建筑設(shè)計：奧唐奈 + 圖米建筑師事務所A

rchitects: O'Donnell + Tuomey

倫敦政經(jīng)學院蘇瑞福學生中心，倫敦，英國

Saw Swee Hock Student Center， London， United Kingdom， 2014

建筑設(shè)計：奧唐奈 + 圖米建筑師事務所A

rchitects: O'Donnell + Tuomey

“倫敦是一座磚的城市”，在都柏林建立事務所的建筑師希拉·奧唐奈和約翰·圖米說。人們很容易忘記這一點——考慮到他們的國際同行最近對玻璃雕塑的攻擊，而這種設(shè)計已經(jīng)消失在了他們自身的思考中。在他們?yōu)閭惗卣?jīng)學院建設(shè)學生中心的過程中，這支來自愛爾蘭的團隊卻拒絕受到那些保守主義挑戰(zhàn)者的影響。這座多功能建筑所在的位置十分引人矚目，就位于威斯明斯特教堂附近的保護范圍內(nèi)，然而它仍舊反映了所在的環(huán)境，各個時代留存下來的磚砌建筑在這里共同組成了一幅生動的拼貼畫。而現(xiàn)在，德國《建筑師》雜志評論道：“手工磚塊的觸感建筑——已經(jīng)成為這個公司的一個商標，甚至在倫敦也是如此?！边@個學生中心折疊的外立面圍合了若干教室、一座舞蹈房、一些健身和冥想空間，以及俱樂部教室、多功能室和行政辦公用房等空間。

這座8層高建筑的立面，像一幅幅巨大的屏幕彼此傾斜疊壓，未曾透露出一點有關(guān)內(nèi)部樓層的信息。外墻面遵從了明確的設(shè)計規(guī)范；各個曲折面是對鄰近建筑采光權(quán)利和內(nèi)外視線通廊設(shè)計的回應。半公共的廣場使建筑入口保持在標高較低的位置，能吸引人們進入學生中心。不尋常的環(huán)境背景成為決定建筑采用曲折表面的最主要因素。

三角形的地段仿佛被折疊到了立面上，并在三維空間得到了重構(gòu)。相應的窗洞開口和V形的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)也遵循了這一幾何形狀。磚墻面采用透空砌筑的方式，為室內(nèi)過濾直射陽光；健身和祈禱用的房間尤其受惠。在夜晚，這座建筑則好像一盞龐大的燈籠，熠熠生輝。建筑被特意設(shè)計成具有臨時感的、十分誘人的、在某種程度上頗具挑釁意味的效果。

建筑的核心是一座清水混凝土澆筑的旋轉(zhuǎn)樓梯。地面空間由此向各處延伸開去，以此形成了空間的方向感。建筑師們在設(shè)計中把這座堅固的建筑想象為“人居倉庫”，它有著堅固的木地板、鋼柱和密肋混凝土天花板。其結(jié)果則是形成了沒有走廊和門扇分隔的開放空間結(jié)構(gòu)。最頂層被布置為咖啡廳，可通往室外露臺。

按照設(shè)計任務的規(guī)定，這座建筑必須符合一系列節(jié)能要求。而這座建筑以其巨大的熱質(zhì)量、安裝在不同朝向坡面上的太陽能光電板、綠色屋頂、熱交換和雨水回收設(shè)備等，獲得了“英國建筑研究院環(huán)境評估方法”（BREEAM）認證的“杰出”評級。（徐知蘭 譯）

1　外景/Exterior view2　總平面/Site plan3　外景/Exterior view

項目信息/Credits and data

客戶/Client: 倫敦政治經(jīng)濟學院/LSE London School of Economics

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 學生中心/Student Center

建筑面積/Usable Floor Area: 6000m2

磚材類型/Brick Type: 飾面磚/Facing bricks

攝影/Photos: Dennis Gilbert

"London is a brick city，" say the Dublin-based architects Sheila O'Donnell and John Tuomey. This is easy to forget， given their international colleagues' recent onslaught of glass sculptures that practically disappear inside their own reflections. In building their student center for the London School of Economics， the Irish team nevertheless refused to be influenced by their conservative challengers. The multifunctional building sits quite conspicuously in the conservation area surrounding Westminster，yet it still reflects the environment， in which brick structures from every epoch combine to form a lively patchwork. And now， comments Baumeister magazine， "handmade bricks – tactile architecture–have become a trademark of the firm even in London." The student centre's folded shell encloses classrooms， a dance studio， spaces for gymnastics and meditation， in addition to club rooms， multipurpose rooms and administrative offices.

The facades of the eight-storey building，slanted towards one another like giant screens，reveal nothing about the storey within. Their outer walls conform to the clearance regulations； their facets are a response to the rights of light of the neighboring buildings and establish sightlines between the inner and outer paths. A semi-public square maintains a low building threshold and draws people into the centre. The unusual context was ultimately decisive for the folded surfaces of the structure.

It looks as though the triangular site has been folded up and reproduced in three dimensions. Corresponding window openings and V-supports observe this geometry. The brick cladding was laid in an offset gap bond， so that the sunlight forms filtered patterns inside； the fitness and prayer rooms especially profit from this effect. At night the building glows like an oversized lantern. It is designed to look contemporary， inviting， and also somewhat provocative.

The core of the building is formed by a winding staircase of exposed concrete. The floor spaces branch off from this， which helps with orientation. In their design the architects imagined the robust architecture of a "habitable warehouse" with solid wood floors， steel columns and ribbed concrete ceilings. The result is an open structure without the separations created by corridors and doors. The top storey is laid out as a café that opens out on to a roof terrace.

The commission came with the stipulation that the structure would have to meet a host of energyefficiency requirements. With its large thermal mass， photovoltaics on the variously oriented sloped surfaces， a green roof， heat exchangers and rainwater recovery， the building achieves the coveted BREEAM rating of "outstanding".

評論

張雷：這個位于中世紀歷史街區(qū)中的學生中心，微妙地處理了關(guān)于城市與建筑，材料與幾何，以及延續(xù)與發(fā)展的新模式。建筑平面的基本輪廓來自現(xiàn)存歷史街區(qū)若干軸線的直接限定，而與功能相關(guān)的內(nèi)部空間組織，結(jié)合景觀和動線的需求，最終建筑形體的幾何屬性被模糊和消解。與臨近的歷史建筑形成鮮明的對比，建筑不規(guī)則而又連續(xù)變化的外部表皮，形成街區(qū)毫無疑問的開放中心場所。同時這個景觀化的中心，在人們通過歷史建筑群體擠壓出的巷道到達這里的過程中，并未有意展現(xiàn)其全貌，而是小心翼翼地用紅磚覆蓋的幕墻充當城市空間的背景。對于磚這種古老的材料，建筑師似乎在不遺余力地演示其當代的有效性和可能性，時而表現(xiàn)其作為砌筑的表現(xiàn)力，時而用夸張的形體翻折切削提醒觀眾其結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系上的自由釋放。

Comments

ZHANG Lei: The student center， located in medieval historic blocks， displays with subtlety the new pattern of the relationships of the city and architecture，material and geometry， continuation and development.The basic outline of the architectural layout originates from the direct restrictions to the axes of the existing historic blocks， while the organization of interior space relating to functions， in line with the demand of landscape and circulation， are finally blurred and deconstructed in terms of geometric properties of architectural form. In sharp contrast with the adjacent historical buildings， the irregular and continuous changeable external surface of the building undoubtedly forms open central places in the blocks. At the same time， when people arrive through tunnels squeezing out of the historical architectural building， the center of the scenic spot does not intend to show its whole profile，but resorts to the red-brick-covered curtain wall to be the background of the urban space with great care. As for the ancient material of brick， the architects seem to spare no effort to demonstrate its contemporary validity and possibility of architectural expression. They sometimes made the brick perform its expressive force of masonry， sometimes with exaggerated folded and edge-cutting shapes， a reminder to the audience of the freedom in structural relationship.

郭海鞍：倫敦是一座古老的城市，紅磚的老房子與恬靜的小花園是倫敦老街區(qū)經(jīng)典的景象。但看到倫敦政經(jīng)學院蘇瑞福學生中心時，人們所能感受到的是紅磚帶來另一種視覺震撼。這個項目曾經(jīng)獲得2014年英國皇家建筑師學會斯特林獎，由175，000塊磚構(gòu)筑而成，砌筑過程中幾乎沒有任何切磚，設(shè)計師定制了46種標準磚和多達127種特殊磚，建造過程非常精準，體現(xiàn)了建筑師對項目細節(jié)超強的把控能力。磚建筑的精髓之處真是在于對壘砌過程中技法和工藝的思考，這座房屋充分體現(xiàn)了這種思考。

GUO Hai'an: London is an old city， where we can see a lot of old red brick houses and little green gardens. When the Saw Swee Hock Student Centre comes into sight， a strong visual impact should be felt from this brand new red brick building！ The project was the winner of the RIBA Stirling Prize in 2014. It was made up of 175，000 red bricks， includes 46 standard shape bricks and 127 specially designed bricks. The process of the construction is quite precise， which requires that the architect have a strong ability to control the details. The essence of brick buildings is the method in how they are laid， how the bricks are utilized and developed， ， which we can all find in this project.

4　細部/Detail of the brick craftsmanship5　從室內(nèi)看向室外/View from interior to outdoor space6　橫剖面/Cross section7　首層平面/Floor 0 plan8　入口/Entrance