董笑 李琦
?
轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Klfs家族影響肝細(xì)胞癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的機(jī)制研究進(jìn)展*
董笑李琦
摘要肝細(xì)胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是我國(guó)常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一,死亡率高,其發(fā)生與發(fā)展的具體分子機(jī)制尚不明確。Krüppel樣因子家族(Klfs)是具有鋅指結(jié)構(gòu)的高度保守的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族,共包括17個(gè)家族成員。近年來(lái),關(guān)于Klfs與肝癌發(fā)病機(jī)制的研究不斷深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)Klf2、Klf4、Klf5等家族成員參與肝癌細(xì)胞的增殖、分化和浸潤(rùn)轉(zhuǎn)移等過(guò)程。本文就Klfs家族成員的功能以及在肝癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行綜述。
關(guān)鍵詞轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Krüppel樣因子肝細(xì)胞癌抑癌基因癌基因
作者單位:上海交通大學(xué)附屬第一人民醫(yī)院腫瘤中心(上海市200080)
*本文課題受國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):81272714,81572310)資助
原發(fā)性肝癌是最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一,死亡率高,預(yù)后極差,據(jù)WHO統(tǒng)計(jì),2012年占惡性腫瘤死亡率第2位,50%以上的肝癌病例發(fā)生在中國(guó)[1]。肝細(xì)胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是最常見(jiàn)的原發(fā)性肝癌病理類型,占肝癌總數(shù)的75%~80%。雖然已有研究表明,HGF/c-MET、RAF/MEK/ERK等信號(hào)通路的活化參與了HCC的發(fā)生、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[2],但這些通路的上游轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控機(jī)制尚不明確。
HCC的演進(jìn)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)期、多因素參與的過(guò)程,其中涉及的分子機(jī)制可能包括:1)間質(zhì)微環(huán)境的改變:如細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)組成成分的改變及蛋白水解酶活力的增強(qiáng);2)腫瘤相關(guān)基因的突變:如p21、p53基因等;3)細(xì)胞信號(hào)通路異常:如影響細(xì)胞分化和發(fā)育的Hedgehog通路;影響細(xì)胞增殖的HGF/HGFR、RAS/ RAF/MEK/ERK和PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路;影響腫瘤上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)過(guò)程的Wnt/β-catenin通路、VEGF/VEGFR通路等。而Klfs家族作為這些通路的上游轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控分子,在肝癌的發(fā)生與發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要的作用。
Klfs家族相同的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)為羧基末端具有高度保守的串聯(lián)的C2H2鋅指結(jié)構(gòu),由2個(gè)半胱氨酸和2個(gè)組氨酸殘基構(gòu)成,通過(guò)鋅指結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合到目標(biāo)靶基因序列上相似的GC/GT/CACCC位點(diǎn),發(fā)揮特定的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控功能。而Klfs家族的氨基末端大都不同,可以結(jié)合不同的激活因子與抑制因子,這就導(dǎo)致了Klfs家族成員功能的多樣性。Klfs家族成員通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控下游靶基因的表達(dá)而在細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、增殖、分化和凋亡過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。目前,已報(bào)道共有7個(gè)Klfs家族成員(Klf2、Klf4、Klf5、Klf6、Klf8、Klf9、Klf17)參與肝癌的發(fā)生與進(jìn)展[3-9]。
2.1 Klf4與肝癌
Klf4主要在胃腸道、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中表達(dá),故稱“胃腸富集型Klf”。在不同的腫瘤中,Klf4發(fā)揮不同的調(diào)節(jié)作用。在食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、腸癌等多種腫瘤中,Klf4發(fā)揮抑癌基因的作用[10-14]。研究表明Klf4主要通過(guò)以下機(jī)制發(fā)揮抑癌基因作用:1)抑制Wnt/β-catenin信號(hào)通路[15];2)上調(diào)Notch通路抑制腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展[16];3)抑制腫瘤EMT[14]:此過(guò)程涉及多種信號(hào)通路,主要包括ERK通路活化、PI3K/AKT、Wnt/β-catenin信號(hào)通路、NF-κB通路、VEGF通路、TGF-β等,參與APC信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路;4)誘導(dǎo)腫瘤干細(xì)胞增殖[17];5)激活p53、p21等抑癌基因[18]。
Klf4的表達(dá)水平與肝癌細(xì)胞分化程度相關(guān)。Hsu等[18]發(fā)現(xiàn)高分化肝癌細(xì)胞中細(xì)胞增殖指數(shù)Ki-67更低,Kaplan-Meier分析顯示Klf4高表達(dá)的肝癌細(xì)胞分化程度較高且5年生存率較高。Sun等[4]研究表明Klf4通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)核因子6(HNF6)表達(dá)提高肝癌細(xì)胞分化能力。Zhou等[19]構(gòu)建特征性Klf4非編碼轉(zhuǎn)錄體即Klf4-003,其表達(dá)下降與肝癌復(fù)發(fā)相關(guān),去甲基化處理后可恢復(fù)Klf4-003的表達(dá)。
Klf4通過(guò)上調(diào)下游靶基因及金屬蛋白酶的表達(dá)抑制EMT過(guò)程。Sureban等[20]證實(shí)敲除肝癌細(xì)胞中的腫瘤干細(xì)胞標(biāo)記物DCLK1(tumor stem cell marker double cortin-like kinase1)后,Klf4表達(dá)下降,同時(shí)EMT過(guò)程的抑制因子miR-200家族表達(dá)下降;Klf4被誘導(dǎo)過(guò)表達(dá)后,miR-200家族成員miR-200a、miR-200b、miR-200c表達(dá)明顯升高,其機(jī)制為Klf4基因可直接與miR-200家族啟動(dòng)子區(qū)結(jié)合,轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控miR-200家族的表達(dá)。Sung等[21]首次證實(shí)在具高度侵襲性的肝癌細(xì)胞中過(guò)表達(dá)Klf4后,金屬蛋白酶抑制劑TIMP-1和TIMP-2表達(dá)上調(diào),抑制EMT過(guò)程。Li等[11]在肝癌的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),Klf4是一種抑癌基因,轉(zhuǎn)染Klf4基因的肝癌細(xì)胞增殖明顯受到抑制,亦影響了EMT相關(guān)標(biāo)記物的表達(dá)。Klf4基因還通過(guò)結(jié)合維生素D3受體(VDR)啟動(dòng)子區(qū),直接轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控VDR基因的表達(dá)。Klf4基因外顯子區(qū)域高甲基化導(dǎo)致其表達(dá)缺失,抑制了VDR的表達(dá)活性,使VitD3-VDR抗肝癌細(xì)胞增殖效應(yīng)的作用下降,影響了肝癌的發(fā)生、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移等生物學(xué)特性。
2.2 Klf6與肝癌
2.2.1 Klf6結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊性Klf6基因位于10p15,由4個(gè)外顯子構(gòu)成,除羧基末端3個(gè)高度保守的鋅指結(jié)構(gòu)域外,氨基末端還包含1個(gè)絲氨酸/蘇氨酸富集及1個(gè)酸性結(jié)構(gòu)域,具有轉(zhuǎn)錄激活功能。Klf6在胎盤中高度表達(dá),被認(rèn)為是癌胚抗原基因家族。Klf6基因有3個(gè)剪接變異體(SV1、SV2、SV3)。在前列腺癌、神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤、結(jié)直腸癌、肝癌等惡性腫瘤中Klf6是一種腫瘤抑制因子,不同的剪接變異體可以在不同腫瘤的起源、發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮不同作用[22-23]。
2.2.2 Klf6在肝癌中的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制Klf6 SV1在肝癌組織中表達(dá)升高,被認(rèn)為是促癌基因[24-25],而Klf6 SV2的作用仍存在爭(zhēng)議。Zhou等[6]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在肝癌組織及細(xì)胞系中,Klf6 SV2表達(dá)水平較正常組織中升高。Sirach等[26]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Klf6基因敲除后,肝癌細(xì)胞中Rb磷酸化水平和Bcl-xL表達(dá)明顯被抑制,從而產(chǎn)生抗細(xì)胞增殖和促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡的作用。由于此研究使用的siRNA序列與野生型Klf6及其變異體相似,故敲除Klf6基因產(chǎn)生的抗癌作用應(yīng)歸因于SV1的非特異性敲除。另外,其他大多數(shù)研究表明野生型Klf6、Klf6 SV2是抑癌因子,在肝癌組織及細(xì)胞系中發(fā)揮抗細(xì)胞增殖、促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡的作用[23,27-30]。
Klf6可調(diào)節(jié)多種參與肝癌發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程中的基因。研究表明,野生型Klf6和Klf6 SV2可以增強(qiáng)其下游靶基因p21的表達(dá),發(fā)揮抑癌作用[31],而SV1抑制p21的表達(dá),促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞增殖[32]。Liang等[24]發(fā)現(xiàn)Klf6-FL(full-length)可以抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖、遷移,而SV1與其有相反作用。利用生物學(xué)及熒光素酶標(biāo)記法篩查出Klf6-FL是miR-1301和miR-210的靶基因,肝癌組織標(biāo)本中存在miR-1301過(guò)表達(dá)及miR-1301基因甲基化和乙?;?。Lee等[27]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Klf6基因抑制癌基因PTTG1轉(zhuǎn)錄過(guò)程。敲除Klf6后,因PTTG1表達(dá)上調(diào)導(dǎo)致肝癌細(xì)胞增殖。Tarocchi等[29]發(fā)現(xiàn)Klf6抑制MDM2蛋白的表達(dá),并下調(diào)p53基因的活性或減少p53基因的表達(dá),發(fā)揮抑制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的作用。
2.3 Klf8與肝癌
目前的研究表明Klf8是肝細(xì)胞癌的促癌基因[7,33- 34]。Han等[33]認(rèn)為肝癌浸潤(rùn)及轉(zhuǎn)移首先是MMPs等基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),進(jìn)而癌細(xì)胞通過(guò)EMT過(guò)程從原發(fā)病灶脫離,進(jìn)入周圍組織和血液、淋巴循環(huán),發(fā)生浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移。MMP-9是MMP家族中的一員,具有降解變性膠原和Ⅳ型膠原蛋白的功能,與肝癌的進(jìn)展及低生存率密切相關(guān)。研究顯示,Klf8蛋白表達(dá)水平與MMP-9含量呈正相關(guān)[33],這表明MMP-9可能是Klf8的下游靶基因,上調(diào)Klf8基因的表達(dá)導(dǎo)致肝癌細(xì)胞株MMP-9的活性增加,促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)及轉(zhuǎn)移。相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),肝癌組織Klf8的表達(dá)水平與黏著斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,F(xiàn)AK)表達(dá)水平呈正相關(guān)[33],F(xiàn)AK基因過(guò)表達(dá)可促進(jìn)肝癌的轉(zhuǎn)移,這表明Klf8可能受FAK調(diào)控,但具體信號(hào)通路機(jī)制尚不明確。成撒諾等[34]研究表明Klf8基因在肝癌中參與調(diào)控血管生成,即Klf8通過(guò)PI3K/ AKT信號(hào)通路誘導(dǎo)VEGF的表達(dá),Klf8高表達(dá)的肝癌細(xì)胞具有更強(qiáng)的誘導(dǎo)新血管生成潛能。Yang等[7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Klf8及β-catenin蛋白表達(dá)水平在高分化肝癌中顯著升高,進(jìn)一步研究提示Klf8參與了腫瘤浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中的重要信號(hào)通路-Wnt/β-catenin的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控。一方面,Wnt3a可以刺激Klf8表達(dá)水平升高;另一方面Klf8過(guò)表達(dá)提高了β-catenin對(duì)TCF4(T-cell factor 4)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的招募能力,進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)Wnt/β-catenin信號(hào)通路靶基因c-Myc、cyclin D1及Axin1表達(dá)。
2.4 Klf17與肝癌
Liu等[9]分析了60例肝癌組織中Klf17表達(dá)水平與生存率之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示Klf17高表達(dá)、低表達(dá)患者5年生存率分別為63%、41%(P=0.034)。Klf17低表達(dá)組中,發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的概率更高。Sun等[35]發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-9過(guò)表達(dá)促進(jìn)肝癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤(rùn),HepG2肝癌細(xì)胞中miR-9表達(dá)水平較正常肝細(xì)胞增高1 000倍,利用熒光素酶分析顯示miR-9通過(guò)結(jié)合Klf17基因3'UTR抑制Klf17基因表達(dá),共轉(zhuǎn)染miR-9后,Hep12肝癌細(xì)胞中Klf17蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào);抑制miR-9表達(dá)后,則Klf17蛋白表達(dá)上調(diào)。Klf17直接結(jié)合波形蛋白、ZO-1、S粘連蛋白的啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域,通過(guò)上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程,抑制肝癌浸潤(rùn)與遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。
3.1 Klf2與肝癌
有關(guān)Klf2基因與肝癌的關(guān)系研究甚少。Huang等[3]研究顯示,Klf2基因過(guò)表達(dá)可以抑制肝癌細(xì)胞增殖、促進(jìn)肝癌細(xì)胞凋亡。長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)TUG1在肝癌組織中表達(dá)上調(diào),通過(guò)結(jié)合EZH2和SUZ12抑制Klf2轉(zhuǎn)錄過(guò)程。
3.2 Klf5與肝癌
Shibata等[36]利用全基因測(cè)序方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)10%~30%肝癌細(xì)胞中存在Wnt/β-catenin信號(hào)通路的關(guān)鍵調(diào)節(jié)因子CTNNB1外顯子的突變,CD44和c-Myc蛋白恰是CTNNB1外顯子的作用靶點(diǎn),此通路的異?;罨龠M(jìn)肝癌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)。Klf5基因可以間接調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤干細(xì)胞(cancer stem-like cells,CSCs)標(biāo)志物CD44表達(dá),促成CSCs的惡性生物學(xué)行為[36-37]。Liu等[38]進(jìn)一步提出在肝癌細(xì)胞株MHCC97的侵襲與遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中存在c-Myc/miR-17-5p反饋環(huán)路。
3.3 Klf9與肝癌
據(jù)Fu等[39]報(bào)道,肝癌組織中Klf9 mRNA及Klf9蛋白表達(dá)水平均降低,HepG2細(xì)胞中Klf9表達(dá)上調(diào)具有抗增殖、促凋亡的作用。程序性死亡蛋白5 (PDCD5)作為一個(gè)凋亡促進(jìn)因子,可以直接與Klf9基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)3'端的131~692 bp結(jié)構(gòu)域結(jié)合繼而上調(diào)Klf9的表達(dá)。Klf9高表達(dá)的患者不易發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移。Sun等[8]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Klf9基因可結(jié)合p53基因啟動(dòng)子而上調(diào)p53表達(dá)水平。該研究的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)亦證實(shí)Klf9過(guò)表達(dá)可明顯抑制肝癌的發(fā)展。以上研究均表明Klf9基因在肝癌的發(fā)生與發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮抑癌作用。
目前關(guān)于Klf家族在肝癌發(fā)生與發(fā)展過(guò)程中調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究并不全面,Klf的17個(gè)家族成員中僅7個(gè)成員與肝癌相關(guān)。而這7個(gè)成員之間的相互作用機(jī)制尚不明確,亦缺乏有關(guān)其他成員在肝癌演進(jìn)過(guò)程中的研究。另外,關(guān)于miRNA、LncRNA與Klf家族的關(guān)系亦缺乏深入探討。期待發(fā)掘其他參與肝癌進(jìn)展的Klf家族成員,這可能為肝癌的分子診斷和藥物診療提供新的方向。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al.Global cancer statistics, 2012[J].CA Cancer J clin, 2015, 65(2):87-108.
[2] Whittaker S, Marais R, Zhu AX.The role of signaling pathways in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Oncogene, 2010, 29(36):4989-5005.
[3] Huang MD, Chen WM, Qi FZ, et al.Long non-coding RNA TUG1 is up- regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes cell growth and apoptosis by epigenetically silencing of klf2[J].Molecular Cancer, 2015, 14:165.
[4] Sun H, Tang H, Xie D, et al.Kruppel-like factor 4 blocks hepatocellular carcinoma dedifferentiation and progression through activation of hepatocyte nuclear factor-6[J].Clin Cancer Res, 2016, 22(2):502-512.
[5] Maehara O, Sato F, Natsuizaka M, et al.A pivotal role of kruppellike factor 5 in regulation of cancer stem-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Cancer Biol Ther, 2015, 16(10):1453-1461.
[6] Zhou ZZ, Tian DA, Xia LM, et al.New candidate tumor-suppressor gene klf6 and its splice variant klf6 sv2 counterbalancing expression in primary hepatocarcinoma[J].Hepatogastroenterology, 2012, 59(114):473-476.
[7] Yang T, Cai SY, Zhang J, et al.Kruppel-like factor 8 is a new wnt/beta-catenin signaling target gene and regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].PloS One, 2012, 7(6):e39668.
[8] Sun J, Wang B, Liu Y, et al.Transcription factor klf9 suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo and positively regulates p53 expression[J].Cancer Lett, 2014, 355(1):25-33.
[9] Liu FY, Deng YL, Li Y, et al.Down-regulated klf17 expression is associated with tumor invasion and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Med Oncol, 2013, 30(1):425.
[10] Li D, Peng Z, Tang H, et al.KLF4-mediated negative regulation of IFITM3 expression plays a critical role in colon cancer pathogenesis [J].Clin Cancer Res, 2011, 17(11):3558-3568.
[11] Li Q, Gao Y, Jia Z, et al.Dysregulated Kruppel-like factor 4 and vitamin D receptor signaling contribute to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Gastroenterology, 2012, 143(3):799-810.
[12] He H, Li S, Hong Y, et al.Kruppel-like factor 4 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma differentiation by up-regulating keratin 13 expression[J].J Biol Chem, 2015, 290(21):13567-13577.
[13] Yan C, Yu J, Liu Y, et al.Mir-32 promotes gastric carcinoma tumorigenesis by targeting kruppel-like factor 4[J].Biochem Biophys ResCommun, 2015, 467(4):913-920.
[14] Muir KR, Lima MJ, Docherty HM, et al.Kruppel-like factor 4 overexpression initiates a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and redifferentiation of human pancreatic cells following expansion in long term adherent culture[J].PloS One, 2015, 10(10):e0140352.
[15] Yu T, Chen X, Zhang W, et al.Regulation of the potential marker for intestinal cells,Bmi1,by beta- catenin and the zinc finger protein KLF4: implications for colon cancer[J].J Biol Chem, 2012, 287(6): 3760-3768.
[16] Ghaleb AM, Aggarwal G, Bialkowska AB, et al.Notch inhibits expression of the Kruppel-like factor 4 tumor suppressor in the intestinal epithelium[J].Mol Cancer Res, 2008, 6(12):1920-1927.
[17] Naranjo GJ, Bernal JF, Arranz PG, et al.Alterations in the expression of p53, KLF4, and p21 in neuroendocrine lung tumors[J].Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2014, 138(7):936-942.
[18] Hsu HT, Wu PR, Chen CJ, et al.High cytoplasmic expression of kruppel-like factor 4 is an independent prognostic factor of better survival in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Int J Mol Sci, 2014, 15(6):9894-9906.
[19] Zhou J, Lai PB, Tsui SK.Identification of a non-coding klf4 transcript generated from intron retention and downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Int J Oncol, 2015, 47(4):1554-1562.
[20] Sureban SM, Madhoun MF, May R, et al.Plasma DCLK1 is a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Targeting DCLK1 prevents HCC tumor xenograft growth via a microRNA-dependent mechanism[J].Oncotarget, 2015, 6(35):37200-37215.
[21] Sung MT, Hsu HT, Lee CC, et al.Krüppel-like factor 4 modulates the migration and invasion of hepatoma cells by suppressing timp-1 and timp-2[J].Oncology Reports, 2015, 34(1):439-446.
[22] Andreoli V, Gehrau RC, Bocco JL.Biology of kruppel-like factor 6 transcriptional regulator in cell life and death[J].IUBMB life, 2010, 62(12):896-905.
[23] Tetreault MP, Yang Y, Katz JP.Kruppel-like factors in cancer[J].Nat Rev Cancer, 2013, 13(10):701-713.
[24] Liang WC, Wang Y, Xiao LJ, et al.Identification of miRNAs that specifically target tumor suppressive KLF6-FL rather than oncogenic KLF6-SV1 isoform[J].RNA Biol, 2014, 11(7):845-854.
[25] Vetter D, Cohen-Naftaly M, Villanueva A, et al.Enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis in mouse models and human hepatocellular carcinoma by coordinate klf6 depletion and increased messenger rna splicing [J].Hepatology, 2012, 56(4):1361-1370.
[26] Sirach E, Bureau C, Peron JM, et al.Klf6 transcription factor protects hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells from apoptosis[J].Cell Death Differ, 2007, 14(6):1202-1210.
[27] Lee UE, Ghiassi-Nejad Z, Paris AJ, et al.Tumor suppressor activity of KLF6 mediated by down regulation of the PTTG1 oncogene[J].FEBS letters, 2010, 584(5):1006-1010.
[28] Wang S, Kang L, Chen X, et al.Frequent down-regulation and deletion of klf6 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma[J].J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci, 2010, 30(4):470-476.
[29] Tarocchi M, Hannivoort R, Hoshida Y, et al.Carcinogen-induced hepatic tumors in klf6+/- mice recapitulate aggressive human hepatocellular carcinoma associated with p53 pathway deregulation[J].Hepatology, 2011, 54(2):522-531.
[30] Hanoun N, Bureau C, Diab T, et al.The sv2 variant of klf6 is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and displays anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic functions[J].J Hepatol, 2010, 53(5):880-888.[31] Lang UE, Kocabayoglu P, Cheng GZ, et al.Gsk3beta phosphorylation of the klf6 tumor suppressor promotes its transactivation of p21 [J].Oncogene, 2013, 32(38):4557-4564.
[32] Mu?oz ú, Puche JE, Hannivoort R, et al.Hepatocyte growth factor enhances alternative splicing of the kruppel-like factor 6 (klf6) tumor suppressor to promote growth through srsf1[J].Mol Cancer Res, 2012, 10(9):1216-1227.
[33] Han S, Han L, Sun H, et al.Kruppel like factor expression and correlation with FAK, MMP9 and Ecadherin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Mol Med Rep, 2013, 8(1):81-88.
[34] Cheng SN, Dai XB, Xu YL, et al.Krüppel-like transcription factor 8 regulates VEGFA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma through PI3K/Akt signal pathway[J].Tumor, 2014, 12(34):1075-1081.[成撒諾,戴曉波,徐亞麗,等.Krüppel樣轉(zhuǎn)錄因子8在肝細(xì)胞癌中經(jīng)PI3K/ Akt通路調(diào)控VEGFA的表達(dá)[J].腫瘤,2014,34(12):1075-1081.]
[35] Sun Z, Han Q, Zhou N, et al.Microrna-9 enhances migration and invasion through klf17 in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Mol Oncol, 2013, 7(5):884-894.
[36] Shibata T, Aburatani H.Exploration of liver cancer genomes[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2014, 11(6):340-349.
[37] Maehara O, Sato F, Natsuizaka M, et al.A pivotal role of kruppellike factor 5 in regulation of cancer stem-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Cancer Biol Ther, 2015, 16(10):1453-1461.
[38] Liu D, Dong L, Liu Y, et al.A c-myc/mir-17-5p feedback loop regulates metastasis and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Tumour Biol, 2015[Epub ahead of print].
[39] Fu DZ, Cheng Y, He H, et al.The fate of kruppel-like factor 9-positive hepatic carcinoma cells may be determined by the programmed cell death protein 5[J].Int J Oncol, 2014, 44(1):153-160.
(2016-01-12收稿)
(2016-03-30修回)
Mechanism of transcription factors KLFs in the occurrence and development of HCC
Xiao DONG, Qi LI
Correspondence to: Qi LI, E-mail: Leeqi2001@hotmail.com
Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81272714 and 81572310)
AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal human cancers in China.The specific molecular mechanism of its occurrence and development is unclear.Krüppel-like factor family (KLF), which includes 17 members, is a highly conserved transcription factor family with zinc finger structure.The mechanism of KLFs and the pathogenesis of HCC have been studied in recent years.Research revealed that KLF2, KLF4, KLF5, and other KLF family members could be involved in the progression of proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC.This review summarizes the function and the mechanism of transcription factors KLF in the occurrence and development of HCC.
Keywords:transcription factors, Krüppel-like factor, hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor suppressor gene, oncogene
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2016.08.047
通信作者:李琦Leeqi2001@hotmail.com
作者簡(jiǎn)介
董笑專業(yè)方向?yàn)槟[瘤分子靶向治療。
E-mail:dongxiao92@outlook.com
·國(guó)家基金研究進(jìn)展綜述·