Unit 1
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯
1. tough adj.
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Also, sometimes as a boss in the business world, you have to make difficult decisions that hurt people. 此外,有時(shí)作為商界管理者,你得做出一些會(huì)傷害到別人的艱難決定。
【拓展】 1) “堅(jiān)韌的;有韌性的”如:as tough as leather堅(jiān)韌如皮革
2) “嚴(yán)酷的;苛刻的”如:a tough winter 一個(gè)嚴(yán)寒的冬天。
3) “困難的;費(fèi)力的;難切難吃的”如:tough meat老肉
4) “困難的;費(fèi)力的或麻煩的”如:a tough job棘手的工作;a tough team一個(gè)難以應(yīng)付的團(tuán)隊(duì)
5) “堅(jiān)決的;強(qiáng)硬的;頑強(qiáng)的”如:a tough policy強(qiáng)硬的政策;a tough law 嚴(yán)格的法律
【高考鏈接】 —Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party?(2015年 江蘇卷33)
—Well, you know hes .
A. an early birdB. a wet blanket
C. a lucky dogD. a tough nut
【解析】 考點(diǎn):英語俗語。an early bird早起者,早到者;a wet blanket掃興的人;a lucky dog幸運(yùn)兒;a tough nut難對(duì)付的人;難題。根據(jù)情景,應(yīng)該選B。
2. support vt. / n. 支持,支撐,贍養(yǎng),供養(yǎng)
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Many actors, actresses and models hold ordinary, less glamorous jobs, often working as waiters and waitresses, in order to support themselves.為了養(yǎng)活自己,許多演員和模特做一些普通的、沒那么風(fēng)光的工作,常常打工做服務(wù)員。
(1) “支撐;托住”如:The roof may need extra support. 這個(gè)房頂需要額外的支撐物。
(2) “養(yǎng)活;資助;鼓勵(lì);幫助”如:Tom has to support a large family. 湯姆得養(yǎng)活一大家子人。
(3) “擁護(hù);支持”如:Which volleyball team do you support? 你支持哪個(gè)排球隊(duì)?
【拓展】 be in support of sb. / sth.“支援某人/某物”如:They signed a petition in support of the pay claim.他們?cè)谡?qǐng)?jiān)笗虾灻С诌@次加薪要求。
supportable adj.可忍受的;supporter n.支持者;support group互助組;supporting role配角
【高考鏈接】 1. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ?and then let me know. (2015年 安徽卷30)
A. thoughtB. support
C. protectionD. authority
【解析】 句意:現(xiàn)在沒必要告訴我答案,你再思考一下,之后告訴我。A思考;B支持;C保護(hù);D權(quán)威,當(dāng)局。這里指讓對(duì)方再好好想想,故選A。
2. It is widely acknowledged that students should be ?in terms of overall quality.(2014年福建卷25)
A. supportedB. matched
C. evaluatedD. controlled
【解析】 句意:普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的全部素養(yǎng)來評(píng)估他們。A. support支持; B. match匹配; C. evaluate評(píng)估; D. control控制。根據(jù)句意,選C。
3. reflect v. 反射;反映,表現(xiàn)
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 The last year of high school is a time for hard work and also a time to reflect. 高中的最后一年是勤奮學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)刻,也是認(rèn)真思考的時(shí)刻。
Mirrors reflect light. 鏡子能反射光線。
【拓展】 reflect on“思考”如:The investigation reflects on her character. 調(diào)查(的結(jié)果)表明她的品格是有問題的。
reflection n.“反射,反照”如:Can you see your reflection in the glass? 你能看到鏡中的映像嗎?
on / upon reflection=on second thought經(jīng)再三考慮; be lost in reflection / thought陷入沉思
4. approach v. 對(duì)付,處理,向……靠近 n. 方法
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 This allows our hospital to work better than if we only approached problems one way.這使我們醫(yī)院的工作效率比我們只用一種方法處理問題更高。
【拓展】 approach a problem 處理問題; approach sb. on (或 about) sth.為某事同某人打交道; the approach to a bridge引橋
5. option n. 選擇;選擇權(quán);選擇自由,可選擇的東西;任選項(xiàng);取舍;任意
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Maybe a career as a local grocer would be a better option. 可能做一名當(dāng)?shù)氐碾s貨店店主會(huì)是更好的選擇。
There are four options in our college. 我們大學(xué)里有四門選修科。
We have two options—either we sell the house or we rent it out. 我們有兩種選擇——或是賣掉房子,或是將其出租。
【拓展】 at ones option 隨意; have no option / choice / alternative but to do不得不做某事; leave ones options open 暫不做選擇;留有選擇余地; leave to ones option 任意選擇;make ones option 進(jìn)行選擇
There are three options open to us in that matter. 在那個(gè)問題上我們有三個(gè)選擇的可能。
optional adj.“可選擇的”如:
Family Album, USA is an optional subject in our school. 走遍美國在我們學(xué)校是一門選修課。
Attendance at the lecture is optional. 這一講座可隨意參加。
6. investigativeadj. 研究的,調(diào)查的
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Investigative (people who like to think)(P.15, L.37)調(diào)查型(思想家)
investigative report / work調(diào)查性報(bào)告/工作
【拓展】 investigate vt.“調(diào)查,研究”如:The lawyer was sent to investigate the case. 那位律師被派去調(diào)查該案件。
investigation n.“研究;調(diào)查”如:conduct / carry out an investigation實(shí)施調(diào)查
7. actually adv. 實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Some jobs may seem very dull but are very important to society,while others can appear very exciting but are actually very difficult and boring. 有些工作可能看起來枯燥,但是對(duì)社會(huì)非常重要,還有一些工作可能看起來很令人激動(dòng)但實(shí)際上非常難做和無聊。
【拓展】 同義詞:in reality; in practice; in fact; as a matter of fact
8. enterprising adj. 有事業(yè)心的,有進(jìn)取心的,有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的
Its enterprising of them to start up a business like that. 他們那樣去開創(chuàng)生意是很有魄力的。
Smith is an enterprising student. 斯密斯是個(gè)別出心裁的學(xué)生。
【拓展】 enterprise n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng);企業(yè);enterprise culture企業(yè)文化;private enterprise 私人企業(yè); stateowned enterprise 國有企業(yè)
二、重點(diǎn)詞組
1. under pressure 處于壓力之下
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 They are also under great pressure to appear young and beautiful. 他們也承受著巨大的壓力,要顯得年輕漂亮。
The boss was under pressure to deal with the tough problem. 老板處于要處理棘手問題的壓力。
put pressure on sb. to do sth. 給某人施加壓力做某事
【拓展】 stressn. 1) 壓力,緊迫,困難,(心理、生理或情緒上的) 緊張
under the stress of poverty 在貧困的壓力下; stress and pressure 緊張和壓力
2) 重視;強(qiáng)調(diào);lay [place, put] stress on 把重點(diǎn)放在……上;在……上用力
Father always put stress on good table manners. 父親一向非常強(qiáng)調(diào)要有好的席間舉止。
vt. 著重;強(qiáng)調(diào) He stressed the need for better education.他強(qiáng)調(diào)需要更好的教育。
2. go about sth. 從事,著手做, 繼續(xù)做……
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 These people,who perform such ordinary but vital tasks, allow others to go about their daily lives. 這些人做著如此平凡卻必不可少的工作,使其他人得以繼續(xù)他們的日常生活。
Go about your business. 忙你自己的事情去吧。
He went about doing good. 他經(jīng)常做好事。
go about ones daily routine “忙于日常事務(wù)”;go about (doing) sth. “開始,著手” 如:
How do you go about repairing the machine? (= set about)
3. go through... 經(jīng)歷……
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 As we go through our daily lives, we meet many different kinds of people. 在我們的日常生活中,我們要接觸到許多不同的人。
【拓展】 (1) “遭受,經(jīng)歷” 如:They have all gone through the war. 他們都經(jīng)歷過這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
(2) “仔細(xì)檢查,審查” 如:The customs staff went through our luggage. 海關(guān)人員檢查了我們的行李。
(3) “穿過;通過”如:The telephone call quickly went through. 電話很快接通了。
其他詞組:as far as it goes就目前情況來說;go down 下降;倒下;go with 伴隨;跟……相配;協(xié)調(diào);go against 違背;反對(duì);抵抗;go in for 參加;喜歡;go all out全力以赴
4. correspond with... 和……相對(duì)應(yīng);與……相符合
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Find the letter which you chose the most often and look at the description which corresponds with it on the next page. 找出你選擇次數(shù)最多的字母,閱讀下頁與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的描述。
【拓展】 (1) 符合,一致[(+ to / with)] His actions do not correspond with his words. 他言行不一。
(2) 相當(dāng),相應(yīng)[(+to)]
The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美國的國會(huì)相當(dāng)于英國的議會(huì)。
(3) 通信[(+with)] He frequently corresponds with his uncle.他和他的叔叔經(jīng)常通信。
5. bring... to... 把……帶到……
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Another advantage of having male nurses is that they see things from a different angle than women and bring a male way of thinking to solving problems. 擁有男護(hù)士的另一個(gè)好處是,他們看待事物的角度與女性不同,并能以男性的思維方式來解決問題。
【拓展】 Will you bring her to Toms party? 請(qǐng)你帶她去湯姆的宴會(huì),好不好?
What brings you here? 什么風(fēng)把你吹來啦?
其他詞組:bring about造成,導(dǎo)致;bring back送回,使回憶,恢復(fù)(健康);bring down打落,降低,打倒;bring in引進(jìn),收獲,產(chǎn)生,介紹;bring to an end結(jié)束;bring up養(yǎng)育;嘔吐
Unit 2
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯
1. process n. 過程,進(jìn)程,流程
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 We can split the interview process into three parts. 我們可以把面試過程分為三個(gè)部分。
【拓展】 the digestive process消化過程;an advanced industrial process先進(jìn)的工作生產(chǎn)流程
短語:in the process同時(shí),在……過程中
v. 加工,處理,沖印 processed cheese經(jīng)過加工的奶酪
Your application for a mortgage is being processed.你申請(qǐng)抵押貸款的事正在辦理中。
【高考鏈接】 Studies have shown that the right and left ear ?sound differently. (2015年 浙江卷5)
A. produceB. pronounce
C. processD. download
【解析】 試題分析:句意:研究已經(jīng)表明,左耳和右耳處理聲音是不同的。A意為“生產(chǎn)或制造”,B意為“發(fā)音”,C意為“處理”,D意為下載。該題考查的是詞義辨析,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思都非常的不一樣,所以在作答的時(shí)候,每一個(gè)單詞都要代入空格進(jìn)行翻譯,找出最佳答案。根據(jù)常識(shí),耳朵不能夠生產(chǎn)或制造,不能發(fā)音,更不可能下載。所以答案只能是“處理”,也就是C。
2. make 作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞用,意思是“(使)成為”
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Another reason that men make great nurses in that in general, men have stronger bodies than women. 男性可成為優(yōu)秀護(hù)士的另一個(gè)原因是,男性通常比女性體格更強(qiáng)壯。
【拓展】 You have a very good idea. It will make a good book. 你的想法很好,可以寫成一本書。
John made Alice his wife. 約翰娶愛麗絲為妻。
Mary will make Carola good wife.瑪麗將成為卡羅爾的好妻子。
make還可以構(gòu)成許多詞組:make sense有意義,講得通; make up編造,組成,化妝,和好; be made of由……制成(看得出原材料);be made from由……制成(看不出原材料);be made up of由……組成;make for走向,向……前進(jìn);make out起草,辨認(rèn)
【高考鏈接】 1) See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt ?sense to buy the cheaper brand of computer just to save a few dollars. (2015年 天津卷14)
A. haveB. make
C. displayD. bring
【解析】 句意:看,你的電腦又壞了!只為省幾美元買最便宜牌子的電腦是沒有意義的。該題考查動(dòng)詞短語的固定搭配:make sense有意義。根據(jù)句意可知選B。
2) There is no doubt that this candidates advantage ?his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015年 湖北卷25)
A. leaves outB. goes against
C. lies inD. makes up
【解析】 句意:毫無疑問,這位候選人的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于他能夠用英語和外國人交流。A.“遺漏,省略”;B.“違背,和……作對(duì)”;C.“在于”;D.“編造,組成,化妝,和好”。故選C。
3. split (split, split) vt. 劈開,切開,分開
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 We can split the interview process into three parts. 我們可以把面試過程分為三個(gè)部分。
【拓展】 split up 1) 把……劃分2) 相當(dāng)于break up 離婚,分手,斷絕關(guān)系
split up a farm into 5 lots將農(nóng)田劃分為5塊
Her parents split up a few months ago. 她的父母幾個(gè)月之前離婚了。
【高考鏈接】 If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to ?on the sea? (2015年浙江卷16)
A. floatB. drown
C. shrinkD. split
【解析】 句意:既然鐵重于水,為什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意為“漂浮”;B.drown意為“淹死”;C.shrink意為“收縮”;D.split意為“灑出”。此題考查的是4個(gè)動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析,正確理解這4個(gè)詞及結(jié)合常識(shí)可以得出答案為A。
4. potential adj. 潛在的,可能的
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 An interview is a talk between an employer and a potential employee so that the interview can assess the applicant and see if he or she is suitable for the position. 面試是雇主和潛在雇員之間的談話,是為了讓面試官評(píng)估應(yīng)聘者,看他(她)是否適合這一職位。
【拓展】 potential n.“潛力,潛在性,可能性”如:
He shows potential as a teacher. 他表現(xiàn)出當(dāng)老師的潛在能力。
The area held a potential for slides. 該地區(qū)有滑坡的可能。
5. yawn vi. 打哈欠
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Make sure you get a good nights rest, so that you will be refreshed and not yawn during the interview. 一定要保證你前一天晚上休息好,這樣你就會(huì)精力充沛,不至于在面試時(shí)打哈欠。
【拓展】 It was already 12 oclock. She couldnt help yawning, looking at her watch. 已經(jīng)12點(diǎn)了,她忍不住打哈欠,看手表。
6. wag v. (wagged; wagged; wagging) 搖動(dòng),搖頭或晃動(dòng)手指(表示不贊成)
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Nod your head when you agree with something or wag your head when you dont. 當(dāng)你同意時(shí)點(diǎn)頭,不同意時(shí)則搖頭。
【拓展】 “You naughty girl!” Mom said,wagging her finger at me.“你這淘氣的丫頭!”媽媽對(duì)我擺了擺手指說道。
The dog was wagging its tail, following its master. 那只狗搖著尾巴,跟隨在其主人后面。
習(xí)慣用語:
wag ones finger at 向……搖指頭 (表示責(zé)難, 輕視);wag ones head 搖頭
The dog was wagging its tail slowly on the hot summer day. 大熱天,狗輕輕搖著尾巴。
My uncle held his arms and wagged his head in disapproval. 叔叔抱臂胸前搖頭表示不贊成。
7. bond n. 關(guān)系;聯(lián)系
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 This is one of the quickest ways of making a bond. 這是最快地建立與他人關(guān)系的方式之一。
【拓展】 1) “牢固的聯(lián)系:紐帶;聯(lián)系;關(guān)系;契合” 如:
the natural bond between mother and child 母子間的自然的緊密關(guān)系
The two companies have bonds with each other for so long. 這兩家公司多年來一直保持聯(lián)系。
A bond of friendship had been formed between them. 他們之間形成了一種友誼的紐帶。
2) “債券;公債;證券” 如:My father put all his money into Canadian Northern Railway bonds.我父親把他所有的錢都投到了加拿大北方鐵路的債劵上。
v.“粘合”如:It takes 2 minutes for the two surfaces to bond.兩個(gè)表面兩分鐘就會(huì)粘到一起。
8. roundabout n. 環(huán)形交通樞紐;環(huán)島;旋轉(zhuǎn)椅;旋轉(zhuǎn)木馬
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 The interview will not care about how bad the traffic was at the roundabouts... 面試官不會(huì)關(guān)心交通環(huán)島上的交通狀況有多么不好……。
【拓展】 This is the biggest roundabouts in the world. 這是世界上最大的環(huán)形交通樞紐。
roundabout adj. “不直截了當(dāng)?shù)?轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角的;繞彎子的” 如:
a roundabout route to avoid the worst of the traffic繞道避開交通最擁擠的地段。
It was a roundabout way of telling us to leave. 這是在轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角地要我們離開。
二、重點(diǎn)詞組
1. in response to 作為對(duì)……的回應(yīng),答復(fù)
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Im writing in response to your advertisement in the Local Daily for a software Engineer. 我在寫信回應(yīng)你們?cè)诋?dāng)?shù)厝請(qǐng)?bào)聘請(qǐng)一位軟件工程師。
【拓展】 response是名詞,其動(dòng)詞形式為respond;respond to意為“作為對(duì)……的回應(yīng),答復(fù)”; make a response 意為“作出響應(yīng),作出回復(fù)”。
他對(duì)我的建議報(bào)以一笑。
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh. = He laughed in response to my suggestion.
【高考鏈接】 1) These comments came ?specific questions often asked by local newsmen. (2015年 浙江卷17)
A. in memory ofB. in response to
C. in touch withD. in possession of
【解析】 句意:這些評(píng)論是對(duì)某些經(jīng)常被當(dāng)?shù)匦侣勅藛柕降膯栴}的回應(yīng)。A. in memory of意為紀(jì)念;B. in response to意為回應(yīng);C. in touch with意為聯(lián)系;D. in possession of意為擁有。分析句子成分知道空格處充當(dāng)介詞短語作狀語的作用,根據(jù)常識(shí)和句意,評(píng)論應(yīng)該是對(duì)問題的回應(yīng)。所以答案應(yīng)該是B. in response to回應(yīng)。
2) I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. ?the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.(2013年 江蘇卷26)
A. On account ofB. In response to
C. In view ofD. With regard to
【解析】 句意:當(dāng)我收到你的電子郵件時(shí),總是很高興的。關(guān)于7月1日的聚會(huì),我將非常高興參加。A. on account of因?yàn)椋捎?B. in response to對(duì)……做出回應(yīng);C. in view of考慮到,鑒于;D. with regard to關(guān)于,至于。根據(jù)句意,選擇D。
2. have butterflies in ones stomach(做某事前)心慌,緊張
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Dont worry about having butterflies in your stomach before the interview. 不要擔(dān)心在面試前會(huì)心慌意亂。
【拓展】 have butterflies in ones stomach“緊張,忐忑不安”如:
Sam had butterflies in his stomach as he went to the bosss office to ask for a rise. 薩姆到老板辦公室去要求加薪時(shí),心里十分緊張。
其他短語:butterfly stroke蝶泳;butterfly nut蝶形螺母;buttermilk脫脂乳;butterscotch奶油糖果;butterball胖子;buttercream奶油;butterfat乳脂
3. make (an) allowance for... 考慮到……
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 When you set off for your appointment, make allowance for the traffic and make sure you are on time, or even a little bit early. 當(dāng)你趕去約定的面試時(shí),你要考慮到交通狀況,確定準(zhǔn)時(shí),甚至提前一點(diǎn)。
【拓展】 同義詞:consider;同義詞組:take something into consideration
The plan doesnt take people working on night shifts into consideration. 該計(jì)劃沒考慮上夜班的人。
My brother made no allowance for my shorter legs, and I had to run to keep up.我哥哥不考慮我的腿較短,我得跑步才能跟上他。
其他短語:make allowances體諒,顧及; housing allowance住房津貼
4. look somebody in the eye 注視“某人”,直視“某人”
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 Smile when you shake hands with the interviewer, and look him or her in the eye.與面試官握手時(shí)要微笑,眼睛要看著對(duì)方。
【拓展】 The father asked his son to look him in the eye, telling him what had happened. 父親要兒子看著他的眼睛,告訴他發(fā)生什么事了。
類似的短語還有:hit sb. in the face / on the head / on the shoulder / on the back打到某人的臉部/頭部/肩膀/背部;lead sb. by the arm拉著某人的胳膊;lead the cow by the nose牽著牛鼻子
5. follow something up 采取后續(xù)行動(dòng)
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 You should follow it up by writing and thanking them for giving you the interview.接著,你應(yīng)該寫信,感謝他們給了你這次面試機(jī)會(huì)。
【拓展】 follow up: vt. 跟進(jìn),補(bǔ)充,采取后續(xù)行動(dòng);窮追(跟蹤,重復(fù)補(bǔ)充,繼承,監(jiān)督)
The salesman usually follow up a letter with a visit.推銷員往往在寫了信之后又上門拜訪。
其他詞組:as follows如下;follow up (與with連用) 貫徹;follow up on a suggestion 根據(jù)建議采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆?dòng);follow about / round / around到處跟隨著;follow after追求,爭(zhēng)取;follow on繼續(xù)下去;繼續(xù)擊球;follow out把……弄個(gè)水落石出;貫徹,完成,執(zhí)行;follow through做隨球動(dòng)作;進(jìn)行到底
6. give sb. the edge
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 It can also give you the edge over other candidates, so remember to check your spelling, punctuation and grammar. 這也會(huì)讓你比其他應(yīng)聘者略勝一籌,因此要記住檢查你的拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語法。
【點(diǎn)撥】 名詞edge在這里的意思是“微弱的優(yōu)勢(shì)”。如:
hold / have the edge in... 在……占優(yōu)勢(shì);win by a narrow edge險(xiǎn)勝;lose the edge失去優(yōu)勢(shì);have / get / gain / hold / keep / maintain an edge over sb. 勝過某人
The edge was with Mrs Smith. 優(yōu)勢(shì)在史密斯太太一邊。
其他詞組:give sb. the edge of ones tongue謾罵某人;on edge直立著;緊張不安;over the edge精神錯(cuò)亂;take the edge off減弱;turn the edge of挫……的鋒芒
7. as easy as pie 十分容易
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 If you follow the advice Ive given you today, landing a job should be as easy as pie. 如果你按照我今天給你的建議去做,找到工作應(yīng)該是易如反掌。
【拓展】 同義詞短語:as easy as ABC / a piece of cake
Its as easy as ABC for him to solve the maths problem. 對(duì)他來說,解這道數(shù)學(xué)題太容易了。
其他詞組:as clear as day一清二楚;as cool as a cucumber鎮(zhèn)定自若;as sly as a fox老奸巨滑;as tall as a tree很高; as sharp as a spear像長矛一樣鋒利;as hungry as a lion餓極了
8. off the top of ones head 未加思考的,不假思索地,信口地,即興地
【課文原句再現(xiàn)】 This allows you to prepare good answers and means you wont have to answer questions off the top of your head during the interview. 這可以讓你準(zhǔn)備好合適的答案,并意味著在面試時(shí)你不用臨時(shí)倉促應(yīng)答。
【拓展】 talk off the top of ones head即席發(fā)表談話
I cant tell you the answer off the top of my head. 我不經(jīng)考慮無法告訴你答案。
He was famous for answering difficult questions off the top of his head. 他因?yàn)樾趴诨卮痣y題而有名。
(作者:吳濤,南京市第三高級(jí)中學(xué))