Solaris，Singapore

主持T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Sdn. Bhd.事務(wù)所，是建筑師，也是生態(tài)學(xué)家，以獨(dú)特的生態(tài)建筑聞名，且為全球綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)權(quán)威。他曾求學(xué)于英國(guó)AA建筑學(xué)院，取得劍橋大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。他擁有美國(guó)伊利諾大學(xué)杰出普立姆教授資格，撰寫超過12本有關(guān)綠色建筑的書籍；并屢獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，如阿卡汗獎(jiǎng)、馬來西亞建筑師協(xié)會(huì)金牌及馬來西亞官方默迪卡獎(jiǎng)；曾獲英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》“拯救地球的五十能人之一”。

Solaris位于新加坡中部One-north科技園內(nèi)，這棟建筑是整個(gè)園區(qū)一期的標(biāo)桿項(xiàng)目。啟匯城（Fusionopolis）是旨在信息通信技術(shù)、媒體、物理科學(xué)與工程等領(lǐng)域有所創(chuàng)新的企業(yè)研發(fā)中心，混合了多種用途的總平面由扎哈·哈迪德建筑師事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)。

Solaris由兩棟塔樓組成，中間是一個(gè)可自然通風(fēng)的巨大中庭，辦公樓層通過中庭上方一系列空中連橋連接。與當(dāng)?shù)氐钠渌?xiàng)目相比，這座建筑的整體能耗降低了33%，目標(biāo)是超過新加坡綠色建筑認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)白金級(jí)，這是新加坡可持續(xù)建筑的最高認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（就像LEED、綠建、BREEAM等）。Solaris 擁有超過8 000m2的景觀綠化，其植被面積甚至超出了建筑原有場(chǎng)地的面積。項(xiàng)目建成后，在2009年9月被評(píng)為新加坡綠色建筑認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)白金級(jí)。

Solaris是探索用生態(tài)方法進(jìn)行建筑設(shè)計(jì)可能性的范例。該建筑通過引入開放的互動(dòng)空間，創(chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用天窗、庭院的自然采光和通風(fēng)，以及連續(xù)的螺旋形景觀斜坡成為One-north園區(qū)充滿活力的焦點(diǎn)。向馬路對(duì)面One-north公園的延伸把不斷升高的屋頂花園與穿插在建筑外立面上的空中露臺(tái)結(jié)合在一起，形成了生態(tài)連接。憑借其大量的生態(tài)設(shè)施、可持續(xù)的設(shè)計(jì)手法和創(chuàng)新的垂直綠化的理念，Solaris完善了現(xiàn)有場(chǎng)地的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，而不是取代它們。

連續(xù)的周邊景觀斜坡

一個(gè)長(zhǎng)1.5km、不間斷的生態(tài)骨架將相鄰的One-north公園和生態(tài)細(xì)胞與建筑頂部層疊的屋頂花園聯(lián)系起來，斜坡的最小寬度是3m。螺旋形景觀斜坡的維護(hù)是通過一條平行的路徑實(shí)現(xiàn)的，不需要進(jìn)入租戶的內(nèi)部空間就能夠進(jìn)行種植服務(wù)。這條路徑還起到了連接地面到最上層屋頂區(qū)域的線性公園的作用。連續(xù)的景觀是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)理念的核心內(nèi)容，因?yàn)樗试S建筑物內(nèi)的有機(jī)體和植物物種可以在所有綠化區(qū)域內(nèi)游動(dòng)，加強(qiáng)了生物多樣性，促進(jìn)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的整體健康。斜坡憑借其厚重的綠蔭和密集的陰生植物，還是整體建筑立面冷卻的一個(gè)要素。這個(gè)生態(tài)設(shè)施為住戶提供了兼具社會(huì)性、互動(dòng)和創(chuàng)造性的環(huán)境，同時(shí)在非有機(jī)的既有形式和更加有機(jī)的體量之間達(dá)到一個(gè)平衡。

陽光豎井

從A座上部樓層穿過的一條斜向井道讓自然光可以直達(dá)建筑深處。內(nèi)部照明傳感器系統(tǒng)會(huì)在自然光照度足夠明亮的時(shí)候自動(dòng)關(guān)掉燈具，以減少能源使用。陽光豎井內(nèi)的園林花架提升了周邊空間的品質(zhì)，也使得從下面街道向上到建筑擁有良好的景觀。

生態(tài)細(xì)胞

生態(tài)細(xì)胞位于建筑物的東北角螺旋斜坡與地面相接的地方，它可以讓植物、自然的光和風(fēng)一直延伸到下部停放車輛的樓層。最下面的生態(tài)細(xì)胞包含了雨水回收系統(tǒng)的水池和泵房。

自然通風(fēng)和采光的大中庭

兩棟塔樓之間的公共廣場(chǎng)為社區(qū)活動(dòng)和創(chuàng)造性的表演提供了空間。首層中庭沒有設(shè)置空調(diào)，可通過上方可調(diào)節(jié)的玻璃百葉屋頂形成不同的模式，既可以遮風(fēng)避雨，也可以在必要的時(shí)候提供足夠的通風(fēng)量。中庭的熱環(huán)境和風(fēng)速均經(jīng)過CFD（計(jì)算機(jī)流體動(dòng)力學(xué)）模擬分析，并將研究結(jié)果用于優(yōu)化中庭的立面設(shè)計(jì)，以改善空氣流量并提高舒適度。

口袋廣場(chǎng)

首層廣場(chǎng)與對(duì)面的One-north公園的景觀相連，形成穿堂風(fēng)，并為社交與互動(dòng)活動(dòng)提供場(chǎng)所。

大量的遮陽百葉

本項(xiàng)目的立面設(shè)計(jì)源于對(duì)太陽路徑的分析。新加坡在赤道上，太陽路徑幾乎是完全橫貫東西。通過分析確定立面上遮陽百葉的形狀和深度，這一策略進(jìn)一步減少了立面雙層Low-E玻璃的熱量傳遞，外部傳熱系數(shù)僅為39watts/m2。在與螺旋形景觀斜坡、空中花園和大挑檐銜接的地方，遮陽百葉還有助于在建筑外圍的居住空間中形成舒適的微氣候，其百葉的直線長(zhǎng)度超過10km。

屋頂花園和角部的空中露臺(tái)

垂直綠化起到了熱緩沖的作用，并且創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)放松和活動(dòng)的空間。大量的花園為居住者提供了與自然互動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)，創(chuàng)造了體驗(yàn)外部環(huán)境、欣賞園區(qū)綠色的空間。在大樓每個(gè)角部，螺旋形斜坡擴(kuò)展成寬敞的雙層空中露臺(tái)。建成后，該項(xiàng)目的綠化面積之和超過了建筑的基地面積。

雨水回收

該建筑巨大的景觀面積是通過龐大的雨水回收系統(tǒng)來灌溉的。雨水從外圍景觀斜坡的排水溝及B座屋頂?shù)暮缥脚潘占鎯?chǔ)在屋頂水箱和生態(tài)細(xì)胞下面的最底層。通過雨水的循環(huán)可提供超過700m3的庫容，可供五天灌溉用水。（譯/馬琴，校/吳春花）

Solaris is located in the research and business park in central Singapores one-north community. The building is proving to be the flagship on this locality. Fusionopolis is an R&D; hub for Info-communication Technology， Media， Physical Sciences & Engineering sectors which is intended to facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship in these fields. The masterplan for the visionary mixed-use development was prepared by Zaha Hadid Architects.

Solaris comprises two tower blocks separated by a grand naturally-ventilated central atrium. Office floors are linked by a series of sky bridges which span the atrium at upper floors. The buildings overall energy consumption will represent a reduction of over 33% compared to local precedents and the project is on target to exceed BCAs GreenMark Platinum rating， the highest possible certification granted by Singapores sustainable building benchmark （eg. LEED， GreenStar， BREEAM， etc.）. With over 8000 sq.m. landscaping， Solaris introduces vegetation which exceeds the area of the buildings original site.

In September 2009， Solaris was awarded a Green Mark Platinum rating， the highest level of certification granted by BCAs Green Mark.

Solaris stands as a dramatic demonstration of the possibilities inherent in an ecological approach to building design. The building will become a vibrant focal point for the one-north community through the introduction of open interactive spaces， creative use of skylights and courtyards for natural light and ventilation and a continuous spiral landscaped ramp， an extension of one-north Park across the street， which forms an ecological nexus tying together an escalating sequence roof gardens with sky terraces that interpenetrate the buildings facade. With its extensive eco-infrastructure， sustainable design features and innovative vertical green concept， Solaris strives to enhance its sites existing ecosystems， rather than replace them.

Continuous Perimeter Landscaped Ramp

An uninterrupted 1.5 km long ecological armature connects the adjacent one-north Park at ground level and the basement Eco-cell with the cascading sequence of roof-gardens at the buildings highest levels. The ramp has a minimum width of 3m. Maintenance of the spiral landscaped ramp is achieved via a parallel pathway which allows for servicing of the continuous planters without requiring access from internal tenanted spaces. The pathway also serves as a linear park that stretches all the way from the ground plane to the uppermost roof areas. The continuity of the landscaping is a key component of the projects ecological design concept as it allows for fluid movement of organisms and plant species between all vegetated areas within the building， enhancing biodiversity and contributing to the overall health of these ecosystems. The ramp， with its deep overhangs and large concentrations of shade plants， is also one element in a comprehensive strategy for the ambient cooling of the building facade. This eco-infrastructure provides social， interactive and creative environments for the occupants of the buildings upper floors while balancing the inherent inorganicness of the built-form with a more organic mass.

Solar Shaft

A diagonal shaft cut through the upper floors of Tower A allows day-light to penetrate deep into the buildings interior. Internal lighting operates on a system of sensors which reduces energy use by automatically turning-off lights when adequate day-lighting is available. Landscaped planter boxes within the solar shaft bring added quality to adjacent spaces and enhance views up into the building from the street below.

Eco-cell

Located at the buildings north-east corner where the spiral ramp meets the ground， the Eco-cell allows vegetation， daylight and natural ventilation to extend into the car-park levels below. The lowest level of the Eco-cell contains the storage tank and pump room of the rainwater recycling system.

Naturally Ventilated and Day Lit Grand Atrium

A public plaza between the two tower blocks provides a space for communal activities and creative performances. This naturally-ventilated ground floor operates as a mixed-mode （non-air conditioned） zone with an operable glass-louvered roof over the atrium providing protection from the elements while enabling full ventilation when needed. CFD （Computational Fluid Dynamic） simulations were used to analyse thermal conditions and wind-speed within the atrium. The results of these studies were used to optimize the atrium facade design to improve air flow and enhance comfort levels.

Pocket Park / Plaza

Ground level landscaping， linking to one-north Park across the street， allows for cross ventilation of the ground-floor plaza and provides a venue for social/interactive events.

Extensive Sun-Shading Louvers

The projects climate-responsive fa?ade design originated with analysis of the local sun-path. Singapore is on the equator and the sun-path is almost exactly east-west. Facade studies analyzing the solar-path determined the shape and depth of the sunshade louvers， which also double as light-shelves. This solar shading strategy further reduces heat transfer across the buildings low-e double-glazed perimeter facade， contributing to an extremely low External Thermal Transfer Value （ETTV） of 39 watts/m.sq. In conjunction with the spiral landscaped ramp， sky gardens， and deep overhangs， the sunshade louvers also assist in establishing comfortable micro-climates in habitable spaces along the buildings exterior. The combined linear length of the buildings sun-shade louvers exceeds 10km.

Roof Gardens and Corner Sky Terraces

Vertical landscaping acts as a thermal buffer and creates areas for relaxation and event spaces. These extensive gardens allow for interaction between the buildings occupants and nature offering opportunities to experience the external environment and enjoy views of the treetops of one-north Park. As it reaches each corner of the building the spiral ramp expands into generous double-volume sky terraces. Upon completion， the sum of the projects vegetated areas will exceed the footprint of the site on which the building sits.

Rainwater Harvesting/Recycling

The buildings extensive landscaped areas are irrigated via a large-scale rainwater recycling system. Rainwater is collected from the drainage downpipes of the perimeter landscaped ramp and from the roof of tower B via Siphonic drainage. It is stored in rooftop tanks and at the lowest basement level， beneath the Eco-cell. A storage capacity of over 700 cubic meters allows for over five days of irrigation via recycled water between rainfalls.

業(yè)主：JTC公司

開發(fā)商：Soilbuild集團(tuán)控股有限公司

建設(shè)地點(diǎn)：新加坡One-north科技園

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：T·R·哈姆扎和楊經(jīng)文建筑師事務(wù)所

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：楊經(jīng)文（首席），Mitchell Gelber（項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人），Esther Klausen，

Faizah Rahmat，David Loh Ing Hui

總建筑面積：50 271m2

用地面積：7 734m2

總景觀面積：8 363m2（其中首層景觀487m2，屋頂花園2 987m2，中庭花架304m2，

生態(tài)細(xì)胞83m2，綠色斜坡4 115m2，陽光豎井223m2，綠墻164m2）

層數(shù)：A座15層，B座8層

容積率：1：6.5

綠化率：108%

資料提供：?T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Sdn. Bhd.