王嵩
【名詞】
(1)message意為“消息;信息;口信”。give sb. a message給某人一個(gè)口信;take a message for sb.替某人捎個(gè)口信;leave a message for sb.給某人留個(gè)口信。
(2)room作可數(shù)名詞,意為“房間”;作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“空間”,相當(dāng)于space。例:
There is no room on the bus. 公共汽車上沒(méi)有空地方了。
(3)pair通常指成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的物品。a pair of意為“一雙(副)……”,后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:a pair of shoes/ socks/ glasses 一雙鞋子/襪子/一副眼鏡。
【拓展】當(dāng)a pair of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)情況通常與pair的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。例:
That pair of pants is mine. 那條褲子是我的。
(4)voice意為“聲音”。指人的噪音或說(shuō)話、唱歌發(fā)出的聲音。如:in a loud voice 大聲地
【比較】sound泛指人們聽(tīng)到的“聲音”,可以指人和動(dòng)物的聲音,也可以指物體碰撞發(fā)出的聲音或指大自然的任何聲音。而noise則指人們不愿聽(tīng)到的、不悅耳的“噪音”,即:嘈雜聲、喧嘩、吵鬧等。如:make so much noise 大聲吵鬧。
(5)population意為“人口”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。另外,population可以用large, great以及small來(lái)修飾,但不能用many, much來(lái)修飾。例:
The population of Australia is smaller than that of Canada. 澳大利亞的人口比加拿大的少。
【拓展】詢問(wèn)某地人口的多少要用疑問(wèn)詞what,而不能用how many或how much。例:
What is the population of this city? 這個(gè)城市的人口是多少?
【動(dòng)詞】
(1)happen是不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“(偶然)發(fā)生”,主語(yǔ)一般是物,而不能是人。例:
This happens every night. 這件事每晚都發(fā)生。
【拓展】happen to sb./ sth. 表示“某人怎么了或某物怎么了”。例:
Can you tell me what happened to him yesterday? 你能告訴我昨天他怎么了嗎?
(2)annoy意為“使……生氣,使……煩惱”。例:
What annoys you most when youre shopping? 你在購(gòu)物時(shí),什么最讓你惱火?
【拓展】① annoyed是形容詞,意為“(某人感到)惱火的;惱怒的”。be/ get annoyed with sb.
意為“生某人的氣”;be/ get annoyed to do sth.意為“做某事感到生氣”。
② annoying也是形容詞,意為“令人氣惱的;令人心煩的”。
(3)receive意為“收到;得到”,常指收到禮物或來(lái)信等。
【拓展】表示“收到某人的來(lái)信”還可以表達(dá)為:get ones letter, get a letter from sb., hear from sb.等。
(4)cost意為“花費(fèi)”,表示“某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢”,其主語(yǔ)一般是物,常用于結(jié)構(gòu):“sth. cost sb. + 錢數(shù)”,通常沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
【拓展】① spend指花費(fèi)錢財(cái)、時(shí)間,其主語(yǔ)一般是人。常用于spend time/ money on sth.或spend time/ money in doing sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中,其中介詞in常常省略。
② take常用于“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“某人花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事”。
③ pay意為“支付”,主語(yǔ)是人。通常用sb. pay some money for sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。
【形容詞、副詞】
(1)alone用作副詞,意為“單獨(dú)地;孤獨(dú)地”,強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)自一人,沒(méi)有別的同伴。例:
For years the old man lived alone. 幾年來(lái),那位老人獨(dú)自生活。
【比較】lonely用作形容詞,指的是一種感覺(jué),具有感情色彩,缺乏友愛(ài)和幫助,感到寂寞,意為“孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的”。如:feel lonely感到孤獨(dú)的。
(2)asleep用作形容詞,意為“睡著的;熟睡的”,在句中常用作表語(yǔ)。如:be asleep睡著的;fall asleep入睡。
(3)instead用作副詞,意為“代替;而不是”,但通常不譯出,位于句首或句尾。
【兼類詞】
(1)surprise
① 作動(dòng)詞,surprise sb.表示“使(人)驚奇;使(人)感到意外”。
② 作可數(shù)名詞,意為“驚奇;驚訝”。in surprise吃驚地,驚奇地;to ones surprise讓某人吃驚的是。
(2)several
① 作形容詞,意為“幾個(gè)的;數(shù)個(gè)的”,用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞。如:several languages 好幾種語(yǔ)言;several times 好幾次。
② 作代詞,意為“幾個(gè);數(shù)個(gè)(人或物)”。例:
Several of us decided to walk home. 我們中有幾個(gè)人決定步行回家。
(3)return
① 作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“回來(lái);返回”。如:return from work 下班回家。
② 作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“歸還;退還”。 return sth. to sb. 把某物歸還給某人。
③ 作名詞,意為“返回;報(bào)答”等。例:
He made a return for her kindness. 他回報(bào)了她的好意。
(4)neither
① 作代詞,意為“兩者都不;兩者之中任何一個(gè)都不”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例:
Neither of the sweaters is good. 兩件毛衣都不好。
② 作形容詞,意為“兩者都不;兩者之中沒(méi)有一個(gè)”,所修飾的名詞用單數(shù)。例:
Neither answer is right. 兩個(gè)答案都不對(duì)。
③ 作連詞,意為“也不”。例:
He cant swim. Neither can I. 他不會(huì)游泳,我也不會(huì)。
【訓(xùn)練基地】
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全單詞。
1. Money is important to us, but money isnt e______.
2. The man wears a skirt in the cold weather. How s______ he is!
3. My parents are never a______ that I watch TV on weekends.
4. It always a______ me when the men around smoke.
5. Ive ever seen an exciting f______ called The Lord of the Rings.
6. If you dont want to ______ (失?。?in the exam, you shall study hard.
7. Dont be late again. You are ______ (理應(yīng)) to get to school on time.
8. My uncle has been raising money for charity for ______ (若干) years.
9. How about sending her a ______ (特別的) gift?
10. The little boy always says ______ (再見(jiàn)) to his parents when he goes to school.
Ⅱ. 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. Its ______ (amaze) that an alien came to our school yesterday.
2. What a ______ (luck) boy! He has won a prize to travel to Japan.
3. Why not invite the ______ (foreign) to our house? They look friendly.
4. We should be ______ (care) when we give others suggestions.
5. Not all ______ (child) like toys. We might send this girl some flowers.
6. Japanese companies have already made robots ______ (walk).
7. The football player is ______ (popular) than you.
8. He invited her ______ (dance) for me.
9. I think I ______ (stay) at home tomorrow.
10. My sister would like ______ (be) a movie star.
11. Which do you like ______ (well), this one or that one?
12. Heilongjiang is in the ______ (northern) of China.
13. He is very ______ (friend) to us.
14. I will try ______ (not be) late for the meeting.
15. If you dont go now, you ______ (be) late.
Ⅲ. 單項(xiàng)選擇。
( )1. Only if fewer people go to work by car, there will be less ______ in the street.
A. danger B. traffic C. accident D. silence
( )2. Its ______ to write a thank-you note when you get some help.
A. brave B. lucky C. polite D. careful
( )3. —What will you be in ten years?
—I will ______ become a scientist, but Im not sure.
A. nearly B. clearly C. probably D. especially
( )4. —Gina, you look worried. Whats wrong?
—I have so many snow globes that I dont know where to ______ them.
A. send B. store C. raise D. return
( )5. —Who has ever been to the Water Park, you or your sister?
—______ of us has. We are ______ too busy with our study.
A. All; both B. Both; neither C. Neither; both D. Each; neither
Ⅳ. 根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容,從方框所給的選項(xiàng)中選出合適的單詞補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。
[true, cost, happen, suggest, pollution, such, received, discovered, traffic, surprise\&]
A: Its (1)______ a nice car. Isnt it yours, Jack?
B: Yes, its the present which I just (2)______ from my grandpa last week.
A: What a (3)______!
B: Yes, but cars dont (4)______ too much in our country.
A: In China, its different. Cars are too dear for everyone to buy.
B: However, I have (5)______ that many Chinese people have their own cars.
A: Thats (6)______. Our country is becoming richer and richer.
B: By the way, what will (7)______ if there are too many cars?
A: Of course, there will be many (8)______ problems.
B: I agree. And cars will make more air (9)______.
A: How bad it is! So scientists (10)______ that people have a low-carbon life.
B: Sounds like a good idea. I will support this idea though I have a car.
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1. everything 2. strange 3. against 4. annoys 5. film
6. fail 7. supposed 8. several 9. special 10. goodbye
Ⅱ. 1. amazing 2. lucky 3. foreigners 4. careful 5. children
6. walk 7. more popular 8. to dance
9. will stay/ am staying/ am going to stay 10. to be 11. better 12. north 13. friendly 14. not to be 15. will be
Ⅲ. 1~5 BCCBC
Ⅳ. 1. such 2. received 3. surprise 4. cost 5. discovered
6. true 7. happen 8. traffic 9. pollution 10. suggest