Unit 1
I. 詞匯
1. occasion n. 課文原句:That is an occasion when model planes and model rockets are flown over the second grounds. (L28P9)
【點撥】 occasion ①[C]時刻,時節(jié);②[C]重要的慶?;顒?;③[U]場合,時機;④原因,根源
常見的用法有:
on... occasion 在……場合,在……時候
occasion for... 作為……最佳時機
for... occasion 為了重要活動或儀式
occasion of... ……的原因
【拓展】 on occasion有時,間或;occasional adj. 偶爾的;occasionally adv. 偶爾地
【真題回放】
If ever the occasion arises I want advice, youre the first person Ill come to. (2016南通模擬)
A. whenB. where
C. whichD. what
【答案】 A。
本題考查occasion作為先行詞后接定語從句的用法。句意:如果有需要別人建議的情況出現(xiàn),我首先考慮到找你。occasion是先行詞,表示“時刻,時候”之意,定語從句中缺少時間狀語,所以選when。
2. owe vt. 課文原句:Many people owe their love of sport to the perfect weather conditions for it. (L18P14)
【點撥】 owe vt. ①欠錢;②歸功于;③歸因于
常見的用法有:
owe sb. money 欠某人錢
owe sb. for sth. 因為某事虧欠某人
owe sb. an explanation / apology 欠某人一個解釋或道歉
owe it to sb. to do sth. 做某事歸功于(歸因于)某人
【拓展】 owing to 因為,表示原因的詞組還有:due to, as a result of, on account of, thanks to等等。
【真題回放】
his broken legs, Tom was forced to abandon the coming provincial sports meeting, which made him very depressed. (2015揚州期末)
A. In case ofB. In terms of
C. On top ofD. On account of
【答案】 D。
本題考查介詞詞組。句意:因為腿斷了,湯姆不得不放棄即將到來的省運會,這讓他非常沮喪。in case of萬一,in terms of就……而言,on top of除……之外,on account of因為。根據句意選D正確。
3. equip vt. 課文原句:Since most tennis courts are equipped with lights, many people often play after dusk in the evening and late into the night. (L26P14)
【點撥】 equip ①裝配,配備;②具備,具有
常見的用法有:
equip sb. / sth. with sth. 用……對某人/某物進行裝備
be equipped to do 裝備來做某事
equip sb. with sth. 使某人具備某種知識、技能等
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人具備某種知識、技能來做某事
【拓展】 be equipped with裝配,安裝;be equipped for準備好,對……有準備; equipment n.設備,裝備(不可數名詞)。
【真題回放】
A teachers job is not to tell the students what to believe or value, but to them to develop a worldview for themselves. (2015蘇州期中)
A. urgeB. rank
C. persuadeD. equip
【答案】 D。
本題考查動詞用法。句意:老師的工作不是告訴學生做什么或珍惜什么,而是用知識武裝他們以便培養(yǎng)學生自己的世界觀。urge敦促,力勸; rank排名; persuade勸服; equip用知識和技能武裝。根據語境,選D正確。
II. 短語或句型
1. Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to Russia...(L1P2) 加拿大是世界上最大的國家之一,僅次于俄羅斯……。
【點撥】 second only to 僅次于……;second to none 最好的,首屈一指的
(1) As car manufacturers, they are second only to Nissan in size. 作為汽車制造商,他們在規(guī)模上僅次于尼桑。
(2) As a football player, Cristiano Ronaldo is second to none. 作為足球運動員,C羅是首屈一指的。
【拓展】 短語中介詞to有比較的意思。類似的短語有:
be junior to比……年輕,比……資格淺;be senior to 比……年長,比……資格老; be superior to比……優(yōu)越,勝過……;be inferior to比……差,不如……,be equal to等于、勝任……,be kind to sb. 對某人友好,be grateful/thankful to sb.對某人很感激,be sensitive to對……敏感,be allergic to對……過敏,be available to sb.為某人所得到或使用
【真題回放】
—Do you think he is the only person for the job?
—Im not quite sure but hell prove to the task. (2015南京二模)
A. equalB. essential
C. specialD. superior
【答案】 A。
本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:“你認為他是這個工作的唯一人選嗎?”“我也不確定,但他會證明他能勝任這項任務?!眕rove后省略了to be,be equal to the task勝任這項任務。essential必要的,special特殊的,superior優(yōu)越的。
2. In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. ( L22P2) 加拿大國家電視塔坐落于多倫多市中心,通常簡稱CN塔。
Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Lingen Palace, ... (L18P30)陵恩殿以其簡單設計和彩繪內頂而聞名,為長陵增添了宏偉與壯麗。
Buried there are the remains of five emperors, their wives and other royal family members.(L34P31)
【點撥】 這三句為倒裝句。句首狀語是表示地點的介詞短語或某些表示方向的副詞(here, there, up, down, now, then, in, out, away, off)時,完全倒裝。但主語如為人稱代詞時,則不能倒裝。為了句子平衡,我們經常把ed形式,ing形式,形容詞等放置在句首,并且將謂語動詞提到主語前面。如:
(1) On the wall hang two pictures. 墻上掛著兩幅畫。
(2) Lost in the forest were two middle school students. 在森林里迷路的是兩個中學生。
(3) Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to my program. Joining me this evening is Dr. Gary. 女士們,先生們,歡迎來到我的節(jié)目。參加我們今晚節(jié)目的有加里博士。
(4) Away flew the birds in the tree at the sound of the gun. 一聽到槍聲,樹上的鳥都飛走了。
【拓展】 部分倒裝是指:(1)so, nor, neither置于句首,且表示“也或也不”之意時; (2)虛擬語氣中if省略;(3)否定詞作狀語位于句首;(4) not until, not only置于句首;(5)only+狀語位于句首;(6)在so... that, such... that等結構中,so、 such部分位于句首。
【真題回放】
Not until recently the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas. (2016江蘇卷)
A. they had encouragedB. had they encouraged
C. did they encourageD. they encouraged
【答案】 C。
本題考查不完全倒裝。句意:直到最近,他們才鼓勵在農村發(fā)展與旅游相關的活動。Not until置于句首,采用不完全倒裝,排除A和D,根據題意,encourage這一動作應該是直到recently之后才進行,而不是到recently之前已經進行,不能用過去完成時。
3. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, ..., Paris being the largest.(L24P2)魁北克省內的港口城市蒙特利爾是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上僅次于巴黎的第二大法語城市。
With most of its population living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities. (L21P14) 由于大部分人口都住在沿海地區(qū),游泳和沖浪是最受人喜歡的運動。
【點撥】 Paris being the largest是一個獨立主格結構,在句中做狀語,補充說明。相當于and Paris is the largest. With most of its population living near the coast 是一個with的復合結構在句中做原因狀語,省略with即為獨立主格結構。with的復合結構構成和獨立主格結構的構成基本一樣:(with) + 名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞或不定式。 如:
(1) The key lost on the way back, he couldnt enter the house. 回來的路把鑰匙弄丟了,他進不了家了。
(2) With so many problems to solve, the new manager acted like a cat on hot bricks.有許多問題要解決,新經理急得像熱鍋上的螞蟻。
【真題回放】
Much time sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (2015江蘇卷)
A. being spentB. having spent
C. spentD. spending
【答案】 C。
本題考查獨立主格結構。句意:花很多時間坐在辦公桌旁,辦公室工作人員往往受到健康問題的困擾。Office workers are generally troubled by health problems是一個完整的句子,本題的兩部分之間缺少連詞,所以逗號前面的部分不能是句子,只能是一個獨立主格結構。名詞much time與動詞spend之間構成被動關系,所以使用過去分詞表示被動,排除B、D項。A項表示正在進行,既然有了健康問題,不是正在花時間在辦公桌旁,所以,C項正確。
Unit 2
I. 詞匯
1. register vt. 課文原句:Most important of all, these sites have been registered as UNESCO World Heritage sites. (L47P31)
【點撥】 register vt. 登記,注冊;n. 花名冊,登記簿。
【拓展】 register for 為……而報名登記; register with 到某人處登記; be registered as登記注冊為……。
【真題回放】
—How many students have English classes?
—About 200, and our classroom can hold so many students. (2016南京模擬)
A. arranged forB. settled for
C. registered forD. called for
【答案】 C。
本題考查動詞詞組辨義。句意:“有多少學生登記參加英語課程班?”“大約200人,我們的教室可以容納這么多學生?!盿rrange for安排,settle for勉強接受,register for登記報名,call for要求。根據句意選C。
2. appoint vt. 課文原句:In a gesture to help preserve history, the Greek government appoint a committee in 1975 to undertake a complete repair of the Acropolis.(L89P19)
【點撥】 appoint vt. 任命,委任;指定 (時間、地點)
A committee was appointed to carry out the plans. 一個委員會被人們委任來開展這項計劃。
【拓展】 appointment n. 委任,約會; make an appointment with sb.和某人約會;at the appointed time在約定的時間
【真題回放】
to work in an international company, he felt it both stressful and challenging. (2014南通一模)
A. Being appointedB. To be appointed
C. Having appointedD. Appointed
【答案】 D。
本題考查非謂語動詞。句意:被任命到一家跨國公司工作,他感到既有壓力又有挑戰(zhàn)。he和appoint之間是被動關系(be appointed to do sth.),被任命,C錯誤,既然感到有壓力和挑戰(zhàn),當然是已被任命。
3. inspiration n. 課文原句:These heritage sites impress visitors with their amazing beauty,and they are a great source of inspiration.(L8P25)
【點撥】 inspiration n. 靈感;啟發(fā)靈感的人(或事物)
He has always been a source of inspiration for me. 他一直是啟發(fā)我靈感的源泉。
【拓展】 inspire vt. 啟迪,激勵,鼓舞,inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的,inspired adj. 受鼓舞的
【真題回放】
The Chinese womens volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest . (2015鎮(zhèn)江期中)
A. inspirationsB. expectations
C. invitationsD. cooperations
【答案】 B。
本題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:中國女排贏得了世界杯,這大大超出我們的預料。inspiration靈感,expectation期待,預料,invitation邀請,cooperation合作。根據題意應選B。
II. 短語或句型
1. The Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, a long distance race created in honor of a Greek soldier to report the victory... (L6P18) 羅馬字母是希臘發(fā)明,馬拉松比賽也是希臘發(fā)明,一項長距離比賽來紀念一個希臘士兵來報告勝利……
【點撥】 as conj. 表示“對……情況也是一樣”之意,引導從句,且采用不完全倒裝。例如:
Davis is very tall, as is her daughter. 戴維斯個兒高,她女兒也是的。
The book was banned in the US, as were two subsequent books. 這本書在美國禁售,后續(xù)的兩本書也一樣。
【拓展】 除此之外,as還可以用作連詞引導定語從句,狀語從句,表示“盡管、正如、隨著、因為”等意思。
(1) Try as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open. 盡管她努力了,可還是打不開門。
(2) As Napoleon once said, attack is the best method of defence. 正如拿破侖曾經所說,進攻是最好的防守。
【真題回放】
The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. (2015江蘇卷)
A. itB. which
C. whatD. as
【答案】 D。
本題考查定語從句。句意:據報道,這一年抽煙的人數就下降了17%。as is reported正如所報道的, as is wellknown眾所周知, as is shown正如所表明的, as is pointed out正如所指出的,as is often the case正如通常的情況。
2. In 1816, these sculptures were turned over to the British Museum. (L61P19) 1816年,這些雕塑被移交給大英博物館。
【點撥】 turn sth. over to sb. 把……移交給(他人管理),轉交; turn over(書頁)翻過去,翻來覆去
【拓展】 turn to somebody for help向某人求助;turn up 出現(xiàn),到來;調高(音量等);turn away打發(fā)走;turn down調低;拒絕;turn in上交;turn into變成;turn off關掉;turn on打開;turn out生產;結果是
【真題回放】
Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. (2015天津卷)
A. turn inB. turn down
C. turn overD. turn to
【答案】 B。
本題考查動詞詞組辨義。句意:因為太忙,湯姆不得不拒絕上周末的晚會的邀請。turn in上交,turn down拒絕,turn over翻過去,turn to向某人求助。根據題意,選B。
3. It is apparent that the Qing Tombs are influenced by the Ming Tombs, especially in terms of architecture and the way they are placed among the surrounding mountains and valleys. (L29P31) 很明顯清朝陵園受明朝陵園的影響,特別在建筑和它們安置在崇山峻嶺之間的方式方面。
In 1616, he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James. (P27) 他被允許代表詹姆斯國王去南美洲尋找黃金。
【點撥】 in terms of 就……而言,從……方面來說,on behalf of 代表某人
1) Its a mistake to think of Florida only in terms of its tourist attractions. 只想到佛羅里達的旅游資源是個錯誤。
2) On behalf of everyone here, I sincerely wish you a very happy retirement. 讓我代表這兒所有的人,真誠祝愿你退休愉快。
【拓展】 由“介詞+名詞+介詞”構成的短語還有:in charge of掌管,負責;in control of控制;in memory of紀念;in honor of紀念;向……表示敬意;in / with regard to關于;in favor of贊同,支持;in addition to除……以外;on top of在……上方;除……之外;in response to作為對……的回應、答復; by virtue of 憑借;因為; by means of通過……方式;for the sake of為……的利益,處于……的考慮;on account of因為,in harmony with跟……和諧,跟……一致;in line with和……步調一致;in touch with sb.和某人有聯(lián)系。
【真題回放】
Though Chinas GDP growth marked the slowest since 2009,it was still within the reasonable range set by policymakers and market expectation. (2015蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模)
A. in line withB. in connection with
C. in conflict withD. in parallel with
【答案】 A。
本題考查介詞詞組。句意:盡管自2009年以來,中國的GDP值創(chuàng)新低,但仍然在政策制定者的可控范圍內,并且跟市場預期相吻合。in line with和……一致,in connection with和……有聯(lián)系,in conflict with沖突,in parallel with同時。
(作者:王祥國,江蘇省平潮高級中學)