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西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié):“小而美”的群文盛宴

2016-04-13 01:01戚永曄
文化交流 2016年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:小而美西溪藝術(shù)節(jié)

●本刊特約記者 戚永曄

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西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié):“小而美”的群文盛宴

●本刊特約記者 戚永曄

杭州西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)演出的藝術(shù)海報(bào)Three posters for plays staged at the Xixi International Arts Festival

很多年前,杭州就被譽(yù)為“休閑之都”,喝茶、逗鳥、游山、玩水、小酌、饕餮,都可以在這座美麗的城市找到你喜歡的地方。惟獨(dú)“看戲”,卻一直是此中所好的杭州人的心頭憾事,很多國際大戲往往過家門而不入,甚至為了“追劇”還不乏跑到上海、北京去的。

在杭州“大而美”的各種休閑節(jié)、博覽會(huì)之外,能不能為“看戲”設(shè)置一出“小而美”的群文盛宴呢?2015年末,在西溪天堂旅游度假區(qū),9臺(tái)國際頂級(jí)大戲、40多場連軸演出;國內(nèi)外廣受好評(píng)、上座率極高的重量級(jí)劇目,長達(dá)兩個(gè)多月不間歇登臺(tái),為杭州的觀眾們帶來全新的藝術(shù)享受。

這,就是“西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)”的精彩而獨(dú)特之處。

原生態(tài):貼近自然的美

為什么要定位西溪,落戶西溪天堂?

對(duì)此,西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)制作人董怡林的回答很簡單:憑借天然的開放空間和濕地風(fēng)光,西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)在這里舉辦,無疑創(chuàng)造了突破傳統(tǒng)劇場邊界的可能性。室內(nèi)演出和大量免費(fèi)觀看的戶外演出和體驗(yàn)活動(dòng)相結(jié)合,是本次藝術(shù)節(jié)的獨(dú)特之處。

事實(shí)上,在藝術(shù)節(jié)期間,有許多戶外演出在西溪天堂公共空間進(jìn)行,無論原本寄情于山水的游客,還是專程前來的文藝愛好者,都可以隨意入園自由觀看,無需購票。而西溪的自然風(fēng)情,給了這些劇目最好的詮釋。

比如2015年10月1日至4日上映的西班牙原生態(tài)弗拉門戈《塔巴羅》就是一例。這種百轉(zhuǎn)千回、性感嫵媚的舞蹈,是西班牙安達(dá)盧西亞地區(qū)的“地標(biāo)文化”,由情歌、舞蹈和吉他彈奏組成,一般也會(huì)加入擊掌、跺腳為舞者擊打節(jié)奏。西班牙女郎頭戴花朵,身著紅黑對(duì)比、群擺寬大的舞裝,象征著這個(gè)國家的熱情與奔放。

西班牙南部的安達(dá)盧西亞長期以來是各種音樂文化的大熔爐,早年希臘、迦太基、羅馬、拜占廷、阿拉伯的居民帶來了地中海邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的音樂,從15世紀(jì)中葉起,吉卜賽人又大量移居此地。因此,在安達(dá)盧西亞既有阿拉伯文化的巨大影響,又有吉卜賽歌舞藝術(shù)的強(qiáng)大魅力,這個(gè)地區(qū)變成了歐洲最具有異國風(fēng)味和人文色彩的地方。正是在這樣的背景下產(chǎn)生了弗拉門戈。

在表演《塔巴羅》時(shí),一群歌手、舞蹈家和吉他手組成弗拉門戈,圍成半圓形,坐在舞臺(tái)的椅子上。演出開始于歌手的喊叫聲、感嘆聲,在觀眾的心中點(diǎn)燃熱情之火。表演中的男子非常注重腳的動(dòng)作,用腳跟敲擊地板時(shí)發(fā)出的節(jié)奏十分清脆。女子的舞蹈則更注重手、腕、臂、腰、臀的動(dòng)作,舞蹈者情不自禁地一面踏地,一面捻手指發(fā)聲,再伴以歌聲、拍手聲、喊叫聲、舞步踢踏聲,互相交錯(cuò)應(yīng)和,與觀眾心心相印,氣氛十分熱烈。

無獨(dú)有偶。11月中旬,中國天津人民藝術(shù)劇院帶來的經(jīng)典《原野》,也是這種原生態(tài)之美的詮釋者之一。《原野》是劇作家曹禺1937年創(chuàng)作的作品,也是曹禺先生最富深意、爭議最多、神秘色彩濃厚的作品,具有表現(xiàn)主義和象征主義的濃郁風(fēng)格特征,明顯有別于其現(xiàn)實(shí)主義經(jīng)典代表作《雷雨》《日出》《北京人》。

此次天津人民藝術(shù)劇院話劇運(yùn)用了全新手法來演繹話劇《原野》這一經(jīng)典劇作,把一個(gè)冤冤相報(bào)、看似簡單,卻蘊(yùn)涵著闊大淵深的人物情感,展現(xiàn)出復(fù)雜的人物性格,從而揭露封建社會(huì)的黑暗,表現(xiàn)被壓迫、被摧殘的農(nóng)民對(duì)美好生活的向往,更深刻地發(fā)掘了人性的復(fù)雜多面性,也從一個(gè)更原生態(tài)、更宏大的視角展現(xiàn)了中國舊時(shí)代農(nóng)村的印象。曹禺之女、該劇編劇萬方說:“我覺得《原野》就應(yīng)該是這個(gè)樣子,劇本中描寫的神秘感、沉重的黑暗、蠻荒的氣氛都在舞臺(tái)上呈現(xiàn)出來了。這正是父親希望看到的《原野》?!?/p>

天津“人藝”的《原野》劇照A still of Wasteland staged by Tianjin People’s Art Troupe at Xixi International Arts Festival

尋浪漫:貼近年輕的美

對(duì)于舉辦這個(gè)藝術(shù)節(jié)的初衷,董怡林表示,最早是因?yàn)槲飨焯糜幸粋€(gè)400座的小劇場,很多藝術(shù)界的朋友特別喜歡,覺得這么優(yōu)美的環(huán)境,應(yīng)該有一個(gè)開放性的藝術(shù)節(jié)。策劃者在先后去了阿維尼翁和愛丁堡之后,更加確定了這樣的想法,他們便開始策劃這樣一個(gè)藝術(shù)節(jié),“杭州有很好的觀眾,我們希望讓藝術(shù)走進(jìn)更多人的生活,讓杭州變成最藝術(shù)的城市”。

一個(gè)“小而美”的藝術(shù)節(jié),因?yàn)楦鞣N藝術(shù)形態(tài)的碰撞,而變得生動(dòng)、飽滿。不同形態(tài)的表演藝術(shù)都在不大的西溪中醞釀發(fā)酵,這里可以屬于文藝青年,也可以屬于白領(lǐng)小資,這里有學(xué)生、背包客,也有帶著孩子的父母。其實(shí),多是一些很平凡,對(duì)戲劇、藝術(shù)有著濃烈興趣和幻想的年輕人。

被譽(yù)為本次國際藝術(shù)節(jié)上最值得一看的,9月底作為“開門紅”上演的蘇格蘭巴羅萊芭蕾舞團(tuán)舞蹈肢體劇《虎生》,就是其中的范例—全劇以舞動(dòng)人生的方式,講述了一個(gè)彼此存在溝通障礙的三口之家的故事。媽媽、爸爸和他們的女兒珀比已經(jīng)無法相愛和互動(dòng)。媽媽著魔似地打掃屋子,爸爸沉浸于工作,他們陷于自己的世界,而未曾注意到女兒的孤獨(dú)與不開心。

某天,一只“老虎”大聲吼叫著進(jìn)入了房間,卻只有珀比和觀眾能夠感知到。舞臺(tái)瞬間變得狂野起來,生命的能量、色彩,音樂和虎圍繞著籠子,在觀眾當(dāng)中的舞動(dòng),把活力帶到每一處。整個(gè)演出結(jié)束于充滿愛與歡笑的時(shí)刻,“老虎”的工作完成了。

除了離奇的情節(jié)外,《虎生》還采取了國內(nèi)戲劇難得一見的“島式舞臺(tái)”的表演空間進(jìn)行演出。舞臺(tái)上,設(shè)有一個(gè)牢籠式的舞臺(tái)裝置,觀眾圍繞四周而坐,使舞臺(tái)與演員、觀眾融為一體,仿佛自己便置身于演出之中,獨(dú)特的內(nèi)容和表現(xiàn)形式,自然叫好叫座,贏得無數(shù)年輕人的點(diǎn)贊。

上圖 西溪天堂藝術(shù)中心,演出在此舉行Xixi Paradise Art Center serves as the major venue for performances.下圖 西溪濕地的自然環(huán)境孕育了獨(dú)特的文化The West Streams Wetland is home to a special culture.

除了精彩的劇目外,40多場包括表演工作坊、戲劇沙龍、圖片展、“演后談”在內(nèi)的衍生活動(dòng),構(gòu)成了西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)豐富而多元的內(nèi)容,也吸引了大量觀眾,尤其是年輕觀眾。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),藝術(shù)節(jié)期間,有6000多名觀眾購票進(jìn)場觀看演出,票房累計(jì)近100萬元。加上免費(fèi)戶外演出和其他互動(dòng)活動(dòng),直接參與藝術(shù)節(jié)活動(dòng)的觀眾近2萬人,影響人群約20萬。

有了這些好戲和優(yōu)秀節(jié)目在“家門口”上演,許多杭州觀眾成為藝術(shù)節(jié)的忠實(shí)粉絲。據(jù)了解,不少觀眾購買套票,或是連看數(shù)部作品。親人、同事、朋友之間的口碑傳播,使得藝術(shù)節(jié)的門票日趨緊俏,一些熱門劇目演出期間,甚至出現(xiàn)了加座和一票難求的盛況。

澳大利亞著名吉他手湯姆·沃德獨(dú)奏音樂會(huì)Tom Ward, a celebreated Australian guitarist, plays at his solo concert at the festival.

來自德國的音樂家Stephan Micus stages a one-man music show at the festival.

國際范:貼近時(shí)代的美

近些年,越來越多有經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的城市為尋求多元化發(fā)展、提升城市影響力而舉辦藝術(shù)節(jié)。上海國際藝術(shù)節(jié)、烏鎮(zhèn)國際戲劇節(jié)等成為帶有城市標(biāo)簽的品牌藝術(shù)節(jié),如何從眾多藝術(shù)節(jié)中突圍而出,是西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)不能回避的問題。

在西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)策展和籌備之初,策劃團(tuán)隊(duì)就明確了自身的差異化定位—以多元為宗旨,以跨界為特色,以獨(dú)立策展為特點(diǎn),結(jié)合西溪天堂眾多室內(nèi)外表演空間引進(jìn)諸多精彩作品,是一個(gè)融合了舞蹈、音樂、戲劇、詩歌和多個(gè)創(chuàng)意板塊的新型藝術(shù)節(jié)。

“國際范”就是其中最值得一提的特點(diǎn),藝術(shù)節(jié)期間,世界音樂也登上西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)的舞臺(tái),眾多世界音樂人集聚在這里,包括德國的多樂器演奏大師史蒂芬·米克斯(Stephan Micus)、印度傳統(tǒng)音樂組合伊瑪目三重奏(Emam Trio)、澳大利亞天才古典吉他手湯姆·沃德(Tom Ward)等主流國際音樂團(tuán)體,還有西班牙庫倫卡劇院經(jīng)典默劇《安德魯與多莉尼》、德國與加拿大聯(lián)合制作的多媒體形體劇場作品《反轉(zhuǎn)地心引力》等來自世界各地的佳作同時(shí)上演。

其中,作為藝術(shù)節(jié)“收官之作”、由英國壁虎劇團(tuán)帶來的《迷失》最為醒目。雖然演出時(shí)間推延到了2016 年1月底,但依然沒有影響杭州觀眾的熱情。

《迷失》是一個(gè)關(guān)于回憶、寬恕、自我的故事,是一個(gè)深入探索個(gè)人靈魂的旅程。故事講述職場精英莉莉表面與常人無異,卻無法正常面對(duì)個(gè)人的感情生活。當(dāng)她意識(shí)到自己的靈魂正在逐漸離開自己,便踏上了重新尋找自我與最初心靈的旅程。從自己的童年生活,到父母的爭吵、人們的相識(shí)與相愛,當(dāng)她重拾遺失的真相時(shí),卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一切記憶都被顛覆了。因?qū)ι畹木恃堇[,《迷失》受到無數(shù)人的熱捧。

如果說2015年西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)只是初試啼聲,那么這個(gè)已經(jīng)令人矚目的藝術(shù)節(jié)2016年能否精彩再來?在首屆西溪國際藝術(shù)節(jié)閉幕式現(xiàn)場,西溪天堂已經(jīng)給出了答案。

我們有理由相信,這一“小而美”的盛宴,才剛剛開始。

Wetland in Hangzhou Hosts First International Art Festival

By Qi Yongye, our special reporter

Over years, many visiting international troupes did not consider Hangzhou important enough to include it in their tours of China. In order to see big performances, some local theatergoers in Hangzhou had to go all the way to Shanghai and even Beijing. Their dissatisfaction about this imperfection of their hometown came symbolically to an end in the last months of 2015 when the curtains on Xixi (West Streams) International Arts Festival were raised in Hangzhou. For about three months, nine plays werestaged by first-class troupes and artists from 21 countries and regions and over 40 events were held including saloons, talk shows, photo exhibitions and performance workshops. West Streams, a national wetland park in the west of Hangzhou, served as the venue for this first-ever theater-themed international festival in Hangzhou.

The initiative for the festival came from Dong Yilin, who acted as the producer of the festival. The West Streams Paradise, a special leisure-themed tourism and vacation zone, has a 400-seat theater, among other facilities. Local artists like the theater and the wetland park very much, thinking it was an ideal venue for an international art festival. After a visit to Edinburgh and Avignon in 2015, Dong and his colleagues were certain that an art festival was a good idea for the city of Hangzhou. “People in Hangzhou do appreciate art. We want art to be an integral part of the city’s life and we want to turn Hangzhou into a city of art,” comments Dong.

They raised funds and started the work quietly without much fuss. Unlike some big cultural events which are often sponsored and funded to various degrees by the city government, this festival was made financially possible by private funds. The organizers held no publicity campaigns on mainstream media. The festival allured theatergoers by word of mouth and through internet social media.

《塔巴羅》演出現(xiàn)場,營造出自由奔放的演出氛圍。La Petite Grand puts up a tent show at the festival in Hangzhou.

The festival pulled in local theatergoers as well as students, tourists, young parents and their kids, white-collar workers, and young enthusiasts fascinated with art, literature and theater. Some even bought package tickets and some watched plays one after another. The festival was nothing fancy. It was small and beautiful, offering visitors an opportunity to see the beauty of various arts in various styles. Incomplete data indicate that over 6,000 theatergoers paid nearly one million yuan in total to watch performances staged at the festival. About 20,000 visitors were directly involved in free-of-charge outdoor performances and other events. Indirectly, about 200,000 people were engaged.

中國國家話劇院帶來的經(jīng)典名劇《紅色》Red, a classic play by the China National Drama Troupe at the festival

They were not disappointed. Some were even thrilled. In hindsight, many audience members agree that they liked Tiger & Tiger Tale most. The dance was presented by Barrowland Ballet of Scotland. The amazing performance left everyone smile. The play was unique also because it was performed in a big cage and audience sat around the cage to watch. Kabul, one of the most successful plays at 2014 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, was welcomed in Hangzhou. Staged by Brazilian theater group AMOK Teatro, it examined the lives under the iron rule of the Taliban.

The last show was the avant-garde dance drama Missing by the Gecko Theater about a soul searching journey. It was staged in Hangzhou in January 2016. Though the arrival of the theater was a little bit away from the main events of the festival, it still attracted a lot of local theatergoers.

During the festival, many international musicians performed, including Stephan Micus who was a one-man music show playing various instruments, Emem Trio who played traditional Indian music, Tom Ward who was a young guitar talent from Australia.

The success of the first festival makes people wonder what they will see at the second annual event in 2016. Some art events, theater festivals and shows supported by private funds have folded. The organizers of the festival know that the secret of future success is stamina. They will continue to work together with Edinburgh Fringe Showcase and they will pick performances in London, Hong Kong, Yokohama, and Berlin. Moreover, there will be performances for children, plays created by young talents, films by independent filmmakers. The city’s government is going to help out with some funds for the next festival in 2016.

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