路培/LU Pei

黃華青 譯/Translated by HUANG Huaqing

克勞斯·費(fèi)舍爾訪談

Interview with Klaus Fischer

路培/LU Pei

黃華青 譯/Translated by HUANG Huaqing

成立于1948年的德國(guó)慧魚集團(tuán)，因其建筑錨固系統(tǒng)而聞名于世。1997年慧魚在中國(guó)成立分公司，并在江蘇太倉(cāng)建廠?；埕~在中國(guó)近20年的發(fā)展歷程中，憑借著杰出而全面的錨固系統(tǒng)解決方案，在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)取得了不俗的業(yè)績(jī)；慧魚中國(guó)公司亦成為慧魚集團(tuán)錨固系統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域在全球范圍內(nèi)的第4大子公司。近年來，慧魚錨固產(chǎn)品除應(yīng)用在包括國(guó)家體育場(chǎng)（“鳥巢”）、上海金茂君悅大酒店、上海世博軸、上海一級(jí)方程式賽道、上海迪斯尼樂園和諾華研發(fā)中心等眾多知名的建筑工程中以外，慧魚中國(guó)還積極投身于中國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和工業(yè)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域，如三峽水電站、津京城際高鐵、上海地鐵4號(hào)線、貴廣高鐵隧道等案例。

克勞斯·費(fèi)舍爾先生，作為慧魚集團(tuán)的總裁、首席執(zhí)行官，日前接受了本刊記者的書面采訪。

1　慧魚集團(tuán)總裁克勞斯·費(fèi)舍爾/Klaus Fischer， the president of fischer

2　慧魚總部，位于德國(guó)黑森林地區(qū)的圖木嶺/fischer Headquarters in Tumlingen， Germany

WA: 從1958年慧魚發(fā)明的第一枚尼龍錨栓開始，到2015年最新推出的DUOPOWER（塑料制雙組件錨栓），慧魚建筑錨固系統(tǒng)至今經(jīng)歷了將近60年的發(fā)展，共研發(fā)出14000多款產(chǎn)品。您作為慧魚集團(tuán)的第二代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和公司不斷發(fā)展壯大的見證者，在您看來，慧魚之所以取得今天的成就，其背后的原因有哪些？

費(fèi)舍爾：我們公司能夠成功，最可貴的資本和最重要的因素就是我們的員工——而非工廠或建筑。我們這些訓(xùn)練有素、積極進(jìn)取的員工有著很強(qiáng)的主人翁精神，正是依靠他們的努力，我們才能在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域開發(fā)出創(chuàng)新性的產(chǎn)品。早在1980年代，我們就確立了公司的使命，并通過員工與管理層之間的協(xié)同共進(jìn)而逐步踐行。它也呼應(yīng)了我們公司哲學(xué)的三個(gè)核心價(jià)值：創(chuàng)新、責(zé)任和高尚。

公司的目標(biāo)很明確：盈利。我們的可持續(xù)性發(fā)展建立在三大支柱上：經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)和社會(huì)責(zé)任?；埕~的流程系統(tǒng)引入包括“持續(xù)進(jìn)步”“避免浪費(fèi)”“終身學(xué)習(xí)”以及若干健康倡議在內(nèi)的理念，這都是我們公司成功的重要因素。

我們持續(xù)的國(guó)際化拓展，尤其是在亞洲市場(chǎng)的成功，提升了公司的附加價(jià)值。就此，我們將在2016年年底在菲律賓開設(shè)一家新的分公司，之后還會(huì)有更多。在中國(guó)，我們現(xiàn)在擁有328名員工，分布在3座生產(chǎn)基地、一個(gè)供貨部門以及16家銷售辦公室。為了確保這些分公司的持續(xù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，我們考慮了當(dāng)?shù)靥厥鈼l件，從而開發(fā)出適應(yīng)特定市場(chǎng)的系列產(chǎn)品。這也促成了我們與亞洲最大的家具生產(chǎn)商的成功合作，例如廣州的歐派家居集團(tuán)。此外，我們的錨固系統(tǒng)已被用于多項(xiàng)重要的中國(guó)建筑工程中，例如武漢萬(wàn)達(dá)廣場(chǎng)和南京新城科技園。

WA: 由德國(guó)提出的“工業(yè)4.0”戰(zhàn)略，已在全球范圍內(nèi)引發(fā)了新一輪的工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型競(jìng)賽。自動(dòng)化向來是德國(guó)制造業(yè)的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)，德國(guó)在信息技術(shù)方面也有著不俗的實(shí)力?；埕~一直以來注重產(chǎn)品的多樣化，并可以為客戶提供個(gè)性化的產(chǎn)品解決方案，這在一定程度上符合工業(yè)4.0的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為一名富有遠(yuǎn)見的企業(yè)家，為更好地迎接甚至引領(lǐng)工業(yè)4.0時(shí)代，您認(rèn)為慧魚應(yīng)該做好哪些準(zhǔn)備？

費(fèi)舍爾：“工業(yè)4.0”對(duì)我們也是個(gè)非常重要的話題。在“工業(yè)4.0”框架內(nèi)，隨著虛擬世界和現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的逐步統(tǒng)一，我們將會(huì)自信地參與其中。實(shí)際上，我們公司已經(jīng)有所行動(dòng)。我們的慧魚流程系統(tǒng)在其中也發(fā)揮了很大作用，它在“工業(yè)4.0”框架內(nèi)奠定了我們所有生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)。我們的跨部門項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了具體的試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃，從而逐步推進(jìn)它在公司內(nèi)部的有效應(yīng)用。

WA: 眾所周知，建筑行業(yè)是個(gè)發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后的行業(yè)，若干年來，人們對(duì)建筑的要求長(zhǎng)久以來無(wú)非局限在“堅(jiān)固、適用、美觀”這三點(diǎn)上。隨著全球氣候變暖，人們對(duì)建筑行業(yè)節(jié)能減排的呼聲愈發(fā)強(qiáng)烈。建筑，作為人類生產(chǎn)生活的基本物質(zhì)載體和最大的終端能耗部門，如何在建材生產(chǎn)這一初始環(huán)節(jié)盡可能減少能源消耗，對(duì)整個(gè)地球的生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類社會(huì)有著非常重要的意義。作為建材行業(yè)的領(lǐng)軍者，可否請(qǐng)您談?wù)勀鷮?duì)環(huán)保事業(yè)的看法，以及慧魚是如何在日復(fù)一日的生產(chǎn)中履行“節(jié)能減排”的目標(biāo)的？

費(fèi)舍爾：自從2000年以來，我們的慧魚流程系統(tǒng)就在可持續(xù)性的企業(yè)管理中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。其中，避免浪費(fèi)扮演著尤為重要的角色。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，我們并不是簡(jiǎn)單地將自己框束在個(gè)體化的節(jié)能措施中，例如合成材料的注射成型過程。我們同樣采取面向未來的策略。例如，位于法蘭克福的德國(guó)未來研究院就提出了若干個(gè)未來發(fā)展的主流趨勢(shì)。從中，我們選擇了4項(xiàng)趨勢(shì)作為本公司發(fā)展策略的核心，包括全球化、機(jī)動(dòng)性、新生態(tài)和銀色社會(huì)。新生態(tài)的趨勢(shì)也與慧魚的可持續(xù)性管理體系有關(guān)。我們已實(shí)施的可持續(xù)性項(xiàng)目都有明確詳細(xì)的記錄。

這也促成了“藍(lán)路工作站”的建設(shè)及持續(xù)擴(kuò)張。它展示了成功的商業(yè)解決方案，能夠在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域促進(jìn)可持續(xù)性節(jié)能。例如，我們通過對(duì)金屬制造過程的簡(jiǎn)化和改良，大大減少了燃油的消耗?！八{(lán)路工作站”的設(shè)計(jì)就是為了建立并持續(xù)提升員工的可持續(xù)性意識(shí)。

此外，我們所有部門都設(shè)置了定期的可持續(xù)性訓(xùn)練課程。

我們必須在生活的方方面面避免浪費(fèi)。未來的建造行為，將會(huì)建立在減少使用資源及化石燃料、回收和減排之上。就此，我們即將重新定義未來的生活方式。“主動(dòng)性住宅”就是我們正在開發(fā)的項(xiàng)目，與建筑師團(tuán)隊(duì)及建筑工程師維納·索貝克教授合作。這種住宅完全使用可回收材料，并采用簡(jiǎn)單的裝配方式而沒有任何粘結(jié)劑。因此，它們能在任何時(shí)候拆卸，而不留下任何殘余。我們要為模數(shù)化建造和可持續(xù)性樹立新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我們的“綠色產(chǎn)品線”系列產(chǎn)品也為可持續(xù)性做出貢獻(xiàn)。這是世界上第一條基本由植物原料制作的錨固產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)品線。

WA: 有賴于優(yōu)秀的產(chǎn)品和可靠的質(zhì)量，慧魚建筑錨固系統(tǒng)在中國(guó)建筑市場(chǎng)享有較高的知名度和良好的口碑。本刊記者也是通過這次到訪慧魚集團(tuán)總部，才有機(jī)會(huì)親身體會(huì)到慧魚的企業(yè)文化，并對(duì)慧魚旗下的其他業(yè)務(wù)有了更多了解和直觀印象。請(qǐng)問，您是否打算在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大除建筑錨固系統(tǒng)以外的其他三大業(yè)務(wù)（汽車儲(chǔ)物系統(tǒng)、創(chuàng)意組合模型和以流程體系專業(yè)知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的咨詢顧問服務(wù)）？

費(fèi)舍爾：慧魚汽車儲(chǔ)物系統(tǒng)這些年來一直有在中國(guó)的分工廠生產(chǎn)。鑒于分工廠的技術(shù)實(shí)力，這一系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該會(huì)在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)有很好的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。我們希望在2020年將在中國(guó)的收益擴(kuò)大一倍?；埕~不僅為在中國(guó)的德國(guó)和美國(guó)汽車生產(chǎn)商提供零部件，也與騰勢(shì)電動(dòng)汽車的生產(chǎn)商有著成功的合作。我們目前正在江蘇太倉(cāng)工廠建造一座新的生產(chǎn)車間。

慧魚的創(chuàng)意組合模型自從1998年以來就在太倉(cāng)生產(chǎn)。我們的主要定位是作為高等教育部門的教學(xué)輔助材料，其中我們的建造組合模型能夠作為教授自然科學(xué)原理的創(chuàng)造性方法。

慧魚的咨詢顧問服務(wù)已經(jīng)在德國(guó)奠定了良好的聲譽(yù)，并不斷拓展其國(guó)際化程度。2016年，慧魚咨詢部門的第一家海外分公司落戶意大利。中國(guó)對(duì)于采用慧魚流程系統(tǒng)來優(yōu)化制造過程的業(yè)務(wù)，也會(huì)是一個(gè)很吸引人的市場(chǎng)。我們已經(jīng)與中國(guó)的合作方在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域完成了多個(gè)項(xiàng)目。

WA: “創(chuàng)新”是慧魚的三大核心價(jià)值之一，創(chuàng)新意味著開拓、從無(wú)到有；“流程管理”對(duì)慧魚的重要性同樣不言而喻，是公司得以持續(xù)改善的保障，流程管理的內(nèi)涵包括規(guī)范化、系統(tǒng)化。請(qǐng)問您如何理解這二者之間的關(guān)系？

4　應(yīng)用慧魚產(chǎn)品的北京南站項(xiàng)目/Beijing South Railway Station

5　應(yīng)用慧魚產(chǎn)品的沙特阿拉伯圣地清真寺項(xiàng)目/Haram Mosque in Saudi-Arabia

6　慧魚錨固系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品/fischer fixing systems portfolio

7　慧魚MEP系統(tǒng)解決方案（機(jī)械、電子和管道安裝系統(tǒng)）/ fischer SaMontec installation systems

費(fèi)舍爾：沒有規(guī)范就沒有進(jìn)步，否則就不會(huì)有比較的基準(zhǔn)。即便我們可以不參照規(guī)范來做出改變，也無(wú)從知曉是否取得了進(jìn)步。我們需要以規(guī)范為基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)而整體優(yōu)化組織結(jié)構(gòu)，并確保整個(gè)流程的彈性和靈敏性?；埕~并未教條地將它的工具用于其他系統(tǒng)，但它將整個(gè)系統(tǒng)看作由應(yīng)用于每道流程的8個(gè)基本原則組成：透明性、增加價(jià)值、流動(dòng)、同步、流程導(dǎo)向、消除錯(cuò)誤、靈活性和持續(xù)進(jìn)步。著名的精益工具就是應(yīng)用這些原則的結(jié)果。

3　慧魚總部錨固系統(tǒng)工廠/fischer production site in Tumlingen，Germany

Founded in 1948， the German company fischer is world famous for its fixing systems in the construction industry. In 1997， fischer established a branch in China with the opening of the production site in Taicang， Jiangsu province. fischer has obtained so far great achievement in Chinese market with its comprehensive and outstanding fixing systems solution during its development of nearly 20 years in China； meanwhile， fischer China has grown into the fischer's fourth-largest branch in the business area of fixing systems. In recent years， the fixing products of fischer were not only applied in the world-known building projects such as National Stadium "Bird's Nest"， Shanghai World Expo Axis， Shanghai Formula One Race Track， Shanghai Disneyland and Novartis R & D Center， but also in Chinese infrastructure as well as industrial facilities， for example， Three Gorges Hydropower Station Tianjin-Beijing High Speed Rail，Shanghai Subway No.4 Line， Guiyang-Guangzhou High Speed Rail tunnels and etc.

Lately， we were honoured to have the opportunity of doing a written interview with Mr. Klaus Fischer， the president and CEO of fischer.

WA: From the first invention of the nylon plug in 1958 to the current DUOPOWER in 2015， fischer has almost 60 years of experience in the fixing industry with over 14，000 fixing products. You are the head of corporation in the second generation and you have witnessed the rapid growth of the company， in your opinion， how was fischer able to reach these proud achievements？ What are the reasons for your success？

Klaus Fischer （KF）: The biggest capital and the most important factor for success in our company are the employees – not the plants and buildings. Thanks to our well-trained and highly motivated people， who practically work as entrepreneurs in our enterprise， we develop innovative products in all divisions. We developed a company mission statement as early as the 1980s， which was procured through an intense process between the employees together with senior staff and which corresponds to our philosophy with three central values: innovative，responsible， respectable.

The aim is clear: to generate profit. Economy，ecology and social responsibility are the three pillars on which the sustainable development of our company is founded. The fischer ProcessSystem concerns topics such as "continuous improvement"， "avoiding waste" and "lifelong learning" as well as numerous health initiatives that are important components that contribute to our company's success.

Our continuous internationalisation in the Asian market in particular increases our added value. In this sense we will be opening a new subsidiary in the Philippines at the end of the year，with more to follow. In China we are represented by 328 employees across three production sites，a purchasing organisation and 16 sales offices. In order to ensure the sustainable success of our sites we consider local conditions and develop a range of products that is adapted to the respective market.This has resulted in our successful partnership with Asia's largest furniture manufacturer for example，the OPPEIN Group in Guangzhou. In addition，our fixing systems have been used in important construction projects in China such as Wuhan Wanda Plaza and the Nanjing New Town Science & Technology Park.

WA: The Industry 4.0 strategy is a German development which runs in a new phase of industrial transformation in the global market. In Germany， automation has always been a force of the manufacturing industry， while German information technology is also in good shape. fischer focuses on the diversification of products and is able to offer its customers custom product solutions， already corresponding in part to the standards of Industry 4.0. As a visionary entrepreneur， which preparations do you think fischer should make in order to be prepared and even a leading force in the Industry 4.0 era？

KF: Industry 4.0 is a very important topic for us，too. When it comes to the consolidation between the virtual world and the real world within Industry 4.0 we are able to perform confidently. We can already show a thing or two in our company. Our fischer ProcessSystem has provided great support here too， forming a basis for all our activities with Industry 4.0. Our sector-wide project team has already launched concrete pilot projects in order to advance its useful application within our company.

WA: As is universally known， the building industry is behind in comparison with the development of other industries. For years， the requirements set for building are reduced to "firmness"， "utility" and "beauty". In light of global warming， people are placing more and more value on saving energy and reducing CO2emissions in this industry. Because buildings are feedstock fuels and the most energy-intensive sector of the people， it is important to reduce energy use during production of building materials as much as possible for the good of human society and for earth's ecological environment. Could you please share your views on the protection of the environment as the market leader in the building material industry？ And how does fischer achieve the goal of saving energy and reducing emissions on a daily basis？

KF: Our fischer ProcessSystem has been a significant part of sustainable corporate management since 2000. Avoiding waste plays a particularly important role in this context. In doing so we do not simply restrict ourselves to individual measures such as saving energy during the injection moulding of our synthetic materials. Here， we also take a futureorientated approach. The German Zukunftsinstitut（"Institute for the Future"） in Frankfurt am Main has defined various megatrends of the future， for example. From this we have deducted the four megatrends to urbanisation， mobility， neo-ecology and Silver Society as focal points for our company's strategy. The neo-ecology megatrend forms a link to fischer's sustainability management. Sustainability projects which have already been implemented are explicitly accounted and documented.

This has resulted in the stations of the socalled "blue path" which is continuously being expanded. It shows successful business solutions that have contributed to sustainable savings across various levels. For example， we have been able to significantly reduce the use of oil by cleansing it， simultaneously improving the processes in metalwork. The stations of the "blue path" are intended to promote and continuously develop sustainability in our employee's consciousness.

In addition， there will be regular training sessions on sustainability in all divisions.

We must avoid waste in all aspects of our lives. The construction of the future is based on using as few resources and fossil fuels as possible and on recyclability and avoiding emissions. Which is why we are about to redefine the future of living. The aktivh?user （"active houses"） which we are developing along with a team of architects and the building engineer Prof. Werner Sobek are made completely from recyclable materials that are simply assembled without being glued. Therefore， they can be disassembled at any time without residue. We are thereby setting new standards for modular construction and for sustainability. We are also contributing to the topic of sustainability with our greenline range. It is the first line of products in the world that features fixing products made of mostly vegetable raw materials.

WA: fischer fixing systems are well-known in the Chinese market， with a good reputation thanks to the excellent products and reliable quality. As journalists we were able to personally experience fischer's company culture. In addition， we were able to develop a better understanding and an intuitive impression of the various divisions during our visit. Aside from fixing systems， do you have any intentions of expanding into the Chinese market with the other three divisions （automotive systems，fischertechnik and fischer Consulting）？

KF: fischer automotive systems has been represented by its own Chinese production subsidiary for many years， and thanks to its technical knowhow it faces good opportunities for growth in the Chinese market. We will double the revenue in the Middle Kingdom by 2020. fischer not only produces for German and American car manufacturers in China， but also successfully supplies the manufacturer of the Denza electric car. We are currently expanding our Taicang site with the construction of a further production hall.

fischertechnik has also been represented in Taicang since 1998. Our main target group is the teaching material and high school sector， which utilise our construction kits as a creative method for teaching the foundations of science-orientated principals.

fischer Consulting has established itself as a reputable business consultancy in Germany and continues its internationalisation. This year，fischer Consulting's first overseas subsidiary was founded in Italy. China is also proving to be an attractive market for process optimisations with our fischer ProcessSystem， as we have already realised several projects with our Chinese colleagues in the mechanical engineering sector.

WA: Innovation is one of fischer's three core values. Innovation signifies a new beginning. Process management is just as important for fischer， as it enables the company to continuously improve. The connotations of process management include standardisation and systematisation. How do you interpret the relationship between the two？

KF: There is no improvement without standards，otherwise there wouldn't be a benchmark for comparison. While we would be able to carry out changes without these standards， we wouldn't be able to know whether they are improving. We need standards as a basis in order to optimise the organisation as a whole and in order to guarantee the resilience and agility of the processes. fischer isn't dogmatic in the transfer of its tools onto other systems， but it sees the entire systems as a composition of eight principles which apply to every process: transparency， added value， flow，synchronisation， process orientation， elimination of errors， flexibility and continuous improvement. The well-known Lean Tools are a result of these principles.

8　位于德國(guó)內(nèi)卡河霍爾普的慧魚汽車儲(chǔ)物系統(tǒng)工廠/fischerautomotive systems production site in Horb am Neckar， Germany

9　慧魚創(chuàng)意組合模型/fische fischer）