彭　剛， 范年?yáng)|， 李春燕， 曾交龍， 何焰蘭

(國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 理學(xué)院 物理系，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙　410073)

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第六屆中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽簡(jiǎn)訊

彭剛， 范年?yáng)|， 李春燕， 曾交龍， 何焰蘭

(國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 理學(xué)院 物理系，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙410073)

中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽( China Undergraduate Physicists’ Tournament，簡(jiǎn)稱CUPT)是中國(guó)借鑒國(guó)際青年物理學(xué)家錦標(biāo)賽(International Young Physicists’ Tournament，簡(jiǎn)稱 IYPT)模式創(chuàng)辦的一項(xiàng)全國(guó)性物理類賽事. 第六屆中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽于2015年8月19日—24日在國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)舉行，國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)鄧小剛副校長(zhǎng)、CUPT競(jìng)賽委員會(huì)李川勇秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)、國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)理學(xué)院王雪松院長(zhǎng)、國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)理學(xué)院物理系趙增秀主任出席了開(kāi)幕式. 鄧小剛副校長(zhǎng)、李川勇秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)、王雪松院長(zhǎng)分別在開(kāi)幕式上發(fā)表了重要講話.

中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽是在全國(guó)高校本科學(xué)生中開(kāi)展的學(xué)生團(tuán)體學(xué)術(shù)賽事. 每年的競(jìng)賽題目設(shè)計(jì)都具有很強(qiáng)的軍事、生活應(yīng)用背景. 例如，今年競(jìng)賽問(wèn)題3“人造肌肉”、問(wèn)題6“馬格努斯滑翔機(jī)”、 問(wèn)題8“糖和鹽”、 問(wèn)題11“貓須”等在材料科學(xué)、機(jī)器人的制造、飛機(jī)動(dòng)力學(xué)原理設(shè)計(jì)、潛艇生存環(huán)境變化、太赫茲的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理以及反隱形等方面具有強(qiáng)烈的軍事和生活應(yīng)用背景等. 通過(guò)以團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的形式研究這些實(shí)際物理問(wèn)題，有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用大學(xué)物理理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)等方面解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神和開(kāi)放性思維能力；通過(guò)正反方辯論對(duì)抗的競(jìng)賽形式，有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生交流表達(dá)、臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)變以及對(duì)抗謀略等能力；整個(gè)競(jìng)賽讓學(xué)生能夠獲得學(xué)科知識(shí)、科學(xué)方法、創(chuàng)新能力的有效統(tǒng)一與全面發(fā)展，有利于提升學(xué)生專業(yè)綜合素養(yǎng)；此外，中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽同時(shí)也可以促進(jìn)“大學(xué)物理”與“大學(xué)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)”的教學(xué)理念、教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)手段與方法的改革.

目前，CUPT的理念和模式得到了全國(guó)各高校的廣泛歡迎. 本屆大賽的規(guī)模、水平和影響力又有了空前的提升. 第六屆CUPT共有69支全國(guó)高校代表隊(duì)參加，其中參賽學(xué)校48所、觀摩學(xué)校21所，整個(gè)競(jìng)賽參與師生達(dá)679人. 經(jīng)過(guò)5輪角逐，南開(kāi)大學(xué)、南京大學(xué)、浙江大學(xué)、哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)等4支代表隊(duì)進(jìn)入決賽，最終哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)成功奪得2015年CUPT大賽冠軍. 今年由于參賽隊(duì)伍數(shù)量激增，經(jīng)過(guò)競(jìng)賽委員會(huì)全體表決，大幅提高了獲獎(jiǎng)的數(shù)量，其中一等獎(jiǎng)以上獲獎(jiǎng)比例提高到不多于20%，二等獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)比例提高到不多于30%，三等獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)比例減少到50%. 2015年最終評(píng)出團(tuán)隊(duì)特等獎(jiǎng)5項(xiàng)、一等獎(jiǎng)5項(xiàng)、二等獎(jiǎng)16項(xiàng)、三等獎(jiǎng)23項(xiàng)、最佳風(fēng)采獎(jiǎng)3項(xiàng)；個(gè)人表現(xiàn)最佳選手3項(xiàng)、最佳正方3項(xiàng)、最佳反方3項(xiàng)、最佳評(píng)論方3項(xiàng)、最佳女生3項(xiàng).

本次大賽取得圓滿成功的同時(shí)，我們也應(yīng)該注意到大賽存在如下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：1) 參賽學(xué)生對(duì)競(jìng)賽宗旨理解不準(zhǔn)確.CUPT采用正方報(bào)告、正反方辯論對(duì)抗的競(jìng)賽形式，很多參賽學(xué)生對(duì)辯論對(duì)抗環(huán)節(jié)的理解不準(zhǔn)確，導(dǎo)致部分參賽隊(duì)伍在這一環(huán)節(jié)中針?shù)h相對(duì)，言辭激烈. 實(shí)際上，CUPT正反方辯論對(duì)抗的最根本的宗旨是希望正反方能夠以互相探討交流的形式就正方報(bào)告中存在的問(wèn)題或者正反方理解偏差的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行深入交流，達(dá)到雙方共同進(jìn)步的目的. 很多參賽隊(duì)準(zhǔn)備充分，但是由于對(duì)這一點(diǎn)理解有失偏頗，在辯論對(duì)抗階段無(wú)法有效進(jìn)行討論，從而導(dǎo)致正反方成績(jī)都不是很理想. 2) 裁判打分公平性問(wèn)題. 本次大賽裁判數(shù)量達(dá)到了103人，這其中又包括了40多名新裁判. 有極少量的裁判可能對(duì)競(jìng)賽題目不太熟悉，對(duì)競(jìng)賽規(guī)則、競(jìng)賽宗旨不太了解等原因，導(dǎo)致在打分環(huán)節(jié)存在偏高或者偏低的問(wèn)題. 裁判組采取了在裁判安排上盡可能多的回避原則和對(duì)被投訴的裁判在充分了解情況的條件下采取取消裁判資格和停賽一場(chǎng)的方法，有效地保障裁判的公平公正. 整體來(lái)說(shuō)，本次大賽是歷屆比賽中裁判投訴最少的一次，一方面說(shuō)明裁判水平在逐年提高，另一方面也說(shuō)明對(duì)裁判安排要盡可能采用回避原則和把裁判誠(chéng)信納入裁判分配安排體系能有效提高大賽的公平公正.

第六屆中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽在各方的共同努力下，已經(jīng)落下帷幕. 整體來(lái)說(shuō)，競(jìng)賽組織圓滿成功，來(lái)自國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)理學(xué)院的57名志愿者同學(xué)參加了本屆大賽的志愿者服務(wù)工作，他們的熱情服務(wù)展示了東道主的風(fēng)采，贏得了參賽學(xué)校的老師和同學(xué)們的贊譽(yù). 第七屆中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽將于2016 年8 月在西安交通大學(xué)舉行.

附錄1　2015年中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽獲獎(jiǎng)名單

附錄22016年中國(guó)大學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)賽題目

1. Invent yourself

Truly random numbers are a very valuable and rare resource. Design, produce, and test a mechanical device for producing random numbers. Analyse to what extent the randomness produced is safe against tampering.

2. Lagging Pendulum

A pendulum consists of a strong thread and a bob. When the pivot of the pendulum starts moving along a horizontal circumference, the bob starts tracing a circle which can have a smaller radius, under certain conditions. Investigate the motion and stable trajectories of the bob.

3. Acoustic Lens

Fresnel lenses with concentric rings are widely used in optical applications, however a similar principle can be used to focus acoustic waves. Design and produce an acoustic lens and investigate its properties, such as amplification, as a function of relevant parameters.

4. Super Ball

Throw a highly elastic ball into the space between two plates. The ball starts bouncing and under some circumstances can even be projected back to you. Investigate the motion of the ball and parameters influencing the motion, including the orientation of the plates.

5. Ultrahydrophobic Water

Set a dish filled with soapy water onto a loudspeaker or other vibrator. When it oscillates, it is possible to hold small droplets on its surface for a long time. Explain and investigate the phenomenon.

6. Electric Honeycomb

Set a vertically oriented steel needle over a horizontal metallic plate. Place some oil onto the plate. If you apply constant high voltage between the needle and the plate, a cell structure appears on the surface of the liquid. Explain and investigate this phenomenon.

7. Hot Water Fountain

Partially fill a Mohr pipette with hot water. Cover the top of the pipette with your thumb. Turn the tip upwards and observe the fountain exiting the tip. Investigate the parameters describing the height of the fountain, and optimize them to get the maximum height.

8. Magnetic Train

Button magnets are attached to both ends of a small cylindrical battery. When placed in a copper coil such that the magnets contact the coil, this "train" starts to move. Explain the phenomenon and investigate how relevant parameters affect the train′s speed and power.

9. Water Waves

Generate a water wave with a vertically oscillating horizontal cylinder. When varying the excitation frequency and/or amplitude, the water seems to drift away from or towards the cylinder. Investigate the phenomenon.

10. Light Rings

Let a liquid jet fall onto a surface. If the contact point is illuminated by a laser beam, rings of light around the jet can be observed (see Figure). Investigate the light rings and determine how they depend on relevant parameters of the whole system.

11. Rolling on a Disc

If you put a light rolling object (e.g. a ring, a disc, or a sphere) on a horizontal rotating disc, it may start moving without being expelled from the disc. Explain how different types of motion depend on the relevant parameters.

12. Van der Pauw Method

It is known that conductivity of a material can be measured independently of the sample shape, as long as the sample has one border (no holes). To what extent can such a method be applied? Investigate and explain such measurements if the sample has holes.

13. Paper Vice

Take two similar paperback books and interleave a few pages at a time. Push the books together. Hold the two books by their spines and try to pull them apart. Investigate the parameters that set the limits of being able to separate the books.

14. Sensitive Flame

A combustible gas (e.g. propane) streams vertically out of a fine nozzle and then through a fine metallic mesh at a distance of about 5 cm. The gas is lit and produces a flame above the mesh. Under some circumstances, this flame reacts very sensitively to sound. Investigate the phenomenon and the relevant parameters.

15. Contactless Calliper

Invent and construct an optical device that uses a laser pointer and allows contactless determination of thickness, refractive index, and other properties of a glass sheet.

16. Frisbee Vortices

When a vertical plate is partially submerged in water and pulled in a direction normal to the plate, a pair of vortices is created in the surface of the water. Under certain conditions, these vortices travel along the surface for a long distance. Investigate the parameters influencing the motion and stability of these vortices.

17. Crazy Suitcase

When one pulls along a two wheeled suitcase, it can under certain circumstances wobble so strongly from side to side that it can turn over. Investigate this phenomenon. Can one suppress or intensify the effect by varied packing of the luggage?

2015-08-30；

2015-11-04

國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)教育教學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)課題(2014)資助

彭剛(1978—)，男，湖南寧鄉(xiāng)人，國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)物理系副教授，博士，主要從事大學(xué)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)和納米電子學(xué)研究工作.

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