯增加,而IMD則可降低p57的蛋白表達,同時我們還觀察到,cyclin D1在NRK-52E細胞內(nèi)主要定位于在細胞核中,而cyclin D1核聚集在增加細胞的增殖能力中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。這一結(jié)果提示IMD通過調(diào)控cyclin D1轉(zhuǎn)錄翻譯,降低p57蛋白表達,進而增加cyclin D1/CDK4的活性,促進細胞周期由G0-G1期進入S期。這些結(jié)果與本課題組在動物實驗中的結(jié)果相似[17]。
總之,腎小管上皮細胞修復過程的完成有賴于一系列的調(diào)節(jié)因子的作用[17],本研究在大鼠腎小管上皮NRK-52E細胞H/R模型中證實,IMD通過下調(diào)p57的表達,上調(diào)cyclinD1、CDK4的表達,從而促進細胞存活、增殖及細胞周期進展,這可能是IMD發(fā)揮腎臟缺血/再灌注保護的作用機制之一。本研究進一步證明了IMD促進腎臟IRI損傷后修復的重要作用,為IMD應用于腎臟IRI損傷的治療提供了實驗依據(jù)。
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Research of the effect in intermedin on cell proliferation repair of renal tubular cell hypoxia-reoxygenation injury
WANG Yan-hong1, TIAN Ji-hua1, SU Xiao-le2, QIAO Xi2, LI Rong-shan3
(1.DeptofMicrobiologyandImmunology,ShanxiMedicalUniversity,Taiyuan030001,China;2.DeptofNephrology,theSecondHospitalofShanxiMedicalUniversity,Taiyuan030001,China; 3.DeptofNephrology,ShanxiProvincialPeople′sHospital,ShanxiKidneyDiseaseInstitute,Taiyuan,Shanxi030001,China)
Aim To evaluate the effect of intermedin (IMD) on cell proliferation and regeneration in rat tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E) that was subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Methods The NRK-52E cells were divided into control group and three model groups (H/R,H/R+primitive vector, H/R+IMD vector) . The content of LDH was detected to observe the influence of IMD on H/R injury. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT.The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to determine mRNA and protein levels. Results ① In comparison to the control, H/R treatment decreased the cell viability and increased LDH activity (P<0.01); in contrast, compared to H/R, IMD treatment ameliorated cell viability(79.15±1.421%vs61.22±1.63%,P<0.05) and decreased LDH activities by 33.85% (P<0.01). ② The proliferation of NRK-52E cells was significantly inhibited by H/R treatment. In comparison to the control, H/R treatment of NRK-52E cells increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1phase but decreased the proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phases.Moreover, the over-expression of IMD resulted in S and G2/M phase redistribution and the accumulation of G2/M-phase cells. The real-time PCR and western blotting results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1, CDK4 and p57 were increased in H/R-treated cells. IMD further stimulated this up-regulated expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and decreased the expression of p57 in NRK-52E cells. ④Cyclin D1 had a predominantly nuclear localization in NRK-52E cells, although cytoplasmic localization was also observed. Conclusion The study shows that the over-expression of IMD may promote renal cell proliferation and regeneration after renal tubular cell H/R injury via the up-regulation of cyclin D1,CDK and the down-regulation of p57.
intermedin; hypoxia-reoxygenation injury; renal tubular epithelial cells; cell proliferation; cell cycle; cyclin
時間:2015-3-16 15:41 網(wǎng)絡出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1086.R.20150316.1541.017.html
2014-10-15,
2015-02-10
國家自然科學基金資助項目(No 30971380);山西醫(yī)科大學博士啟動基金(No 03201302);山西醫(yī)科大學基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學院331基金(No 201406);山西醫(yī)科大學科技創(chuàng)新基金(No 01201403)
王艷紅(1979-),女,博士,講師,研究方向:腎功能不全的基礎(chǔ)與臨床,E-mail:wangyanhongmail@126.com; 李榮山(1963-),男,博士,教授,博士生導師,研究方向:腎功能不全的基礎(chǔ)與臨床,通迅作者,E-mail:rongshanli13@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2015.04.009
A
1001-1978(2015)04-0482-06
R-332;R322.61;R329.24;R329.28