主持建筑師：張雷

萬(wàn)景園小教堂，南京，江蘇，中國(guó)

主持建筑師：張雷

這個(gè)鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)的小教堂具有平和的外形與充滿神秘宗教力量的內(nèi)部空間、質(zhì)樸的材料和精致的構(gòu)造邏輯。

在小教堂的設(shè)計(jì)中，建筑師并未有意排斥“集中”和“縱深”的古典空間序列，平面采用了正方形回廊和正八邊形的主廳，而剖面由于折板屋頂?shù)牟捎靡约拔菁怪醒氲莫M長(zhǎng)天窗的光帶，顯示出強(qiáng)烈的縱深空間感，并且突出了圣壇上方高聳的軸線焦點(diǎn)。

小教堂設(shè)計(jì)了獨(dú)特的回廊，形成了主廳空間的雙層外殼。內(nèi)殼封閉，突出來(lái)自頂部和墻面裂縫的自然光效果；外殼是精密的SPF木格柵，成為外部風(fēng)景的過(guò)濾器，暗示了內(nèi)部宗教場(chǎng)所體驗(yàn)的開始。雙層外殼的空間邊界，帶有獨(dú)特的東方建筑空間趣味。小教堂具有一個(gè)完美的正方形平面，雖然內(nèi)部空間和外部結(jié)構(gòu)之間存在45°的轉(zhuǎn)角，容納了門廳、主廳、圣壇、告解室等功能空間，這個(gè)矩形平面仍保持了高度的完整性、對(duì)稱性和向心性。平面中暗藏的對(duì)角線同時(shí)延伸到屋頂結(jié)構(gòu),是空間、力、材料的高度統(tǒng)一。

“光”是教堂空間宗教情感表現(xiàn)的重要題材，在這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)中，光從屋頂圣壇軸線上方的帶形天窗投向下方主廳中央，從圣壇墻面的十字架后面溢出，這條寬度300mm光帶的呈現(xiàn)，是決定內(nèi)部空間氛圍最強(qiáng)有力的要素。除此之外的其他自然光，則通過(guò)格柵柔和地滲入主廳墻體上的開口。

“輕”建造策略是緊張工期和有限造價(jià)條件下的明智選擇。折板鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)屋頂，配合光這種“廉價(jià)”的素材，為空間賦予了豐富的表現(xiàn)力。內(nèi)部的所有表面涂飾白色，把主角讓給空間和光。外部的木質(zhì)格柵、瀝青瓦屋面保持原色，把主角讓給大自然。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)單位/Design Institute: 張雷聯(lián)合建筑事務(wù)所/AZL Architects

合作機(jī)構(gòu)/Collaborator: 南京大學(xué)建筑規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司/Architectural Design & Planning Institute, Nanjing University

建筑面積/Floor Area: 200m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2014

攝影/Photos: 姚力/YAO Li

1 剖面/Section

Built with simple materials and elaborate tectonics, the chapel features a steel-timber structure, a smooth form and an interior space of mysterious religious power.

In the chapel design, the architect did not intentionally reject classical spatial sequence of "centrality" and "depth"; the plan has a square cloister and an octagonal main hall, while the section conveys a strong sense of depth thanks to the folded-plate roof and the long narrow lighting band in the middle of the ridge. The axial focus soaring above the altar is also accentuated.

A distinctive cloister is designed for the chapel, creating a double-layered shell for the main hall. The inner shell is enclosed, highlighting the effect of natural light coming from above and through cracks in the wall; the outer shell is made of delicate SPF wooden grille, which serves as a filter of exterior scenery and also implies the beginning of interior religious experience. The spatial interface of the double shell has a distinctive taste of oriental architectural space.The chapel plan is a perfect square; though there is a 45° angle between the interior space and the exterior structure – created to accommodate the entrance hall, the main hall, the altar and the confession room, this square nonetheless maintains a high level of completeness, symmetry, and centrality. Meanwhile, the diagonal hidden in the plan extends all the way to the roof structure so that space, force, and material are highly unified.

"Light" is an important subject of in the chapel space’s expression of religious feelings; in this design, light casts down into the middle of the main hall through the louver band above the altar axis and from behind the Cross on the altar wall; this light band, 300 mm in width, is the most powerful element that determines the interior atmosphere. Other natural light gently permeates into the wall openings of the main hall through the wooden grille.

The "lightnes" strategy is a smart choice during stressful construction phases and under cost restrictions. The folded-slate roof of steel-timer structure, together with the "cheap" material of light, endows the space with rich expressiveness. All interior surfaces are painted white, giving full play to space and light, while exterior wooden grille and asphalt roof tiles maintain their original color, giving full play to nature.

Wanjing Garden Chapel, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2014

Principal Architect: ZHANG Lei

2.3 內(nèi)景/Interior views

4 外景/Exterior view