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完全倒裝or部分倒裝?十大考點“點石成金”

2015-11-04 19:23王靜
求學·理科版 2015年10期
關鍵詞:句首點石成金主句

王靜

倒裝是每年高考的必考語法項目,高考對倒裝的命題重點主要集中在是否倒裝、對部分倒裝和完全倒裝的辨析,并且常與時態(tài)結(jié)合在一起,有時也結(jié)合主謂語一致來考查。

考點1: ?in, out, up, down, away, off, now, then等表示方位、地點和時間的副詞置于句首的完全倒裝。

例1 ? Hearing the dog barking fiercely , away ____.

A. fleeing the thief ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. fled the thief

C. the thief was fleeing ? ? ?D. was fleeing the thief

【解析】選B。句意:聽到狗兇猛地叫,小偷逃走了。away為副詞,在句首引起倒裝,flee意為“逃跑”,是不及物動詞,移到主語(名詞)the thief前面。此句式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不用進行時。

【易錯點撥】 若句子的主語是人稱代詞,則不用倒裝。例如:

Away they hurried.他們匆忙地離開了。

考點2:表示地點、方位、時間等介詞短語放在句首,句中謂語動詞常為sit, stand, lie等不及物動詞且主語是名詞時的完全倒裝。

例2 ? Just in front of the temple ____with a history of 1000 years.

A. does an old pine tree stand ? B. stands an old pine tree

C.an old pine tree is standing ? ?D.an old pine tree stands

【解析】選B。句意為:一顆有千年歷史的松樹就矗立在寺廟前面。表示地點的介詞短語放在句首,句子要完全倒裝。此句中,主語是an old pine tree with a history of 1000 years,為單數(shù),所以謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)stands。正常語序為:An old pine tree with a history of 1000 years stands just in front of the temple.

【易錯點撥】在完全倒裝的句子中,介詞短語不能做主語,位于動詞后面的名詞就是句子的主語。

考點3: only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時引起的主句部分倒裝。

例3 ? Only when Lily walked into the office _______ that she had left the contract at home.

A. she realized B. has she realized

C. she has realized D. did she realize

【解析】選D。句意:直到Lily走進辦公室,她才意識到她把合同放在家里了。only修飾做狀語的從句/介詞短語/副詞,并放在句首時,主句多用部分倒裝。由賓語從句中的過去完成時可知,主句應用一般過去時。

【易錯點撥】如果only修飾的名詞或代詞做主語放在句首,則主句不必倒裝。如:Only she can do it well. 只有她才能把這件事做好。

考點4: never, seldom, little, hardly, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, not等具有否定意義或半否定意義的副詞置于句首時的部分倒裝。

例4 ?“Never for a second, ”the boy says, “______that my father would come to my rescue. ”

A. I doubted B. do I doubt

C. I have doubted D. did I doubt

【解析】選D。句中never為否定詞,置于句首時句子應該使用部分倒裝,因此排除A項和C項。從句中的would表示過去將來時,根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)一致性的原則,主句應該使用過去時。

考點5: at no time (從來沒有),by no means (決不),in no way (決不),in no case (決不),under no circumstances (在任何情況下都不)等含有否定意義的介詞短語置于句首時的部分倒裝。

例5 ? At no time ______ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

A. they actually broke B. do they actually break

C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken

【解析】at no time放在句首,句子要用倒裝。故排除A和D兩項。又因為句中的時態(tài)是一般過去時, 所以選C。

考點6: no sooner...than..,hardly/ scarcely...when...,not until...,not only...but also... ,neither...nor等表示否定意義的固定搭配連詞置于句首時的倒裝。

例6 ?No sooner _______stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had

C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has

【解析】選A。句意:莫言一登上舞臺,觀眾就報以雷鳴般的掌聲。no sooner...than(一……就……),no sooner所在的句子用過去完成時,位于句首時要把had提前,構(gòu)成主句部分倒裝。

【易錯點撥】類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有hardly/ scarcely...when...,另外還要注意以下句型:

not only...but also...連接兩個并列句,not only位于句首,第一個分句要部分倒裝。

Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.我們不能害怕困難,還要盡全力克服它們。

neither, nor連接兩個并列分句時,由于neither,nor都是否定詞,所以其前后分句均用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. 我不知道這件事,我也不關心。

考點7: 在 so/such...that結(jié)構(gòu)中,so/such提前至句首時的主句謂語部分的部分倒裝。

例7 ?So amused ____ that I couldnt help laughing when I saw the children dressed up as Santa Clauses on Christmas Day.

A. did l feel ? ? ? ? B.had I felt ? ? ? ?C.was I felt ? ? ? ?D.I felt

【解析】在so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中,so +副詞部分置于句首時,主句部分謂語用部分倒裝,在that引導的狀語從句中,從句謂語不用倒裝。另外, that從句中謂語saw是一般過去時,根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)一致性的原則,答案為A項。

例8 ? ______ at the news that her father injured in the traffic accident that her eyes rained tears.

A. So was Mary sad ? ? ? ?B. So sad was Mary

C. So sad Mary was ? ? ? ?D. Was Mary so sad

【解析】句意:當瑪麗聽到她爸爸在交通事故中受傷的消息時,她難過地哭了。在so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中,so和形容詞提前時,后面的be動詞要移到主語前面,故選B項。

考點8:省略連詞if,將were/had/should提到主語之前的虛擬條件句的從句部分倒裝。

例9 ? It might have saved me much trouble ________ the schedule.

A. did I know ? ? ? ? ? B. have I known

C. do I know ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had I known

【解析】選D。 根據(jù)主句中的It might have saved可知,從句謂語動詞應該用過去完成時,表示對過去事實的虛擬。完整的從句是if I had known the schedule,if可以省略,同時將had提前,構(gòu)成倒裝。

考點9: so/ neither + be/have /助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + 主語,表示“也(不)……”的部分倒裝。

例10 ? As fuel prices rose, bus companies raised their fares and ______.

A. so did the airlines ? ? ?B. nor did the airline

C. so the airlines did ? ? ?D. nor the airlines did

【解析】句意:因為燃料價格上漲,公交公司和航空公司都上漲了票價。表示“某人/物的情況也是如此”,用so +助動詞+主語,故A項正確。

例11 ? ——As a teenager, our son should have two or three hobbies to be really happy.

——_____. ? But how can he afford the time with so much homework every day?

A. So does he ? ? ? ? ? B. So he does

C. So should he ? ? ? ?D. So he should

【解析】本題考查特殊句型,so does he和so should he為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),意為“也……”,不符合語境。so he does 和so he should意為“他確實……”,符合題意。此外,根據(jù)第一句中our son should have...可以排除B項,故選D項。

例12 ? ——The man has great determination and never gives up.

——______.

A. So do you ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. Neither do you

C. So is with you ? ? ? ? D. It is the same with you

【解析】當表達前者的情況也適用于后者,而這種情況既有肯定也有否定的時候,用it is the same with...或so it is with...,故選D項。

考點10: as/ though引導的讓步狀語從句的部分倒裝。

例13 ? Unsatisfied _____with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.

A. though was he ? ? ? ? B. though he was

C. he was though ? ? ? ? D. was he though

【解析】“盡管對工資不滿意,但為了獲得工作經(jīng)驗,他還是接受了這份工作”,though引導的讓步狀語從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首時,主謂順序不變,故B項正確。

【易錯點撥】若表語是名詞,其前面不用冠詞。例如:

Student as he is,he doesnt study as hard as he can.

盡管他是個學生,但他對待學習并沒有竭盡全力。

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